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REDISTILAT ASAP CAIR DARI CANGKANG KELAPA SAWT DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI KOAGULAN KARET ALAM Achmadi, Suminar Setiati; Cifriadi, Adi; Hidayah, Muhana Nurul
Jurnal Penelitian Karet JPK : Volume 33, Nomor 2, Tahun 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Karet - PT. Riset Perkebunan Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/ppk.jpk.v33i2.183

Jumlah limbah cangkang kelapa sawit yang setiap tahunnya terus bertambah akibat peningkatan produksi minyak sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan asap cair. Kandungan asam dalam asap cair berpotensi sebagai koagulan karet alam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendistilasi ulang asap cair pada suhu 80, 90, and 100ÂºCdan menguji sifat koagulasiÂ redistilat dibandingkan dengan asam format sebagai koagulan komersial. Dari proses redistilasi di setiap suhu, 2 tampungan redistilat terkumpul. Tampungan pertama dikumpulkan pada 5 menit pertama dan tampungan kedua dikumpulkan pada 5 menit berikutnya. Sebanyak 5 L redistilat diperoleh dari tiap tampungan. Uji sifat fisik pada lembaran karet menunjukkan bahwa redistilat 100ÂºC dari tampungan kedua disarankan untuk digunakan sebagai koagulan karet alam karena menghasilkan nilai plastisitas Wallace yang memenuhi standar dan memiliki nilai indeks retensi plastisitas yang memenuhi persyaratan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Redistilat tidak terbukti dapat mencegah proses pengerasan karet selama penyimpanan.Â Diterima : 28 April 2015; Direvisi : 6 Juli 2015; Disetujui : 3 Agustus 2015 Â How to Cite : Achmadi, S., Cifriadi, A., & Hidayah, M. N. (2015). Redistilat asap cair dari cangkang kelapa sawt dan aplikasinya sebagai koagulan karet alam. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(2), 183-192. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/183

(Study for production of Acetylated Pectin as raw material for Bioplastic Films) -, Rienoviar; Setiati Achmadi, Suminar
Warta Industri Hasil Pertanian Vol 27, No 01 (2010)
Publisher : Balai Besar Industri Agro

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5216.009 KB)

The study was aim at obtaining the optimal acetylation and activation time for obtaining water insoluble acetylated pectin which would be used for bioplastic material. The activation time for swelling of pectin were 120, 180, and 240 minutes, meanwhile the acetylation time were 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The experiment revealed that the activation time of 180 minutes and acetylation time of 120, 180, and 240 minutes, meanwhile the acetlylation time were of 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The experiment revealed that the activation time of 180 minutes and acetylation time 120 minute, produced water insoluble (hydrophobic) material were diluted in dimethly sulfoxide, and the highest actyl subsitution was 62.9% (wb). Infrared spectrospic analysis indicated that the absoption band of pectin and the acetylated pectin were different at wave number 1743 cm1 of which the ester group of the material can be detected. The analysis of pectin acetate structure by stereophotomicroscope revealed that the highest surface density was resulted from activation time and acetylation time of 120 minutes. Moreover, the best result of the bioplastic sheet of pectin acetate was produced by using pressure of 100 Psi at temperature of 100oC for 5 minutes pressure.

Perilaku Disolusi Ketoprofen Tersalut Gel Kitosan-Karboksimetilselulosa (CMC) Sugita, Purwantiningsih; Achmadi, Suminar Setiati; Yundhana, Yuyu
Jurnal Natur Indonesia Vol 13, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas Riau

