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All Journal Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) JALC : Journal of Applied Linguistics and Studies of Cultural
Samuel Nugraha Cristy
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Arts Humanities Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Public Health Social Sciences

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Kalimat Subordinasi Bahasa Batak Toba: Kajian Tipologi Sintaksis Annisah Inriani Harahap; Samuel Nugraha Cristy; Liao Chunliu; Mulyadi Mulyadi
Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS) Vol 6, No 2 (2023): Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences (JEHSS), November
Publisher : Mahesa Research Center

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.34007/jehss.v6i2.1945

Abstract

This research aims to describe the types of subordinate sentences in the Batak Toba language and test the pivot of the Toba Batak language in subordinating constructions. The data used is written data. The data is a combination of transitive clauses and substantive clauses contained in the book 'Turi-turian Ni Halak Batak'. This research is qualitative descriptive research. Data were analyzed using the agih method with changing and changing forms techniques. Replacement techniques are used to replace words in a sentence with words that have the same syntactic function. Meanwhile, the change of form technique is used to change the form of a word in a sentence into a different sentence form but still has the same syntactic function. The results of the research show that grammatically the Toba Batak language is included in the accusative language typology. The pivot test shows that the release of FN in the Toba Batak language can be done directly if the FN is in the S or A function. If the FN is in the P function the release cannot be done directly, but one of the clauses must be passivized or topicalized first. Based on this pattern, it can be concluded that the Toba Batak language is included in the accusative language type with an S/A pivot pattern.
LANGUAGE AND GENDER IN PUBLIC SPACE: AN APPLIED LINGUISTIC STUDY OF INCLUSIVE LANGUAGE USE Samuel Nugraha Cristy; Junaidi
JALC : JOURNAL OF APPLIED LINGUISTIC AND STUDIES OF CULTURAL Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Mei
Publisher : Rahis Cendekia Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.65787/jalc.v3i1.553

Abstract

This study investigates the intersection of language and gender as represented in public spaces, focusing on the presence, absence, and patterns of inclusive language use. Drawing upon the framework of applied linguistics and critical discourse analysis, this research explores how public signage—across institutions, commercial areas, and communal facilities—embeds gender ideologies and either reinforces or challenges binary norms. Data were collected through a qualitative field survey and visual documentation of public signs in various domains, and analyzed thematically to identify linguistic patterns related to gender representation. The findings reveal that gender-exclusive and male-default language continues to dominate public communication in most observed settings, indicating a widespread lack of awareness or commitment to gender-inclusive principles. Phrases such as “he/she,” binary restroom labels, and job titles with marked gender (e.g., “chairman,” “saleswoman”) are still prevalent, subtly perpetuating the notion of gender essentialism. However, a minority of signs—particularly in educational institutions and certain private sectors—demonstrate emerging inclusive strategies, including the use of gender-neutral terms, inclusive pronouns (e.g., “they”), and visual symbols representing diverse gender identities. These instances signal a gradual shift in public language practices, albeit fragmented and inconsistently applied. This study affirms that public language functions not merely as a communicative tool, but as a site of ideological struggle where power relations and social norms are negotiated. As such, it carries significant implications for inclusive policy development, language planning, and sociolinguistic awareness campaigns. The research also highlights the need for institutional guidelines and educational initiatives to support more equitable and inclusive language use in public signage. Ultimately, this work contributes to a broader understanding of how inclusive linguistic practices in public space can promote social recognition, reduce marginalization, and foster a more inclusive society
Co-Authors Annisah Inriani Harahap Junaidi Liao Chunliu Mulyadi Mulyadi