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Riski Ramadani
Universitas Negeri Surabaya
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Numerical Performance Analysis of Novel-Generation Materials for Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Applications Riski Ramadani; Afiyah Nikmah; Arum Vonie Rachmawati; Hanan Zaki Alhusni; Rohim Aminullah Firdaus; Dzulkiflih Dzulkiflih
Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/jet.837

Abstract

Advances in optical technology have driven the need for new-generation materials that are more efficient in Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structures, particularly for high-precision optical sensors and communication applications. This study aims to evaluate the optical performance of ten material configurations, namely As₂S₃, a-GST, BTO (TE), BTO (TM), c-Si, LNOI (TE), LNOI (TM), PMMA, Si₃N₄, and SU-8, in an MZI configuration using a numerical simulation approach based on the Beam Propagation Method (BPM), the Crank–Nicolson scheme, and the Padé approximation method. Simulations were conducted using MATLAB software to analyze the transverse Ey field, refractive index profiles, and optical transmission efficiency. The results indicate that materials such as BTO (TE/TM), LNOI (TE/TM), and As₂S₃ exhibit superior performance with Ey loss values ≤ 0.01, indicating excellent optical field confinement and high transmission efficiency. Meanwhile, polymer materials, such as PMMA and SU-8, exhibit poor performance with significant loss values, making them unsuitable for active waveguide functions. The novelty of this study lies in the systematic comparison of ten novel-generation material configurations under a uniform MZI simulation framework, enabling the direct evaluation of material-dependent optical confinement, Ey field loss, and transmission efficiency. These findings provide practical guidance for selecting suitable materials for next-generation MZI-based optical sensors, modulators, and integrated photonic devices.
Co-Authors Abd. Hadi Bunyamin Afiyah Nikmah Arum Vonie Rachmawati Binar Kurnia Prahani Budi Jatmiko Dzulkiflih Dzulkiflih Hanan Zaki Alhusni Hanandita Veda Saphira Lindsay Natalia Bergsma Madlazim Madlazim Muhammad Rey Dafa Ahmadi Nisaul Fadhilah Noer Risky Ramadhani Noer Risky Ramadhani ROHIM AMINULLAH FIRDAUS TITIN SUNARTI Yantidewi, Meta