Study dissolution behaviour of ketoprofen through optimum chitosan-CMC microcapsule has been carried out. Into228.6 ml of 1.0% (w/v) chitosan solution in 1% (v/v) acetic acid, 38.1 ml of CMC solution was added with concentrationvariation of 0.075; 0.0875; and 0.10% (w/v). Afterwards, 7.62 mL of glu was added slowly under stirring, withconcentrations varied: 3; 4.5; and 6% (v/v). All mixtures were shaked for 20 minutes for homogenization. Into eachmicrocapsule mixture for ketoprofen, a solution of 2 g of ketoprofen in 250 mL of 96% ethanol was added. Everymixture was then added with 5 ml of 2% Tween-80 and stirred with magnetic stirrer for an hour at room temperature.Conversion of suspension into fine powders/granules (microcapsules) was done by using spray dryer. Thedissolution behaviour of optimum ketoprofen microcapsules were investigated in gastric and intestinal medium.Microcapsule morphology before and after dissolution as well as empty microcapsule (blank) were observed withSEM. Spray drying process had successfully coated ketoprofen in chitosan-CMC microcapsule. Optimization byusing Minitab Release 14 software showed that among the microcapsule compositions studied, CMC and glu of0.0925% (w/v) and 3.01% (v/v), respectively, optimum to coat ketoprofen at constant chitosan concentration 1.0%(w/v). Result of SEM morphology and In vitro dissolution profile showed that ketoprofen in chitosan-CMCmicrocapsule was relatively well than chitosan-guar gum microcapsule. Kinetically, dissolution of ketoprofen frommicrocapsule in intestinal pH condition was first order with release rate constant, k, of 7.285 ï‚´ 10-4 % min-1 andrelease half-time, t1/2, of approximately 15 hours.

Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation of Several Bradyrhizobium japonicum Strains ADE NOOR SYAMSUDIN; TEDJA -IMAS; SUMINAR SETIATI ACHMADI
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 12 No. 3 (2005): September 2005
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Heavy metal utilization in industry and agriculture have caused an environmental problem to existing life. Bioaccumulation is made up by a concentration of certain chemical compounds in living tissues. The objective of this research was to reveal the ability of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of heavy metal Bradyrhizobium japonicum tolerant strains in accumulating heavy metals. The strains used were BDG 10, KDR 10, and KDR 15. The ability of each strains on heavy metal accumulation of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cd were quantitatively determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The result showed that each strains has its own capacity to accumulate heavy metals. Accumulation of Cu (0.100), Pb (0.320), and Cd (0.048) ppm/mg dry weight by KDR 10 seem higher than BDG 10 and KDR 15. The highest accumulation of Zn and Ni was shown by KDR 15 in which the value were 0.360 and 0.165 ppm/mg dry weight, respectively and the least accumulation of all heavy metal studied was shown by BDG 10.

Evaluasi Ciri Mekanis Dan Fisis Bioplastik Dari Campuran Poli (Asam Laktat) Dengan Polisakarida Raffi Paramawati; Christofora Hanny Wijaya; Suminar Setiati Achmadi; Suliantari Suliantari
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2007): Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia
Publisher : Institut Pertanian Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (256.964 KB)

The study was aimed to evaluate physical and mechanical characteristics of blend of polylactic acid (PLA)and four types of polysaccharides, namely carrageenan, agar, tapioca, and garut starch. Agar and carrageenanshowed their ability to blend well with the PLA at a temperature of approximately 60ac, which was easilyobserved. Film sheets that were casted manually with better properties needed additives of triethanolamine oroleic acid, in terms of tensile strength, elastic modulus, and percent elongation at break which were categorizedas medium compared to other biodegradable plastics. Microstructure of the selected film revealed irregularformation of surface or amorphous, indicating that these films cannot be stored for a long period of time.

SINTESIS PATI JAGUNG TERFOSFORILASI MELALUI TEKNIK GELOMBANG MIKRO [Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Phosphorylated Corn Starch] Atep Dian Supardan; Suminar Setiati Achmadi; Tun Tedja Irawadi
Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan Vol. 25 No. 1 (2014): Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, IPB Indonesia bekerjasama dengan PATPI

