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-, Rienoviar
Balai Besar Industri Agro
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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(Design and Technical Testing for centrifuge for degumming and Vacuum Deodorizer for Palm kernel Oil (PKO)) Alamsyah, Rizal; -, Rienoviar; Mitha Mala, Dheni
Warta Industri Hasil Pertanian Vol 24, No 01 (2007)
Publisher : Balai Besar Industri Agro

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Abstract

Deodorizing and reaction time of degumming are some of the most important factors that can affect the quality refined vegetable oils or its derivatives. The results of unit operations in doedorizing and degumming give low viability of product especially produced by vegetable oils smallholder industry in Indonesia. To increase quality of those and income producer there is a need to enhance process by introducing appropriate equipments. This study was devoted in designing and testing centrifuge for degumming of crude vegetable oils (Palm kernel oil) and vacuum deodorizer using jet pump for refining oils. The maximum capacity of sentifuge constructed is 12 liters and it was equipped with four container and 1 horse power of induction motor. The performance test of centrifuge showed reaction time for degumming was two hours with maximum impurities or gums (7%). This reaction time is shorter than those of conventional degumming process using settling tank e.g all night reaction time. Deodorizer reactor has capacity of 40 liters oil processed, and it is generated with 1,1 hp of induction motor. steam from small boiler unit was introduced to the doedorized tank to reduces impurities and free fatty acid (FFA). The reactor was equipped with metal heater element of 5000 watt which immersed in silicon oil as heating medium and it was covered by insulator. The reaction temperature of deodorizing process was 160 degree celcius. Palm kernel oil quality processed by vacuum deodorizer tested e.g. free fatty acid (FFA) was 0,03%, peroxide number was 3,03 meq/kg, moisture content was 0,94%,anisidin number was 3,97, and color were yellow and red (0,4 and 7). It means that those results of refined palm kernel oil caracteristics meet the standard required.
(Study for production of Acetylated Pectin as raw material for Bioplastic Films) -, Rienoviar; Setiati Achmadi, Suminar
Warta Industri Hasil Pertanian Vol 27, No 01 (2010)
Publisher : Balai Besar Industri Agro

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The study was aim at obtaining the optimal acetylation and activation time for obtaining water insoluble acetylated pectin which would be used for bioplastic material. The activation time for swelling of pectin were 120, 180, and 240 minutes, meanwhile the acetylation time were 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The experiment revealed that the activation time of 180 minutes and acetylation time of 120, 180, and 240 minutes, meanwhile the acetlylation time were of 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The experiment revealed that the activation time of 180 minutes and acetylation time 120 minute, produced water insoluble (hydrophobic) material were diluted in dimethly sulfoxide, and the highest actyl subsitution was 62.9% (wb). Infrared spectrospic analysis indicated that the absoption band of pectin and the acetylated pectin were different at wave number 1743 cm1 of which the ester group of the material can be detected. The analysis of pectin acetate structure by stereophotomicroscope revealed that the highest surface density was resulted from activation time and acetylation time of 120 minutes. Moreover, the best result of the bioplastic sheet of pectin acetate was produced by using pressure of 100 Psi at temperature of 100oC for 5 minutes pressure.
Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Maserasi terhadap Komponen Volatil yang Terlibat pada Ekstraksi Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) Ramadhani Meutia, Yuliasri; Ima Arie Wardayanie, Ning; -, Rienoviar; Mahardini, Titin; Wirawan, Indera
Warta Industri Hasil Pertanian Vol 32, No 01 (2015)
Publisher : Balai Besar Industri Agro

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Abstract

Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) merupakan tanaman rempah khas Sumatera Utara yang banyak digunakan sebagai bumbu masak karena memiliki citarasa yang khas. Selain itu andaliman memiliki beberapa manfaat antara lain sebagai antimikroba, antioksidan dan sebagai immunomodulator. Studi mengenai pengaruh proses ekstraksi terhadap komponen flavor andaliman telah dilakukan, namun belum ada yang melihat pengaruh suhu dan waktu maserasi  terhadap komponen flavor pada ekstrak yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh suhu dan waktu maserasi terhadap komponen volatil yang terlibat di dalamnya. Andaliman diekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol dan etil asetat (1:1) pada suhu ruang dan pada suhu 40 °C selama 2 jam, 4 jam, dan 6 jam. Hasil ekstraksi dianalisis komponen volatilnya dengan menggunakan GC-MS dilanjutkan dengan analisis komponen aroma yang terdeskripsikan dengan GC-O. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komponen flavor utama yang dihasilkan dari proses ekstraksi andaliman dengan maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol: etil asetat (1:1) pada suhu ruang didominasi oleh  senyawa geranyl acetate meskipun setelah 6 jam maserasi terjadi dominasi D-Limonene menggantikan dominasi geranyl acetate. Maserasi pada suhu 40 °C juga menunjukkan geranyl acetate sebagai komponen volatil dominan pada 2 jam maserasi. Setelah 4 jam maserasi 40 °C, citronellol merupakan komponen volatil dominan, sedangkan setelah 6 jam maserasi 40 °C komponen volatil yang dominan adalah D-Limonene diikuti oleh geranyl acetate. Suhu maserasi dan waktu pada proses maserasi yang berbeda dapat menyebabkan perubahan pada komponen flavor yang dominan pada ekstrak andaliman. Namun komponen flavor yang dominan pada GC-MS tersebut tidak menunjukkan aroma yang terdeskripsikan pada GC-O. Aroma yang terdeskripsikan dari sniffing port pada andaliman yang dimaserasi pada suhu ruang bervariasi dari andaliman-like, green, flowery, sour, dan earthy. Sedangkan pada andaliman yang dimaserasi pada suhu 40 °C adalah aroma flowery, green, sweet, and spicy lebih banyak terdeskripsikan. Hal ini dapat menunjukkan bahwa suhu maserasi  dapat mempengaruhi aroma yang terdeskripsikan dengan menggunakan GC-O.
Co-Authors Alamsyah, Rizal Ima Arie Wardayanie, Ning Mahardini, Titin Mitha Mala, Dheni Ramadhani Meutia, Yuliasri SUMINAR SETIATI ACHMADI Wirawan, Indera