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Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Pneumonia Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sidorejo Kota Pagar Alam Sugihartono Sugihartono; Pasiyan Rahmatullah; Nurjazuli Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 11, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.11.1.82-86

Background : Pneumonia is an infectious disease that remains a public health problem in Indonesia, the third cause of death in Indonesia after cardiovascular and tuberculosis. The high incidence of pneumonia mainly attacks in the age group of infants and children under five years old. In Pagar Alam city in 2009, there were 671 cases (IR = 4.9%). The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between the house physical environment factor and individual faktor of children with pneumonia incidence in working area of Public Health Center, Sidorejo, Pagar Alam city. Method: This research was an observational study using case control design. While variables studied among other things are nutritional status, immunization status, history of breastfeeding, type of house flooring, proportion of bedroom ventilation, occupancy density, the presence of smoking family members, type of fuel used for cooking, the presence of family members suffering from respiratory tract infections. Subject of the research consists of two groups, namely case group and control group, each of which is consisting of 54 subjects. Data was collected by interview, observation, and measurement. Data analysis used analysis of univariate, bivariate with chi square, and multivariate with logistic regression, using a significant level of 0.05 (5%) to determine the risk of the independent variables on the dependent variables and the estimation of the risk (odds ratio) of the cause of pneumonia incidence on children under five years old. Result : The results of this research show that of the 9 risk factors studied, there are 3 variables with the risk of the incidence of pneumonia on children under five years old, namely a history of breastfeeding (OR = 8.958, 95% CI : 2.843 - 28.232), type of house floor (OR = 10.528, 95% CI : 2.612 - 42.441) and the presence of smoking family members (OR 8.888, 95% CI : 1.738 - 45.437). The variable at greatest risk of pneumonia incidence on children under five years old is type of house flooring. In conclusion, this research indicates that nutrition status, immunization status, breastfeeding history, type of house flooring, size of room ventilation, occupancy density, type of fuel used for cooking, and the presence of smoking family members are closely related to the incidence of pneumonia. Key words: pneumonia, children under five years old, physical environment of housing, Pagar Alam city

Hubungan Paparan Pestisida Dengan Kandungan Arsen (As) Dalam Urin dan Kejadian Anemia (Studi : Pada Petani Penyemprot Pestisida di Kabupaten Brebes) Elanda Fikri; Onny Setiani; Nurjazuli Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 11, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.11.1.29-37

Background : Brebes as the largest users of pesticides (insecticide and fungicide) in Indonesia, have potential for the occurrence of pesticide poisoning which will give effect on health. Impacts of pesticide exposure with the incidence of anemia using indicators arsenic (As) in urine has not been known. This research aimed to identify association between pesticide exposure with the level of arsenic (As) in urine and incidence of anemia. Methods : this research was an observational research using a cross sectional design, with 32 samples farmer were taken by purposive sampling. Data levels of arsenic in urine in a test using spectrophotometry, while the haemoglobin concentration measured by Hemocue Hb201+, and for other data obtained by interview. Data analysis performed using Kendall-tau test (α = 0.05). Result : study showed level of arsenic (As) still below threshold limit value (NAB=<35 µg/l), the highest = 14.45 µg/l, the lowest = 1.40 µg/l, mean= 5.1137 µg/l and SD=3.271. While hemoglobin concentration with the results of five respondents (+) anemia, the highest=16.8 gr%, the lowest=11.3 gr%, mean= 14.159 gr% and SD=1.069. Statistical test results showed there was no significant association between doses of pesticides (p-value: 0.232), combinations of pesticides (p-value: 0.532), working hour/day (p-value: 0.797), duration of working (p-value: 0.515) and intensity of spraying (p-value: 0.834) with the level of arsenic (As) in urine and incidence of anemia (p-value: 0.152). T-test results showed average levels of arsenic (As) tend to be higher in respondents with duration of working (> 3 years) and working hour/day (≥ 3 hours/day) exposed to pesticides. Conclusion : The small sample size and indication of long term exposure is a potential factor in strengthening the conclusion there was no significant association between pesticides exposure, level of arsenic (As) in urine and incidence of anemia. Key words : Anemia, Arsenic, Pesticides Exposure