SINTESIS PATI JAGUNG TERFOSFORILASI MELALUI TEKNIK GELOMBANG MIKRO [Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Phosphorylated Corn Starch] Atep Dian Supardan*, Suminar Setiati Achmadi dan Tun Tedja Irawadi Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor Diterima 28 Maret 2013 / Disetujui 24 Februari 2014ABSTRACT Phosphorylated starch is a type of modified starches which is mostly imported. Commonly, starch to be modified must contain more than 25% of amylose. This study aimed to synthesize phosphorylated starch and evaluate its potency as a heavy metal adsorbent. Corn starch was subjected to phosphorylation through microwave-assisted reaction with a mixture of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate. The experiment was designed to optimize the pH, microwave radiation power, and phosphorylation time. The results showed that the maximum phosphate subtitution degree was obtained at pH of 6, microwave radiation of 500 W, and a reaction time of 10 minutes. The degree of subtitution ranged from 0.567 to 0.787. The physicochemical properties of the product i.e. swelling capacity, solubility, water binding capacity, and paste clarity were significantly different than that of the unmodified corn starch. The infrared spectrum showed a high peak absorption at the wavelength of 1651 cm-1, indicating hydrogen bond formation of phosphoric group-water- phosphoric group. In the fingerprint area, there were two new absorption peaks at 1200 and 990 cm-1, which were assigned for the P=O and C-O-P vibrations, respectively. The phosphorylated corn starch adsorbed methylene blue up to 73.3% and mercury up to 73.6%, suggesting the prospect of the microwave-assisted synthetic phosphorylated corn starch as an effective adsorbent for heavy metals.

REDISTILAT ASAP CAIR CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGAWET BAKSO SAPI Suminar Setiati Achmadi; Harsi Dewantari Kusumaningrum; Ihsan Anggara
Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan Vol. 26 No. 1 (2015): Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan
Publisher : Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, IPB Indonesia bekerjasama dengan PATPI

Liquid smoke has been used to extend the shelf life of food. However, its composition varies considerably depending on the type of raw materials used and preparation precedure. Liquid smoke derived from palm oil shell is potential due to the abundance of its byproduct sources in the palm oil industry. This study thus aims to prepare the best fraction of liquid smoke that can extend the shelf life of beef meatballs at room temperature. The raw liquid smoke was redistilled at 80, 90, and 100°C and was used as an ingredient in the beef meatballs production. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identification showed that there were no harmful compounds such as derivatives of tar and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Liquid smoke produced from redistillation at 80°C had the best result for providing higher acid value and lower pH, i.e. 5.14% and 2.26, respectively. The LC50 value of the redistilled liquid smoke in brine shrimp lethality assay was 0.16%. Inhibition zones of 0.1 and 0.8% redistilled liquid smoke on the antibacterial test against Staphylococcus aureus were both 6.10 mm, while the zones of inhibition for Escherichia coli were 0 and 7.0 mm, respectively. These resulting inhibition zones were less effective than that of 100 ppm chloramphenicol, i.e. 14.2 mm on S. aureus and 12.6 mm on E. coli. The usage of redistilled liquid smoke at concentration of 0.8% in meatballs was found to inhibit total microbial growth greater than that of the addition at 0.1%. Moreover, the addition of redistilled liquid smoke inhibited the growth of microbial up to 18 hours at room temperature.

Modulasi Pola Fermentasi Rumen dan Emisi Gas Metana dari Penambahan Ekstrak Lerak pada Silase Gamal (MODULATION OF RUMEN FERMENTATION AND METHANE EMISSION BY LERAK EXTRACT ADDITION TO GLIRICIDIA SILAGE) Pristian Yuliana; Erika Budiarti Laconi; Anuraga Jayanegara; Suminar Setiati Achmadi; Anjas Asmara Samsudin
Jurnal Veteriner Vol 20 No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University and Published in collaboration with the Indonesia Veterinarian Association

