Bambang Agus Darwanto
STBA LIA Yogyakarta

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Morphological Marking Irregularity of Bahasa Indonesia and the Acquisition of English Words Bambang Agus Darwanto; Pratomo Widodo; Hesthi Heru Satoto
Celt: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching & Literature Vol 20, No 2: December 2020, Nationally Accredited
Publisher : Soegijapranata Catholic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24167/celt.v21i1.2743

Abstract

Abstract: All languages share the same lexical categories such as verb, noun, adjective, and adverb. Unlike English, however, Bahasa Indonesia carries fewer consistent patterns of morphological markers for word categories. A verb, for instance, is marked with the prefix {me-} as in me-nginjak (to step on); however, other verbs do not carry this marker as in makan (eat), tidur (sleep), and tergantung (depend). As for English, the suffix {-ing} or {-ed/-en}, for instance, indicates that the root is a verb regardless of the verb transitivity. This research investigated if the irregularity in the morphological marking of Bahasa Indonesia verbs created problems in acquiring English words. A test of the "word category assignment" (Test 1) was provided to two groups of respondents: undergraduate students of English and doctoral students of Bahasa Indonesia. A "word-in-context translation into English" (Test 2) was given to a group of undergraduates of English. The first was to know if the respondents managed to assign the Bahasa Indonesia words with correct lexical categories, and the second was to know if the words were assigned with correct word categories when translated in English. This was to know if the Bahasa Indonesia and English words received the same word-category. The results show that errors in the assignment of the grammatical categories of the Bahasa Indonesia words were found pervasive among the two groups. And the lexico-grammar behavior seems to give impact on the categorization of the Bahasa Indonesia words when provided in English as also detected in the translation. It is strongly indicative that confusion in the word category assignment of Bahasa Indonesia gives impact on the acquisition of English words.Key words: morphological markers, suffix, word category, language transfer, lexico-grammarAbstrak: Semua bahasa memiliki kategori leksikal yang sama seperti verba, nomina, adjektiva, dan adverbia. Tidak seperti bahasa Inggris, Bahasa Indonesia memiliki pola penanda morfologi yang lebih sedikit untuk kategori kata. Kata kerja, misalnya, ditandai dengan awalan {me} seperti pada me-nginjak; namun verba lain tidak memiliki penanda ini seperti pada makan, tidur, dan tergantung. Sedangkan bahasa Inggris, misalnya sufiks {-ing} atau {-ed /-en}, akar kata (root) adalah kata kerja terlepas dari kata kerja transitivitas. Penelitian ini mencari tahu apakah ketidakteraturan dalam penandaan morfologi kata kerja Bahasa Indonesia menimbulkan masalah dalam mempelajari kata dalam bahasa Inggris. Tes "tugas kategori kata" (Tes 1) diberikan kepada dua kelompok responden: mahasiswa sarjana Bahasa Inggris dan mahasiswa doktoral Bahasa Indonesia. Tes "terjemahan kata-dalam-konteks ke dalam bahasa Inggris" (Tes 2) diberikan kepada sekelompok mahasiswa dari kelompok bahasa Inggris. Tes pertama untuk mengetahui apakah responden berhasil menentukan kata-kata dalam Bahasa Indonesia dengan kategori leksikal yang benar, dan tes kedua untuk mengetahui apakah kata-kata tersebut diberi kategori kata yang benar ketika diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggris. Tujuan kedua tes tersebut untuk mengetahui apakah kata-kata dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris memiliki kategori kata yang sama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan dalam pengkategorian gramatikal kata-kata Bahasa Indonesia ditemukan di kedua kelompok. Perilaku lexico-grammar berdampak pada kategorisasi kata-kata dalam Bahasa Indonesia jika diberikan dalam bahasa Inggris seperti yang ditemukan dalam terjemahan. Hal ini menjadi indikasi kuat bahwa kebingungan dalam penetapan kategori kata dalam Bahasa Indonesia berdampak pada pembelajaran kata dalam bahasa Inggris.Kata kunci: penanda morfologi, sufiks, kategori kata, transfer bahasa, lexico-grammar
THE NEEDS ANALYSIS FOR AMPLIFYING EXTRAMURAL ENGLISH LEARNING AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF ENGLISH IN INDONESIA Agus Darwanto; Ririn Sotyarini
Conscientia Vol. 18 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asing LIA Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (378.209 KB)

Abstract

ABSTRACT This research was to investigate rates of extramural English (EE) activities among college students of English in an EFL (English as a foreign language) context of Indonesia correlated with several factors such as perceived English competence, genders, and amount of use of different language skills. As many as 161 respondents from 7 English departments across Indonesia took part in this research by responding to a set of questionnaires developed in Google Forms and distributed to the student respondents through WhatsApp groups, emails, and Facebook with the help of their lecturers. The results indicate that first, all respondents did EE activities with various degrees of intensity with a similar pattern of choice activities across levels of students’ perceived English competence. Second, EE receptive skill activities were more frequently practiced than productive ones. When all skills are correlated against perceived competence, the reading showed the highest value of the correlation index (0.612). Reading activities also were the most practiced regardless of the level of competence. This research also found that male students were more active in EE use. Next, most respondents showed more frequency of online EE activities than offline ones. They did not, however, do much face-to-face (FTF) communication when outside the classroom. In this respect, providing more motivation and more frequency for virtual EE practice should be necessary to promote beyond EE use. School’s recognition of students’ EE activities thus beyond classroom learning, has to be enabled. This way, a composite model of formal-informal learning will help the process of the acquisition of English to the maximum. Keywords: out-of-class; extramural English; levels of competence; language skills; navigating skills
SUNGKAN, A JAVANESE CULTURAL TRAIT AND THE WILLINGNESS TO SPEAK (WTS) AMONG JAVANESE LEARNERS OF ENGLISH B. Agus Darwanto
Conscientia Vol. 18 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Bahasa Asing LIA Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58364/conscientia.v18i2.64

Abstract

This research was intended to examine if a Javanese cultural trait “sungkan” affects students’ willingness to speak (WTS) in English. Questionnaires of closed and open-ended questions were distributed to obtain information around sungkan and its association with WTS from 12 lecturers (the group of seniors) and 15 college students of English (the group of juniors). The amount of sungkan and WTS in English in different speaking events was determined. The results, first, show that unlike the juniors, the seniors still dearly hold sungkan. When fronted with events that signified the importance of the practice of sungkan, the senior repondents outperformed the juniors in adhering to the cultural trait. Second, for both groups, sungkan proves to affect their WTS in L2 (English) especially with the seniors, the well-acquainted speaking partners, and the people of power. The more distant the status is, the more sungkan is observed and if less or no personal identification is detected, less sungkan is pronounced and the WTS in L2 (English) increases. In conclusion, the rate of sungkan correlates with the level of WTS among these Javanese learners of English.