Studi Kondisi Lingkungan Rumah dan Perilaku Masyarakat Sebagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Filariasis di Kecamatan Buaran dan Tirto Kabupaten Pekalongan Yudi Syuhada; Nurjazuli Nurjazuli; Nur Endah Wahyuningsih
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 11, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.11.1.95-101

Background: Filariasis is contagious disease that caused by microfilaria and fillaria parasite and it transmitted by mosquito bite. Indonesia is endemic fillariasis with high cases of Filariasis (Mf rate) 3,2%. Buaran and Tirto district In 2010, is endemic filariasis area, with microfilariasis cases as 1,9% and 2,3%. The microfilaria will infected the limfatic and evoke filariasis limfatic. Aim: To describe and to find out the relationships between: environmental and behaviour risk with the filariasis cases. Methode: This research used case control design with 52 cases and control. Risk factor that include is crowded house, existence of disch, water plant, marsh, rice field, dampoess, gaste at ventilation, livestock in a home, habit to use certain, to use use remedy agains grists, to stay out of the house in the night. Analisis mothede with univariat, bivariat and multivariate technique. Result: The result of the research showed that crowded house (OR=3,364), existence of gauze at ventilation (OR=3,600), existence livestock in home (OR=2,644), habit using mosquito spraying/coil (OR=2,956), habit of staying outside the house in the night (OR=3,576), is meaningful be fillariasis infection. The result of multivariate analysis found that the most potent variable that influent filariasis was existence crowded house, existence of gaste at ventilation, existence livestock in a home, habit of using anti mosquito drug , habit to stay out of the house in the night. Conclusion: That crowded house, existence of gaste at ventilation, existence livestock in a home, habit to use remedy agains grists, habit to stay out of the house in the night is risk factor that the most dominant for fillariasis infection. Key Words : environmental, behavioral, fillariasis, Pekalongan regency

Analisis Spasial Sebaran Kasus Tuberkulosis Paru Ditinjau Dari Faktor Lingkungan Dalam dan Luar Rumah di Kabupaten PekalonganAnalisis Spasial Sebaran Kasus Tuberkulosis Paru Ditinjau Dari Faktor Lingkungan Dalam dan Luar Rumah di Kabupaten Pekalongan Bambang Ruswanto; Nurjazuli Nurjazuli; Mursid Raharjo
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 11, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.11.1.22-28

Background : Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is caused by “mycobacterium tuberculosis”. In Pekalongan, the prevalence rate of TB is 1,08 per 1000 population. Approximately 75% of those is the economically productive group. No information of TB distribution based on the environmental characteristic. This research aimed to anlyze the association between demographic, physical environment factors and to conduct spatial analysis of regional characteristics that influence the distribution of tuberculosis cases in Pekalongan Regency. Method: It was an observasional research using case control design. Data analysis performed by chi-square (univariate and bivariate analysis). Multivariate analysis uses logistic regression test to determine of risk factors which the association is significant with pulmonary tuberculosis. Result : The statistical test showed that occupancy density, ventilation area, humidity of room in the house, air temperature, natural lighting in the house, kind of floor, air temperature outside the house, knowledge, nutrition status, and contact with the cases (p=0,05). While the result of multivariate analysis proved that there are seven factors which have significantly association with tuberculosis: knowledge, occupancy density, temperature in the home, natural lighting in the house, kind of floor, nutrition status, and contact with cases (OR>1,00). It was recommended to improve thr physical environment of the house, increase investigation and counselling for amily contact in the same house. Keywords: Risk factors, Pulmonary tuberculosis, Spatial analysis

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