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lerak fruit extract (Sapindus rarak) addition to leguminous gamal silage (Gliricidia sepium) on methane emission, rumen fermentation pattern, and rumen microbial population in vitro. In vitro rumen fermentation was designed according to a randomized complete block design with four replicates and consisted of 3 treatments, i.e. (1) gamal silage without lerak extract addition, (2) gamal silage + lerak extract 2% (w/w), and (3) gamal silage + lerak extract 4% (w/w). The measured parameters were chemical composition, saponin content, gas production, ammonia, methane, volatile fatty acid (VFA), and rumen microbial population. Results showed that the addition of 4% lerak extract increased gas production after 24 and 48 h, increased organic matter digestibility of gamal silage, increased propionate and decreased methane emission as compared to control treatment (P<0.05). Addition of lerak extract tended to reduce methanogen population and total protozoa in the rumen in vitro. Lerak extract at level 2% significantly increased ammonia concentration (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the addition of lerak extract at level 4% to gamal silage can increase gas production, organic matter digestibility and proportion of propionate, reduce methane emission, and tend to reduce metanogen population and total protozoa in the rumen in vitro.

(Study for production of Acetylated Pectin as raw material for Bioplastic Films) Rienoviar -; Suminar Setiati Achmadi
Warta Industri Hasil Pertanian Vol 27, No 01 (2010)
Publisher : Balai Besar Industri Agro

The study was aim at obtaining the optimal acetylation and activation time for obtaining water insoluble acetylated pectin which would be used for bioplastic material. The activation time for swelling of pectin were 120, 180, and 240 minutes, meanwhile the acetylation time were 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The experiment revealed that the activation time of 180 minutes and acetylation time of 120, 180, and 240 minutes, meanwhile the acetlylation time were of 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The experiment revealed that the activation time of 180 minutes and acetylation time 120 minute, produced water insoluble (hydrophobic) material were diluted in dimethly sulfoxide, and the highest actyl subsitution was 62.9% (wb). Infrared spectrospic analysis indicated that the absoption band of pectin and the acetylated pectin were different at wave number 1743 cm1 of which the ester group of the material can be detected. The analysis of pectin acetate structure by stereophotomicroscope revealed that the highest surface density was resulted from activation time and acetylation time of 120 minutes. Moreover, the best result of the bioplastic sheet of pectin acetate was produced by using pressure of 100 Psi at temperature of 100oC for 5 minutes pressure.

REDISTILAT ASAP CAIR DARI CANGKANG KELAPA SAWT DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI KOAGULAN KARET ALAM Suminar Setiati Achmadi; Adi Cifriadi; Muhana Nurul Hidayah
Jurnal Penelitian Karet JPK : Volume 33, Nomor 2, Tahun 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian Karet - PT. Riset Perkebunan Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/ppk.jpk.v33i2.183

Jumlah limbah cangkang kelapa sawit yang setiap tahunnya terus bertambah akibat peningkatan produksi minyak sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan asap cair. Kandungan asam dalam asap cair berpotensi sebagai koagulan karet alam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendistilasi ulang asap cair pada suhu 80, 90, and 100ºCdan menguji sifat koagulasi redistilat dibandingkan dengan asam format sebagai koagulan komersial. Dari proses redistilasi di setiap suhu, 2 tampungan redistilat terkumpul. Tampungan pertama dikumpulkan pada 5 menit pertama dan tampungan kedua dikumpulkan pada 5 menit berikutnya. Sebanyak 5 L redistilat diperoleh dari tiap tampungan. Uji sifat fisik pada lembaran karet menunjukkan bahwa redistilat 100ºC dari tampungan kedua disarankan untuk digunakan sebagai koagulan karet alam karena menghasilkan nilai plastisitas Wallace yang memenuhi standar dan memiliki nilai indeks retensi plastisitas yang memenuhi persyaratan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Redistilat tidak terbukti dapat mencegah proses pengerasan karet selama penyimpanan. Diterima : 28 April 2015; Direvisi : 6 Juli 2015; Disetujui : 3 Agustus 2015 How to Cite : Achmadi, S., Cifriadi, A., & Hidayah, M. N. (2015). Redistilat asap cair dari cangkang kelapa sawt dan aplikasinya sebagai koagulan karet alam. Jurnal Penelitian Karet, 33(2), 183-192. Retrieved from http://ejournal.puslitkaret.co.id/index.php/jpk/article/view/183

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