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Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Keracunan Merkuri Pada Penambang Emas Tradisional di Desa Jendi Kecamatan Selogiri Kabupaten Wonogiri Sugeng Rianto; Onny Setiani; Budiyono Budiyono
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 11, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.11.1.54-60

Background : Gold mining at Jendi Village, Selogiri Subdistrict, Wonogiri District is artisanal gold mining without a permit/artisanal mining. The activity of gold mining was carried on traditional methode without a good planning techniques and lack of equipments, which is system of underground mines through making tunel and dweel following quartz vein direction that was predicted have a high gold content. The gold mining at Wonogiri District is divided into some groups which can produce gold in 1-2 grams average per day. Processing system use mix-mercury whereas it can be potentially cause environmental pollution and health problems for communities and workers. The goal of research is to analyse factors which is associated with mercury poisoning of gold mining workers at Jendi Village, Selogiri Subdistrict, Wonogiri District. Methods : This research is was an Explanatory Research with cross sectional approach. Sample was selected using systematic probability sampling. The total of samples were taken 60 workers. The research was taken through laboratory investigation mercury level in blood and interview guide, those were exceed than normal standard by WHO analyzed with Chi Square and Logisttic Regression test. Results: The characteristics of respondents are 17-60 years old, 1 month – 29 years worked periode with 1-18 hours per day. From 60 samples, there were 9 workers using masker, 1 worker using glass eye, 23 workers using boots, 9 workers using long clothes and 27 workers never using self personal protection equipment along doing work. There was found no correlation between periode of work, total of mix mercury used in mining and using personal protective equipments with mercury level in blood. The finding 40 people (66,67%) has mercury poisoning. The most influenced variable to the mercury poisoning is working days in a week and working time in a day of the Traditional Gold Miner at Jendi Village, Selogiri Subdistrict, Wonogiri District. Keywords : Mercury poisoning, Workers, Gold mining

Hubungan Paparan Pestisida Dengan Kandungan Arsen (As) Dalam Urin dan Kejadian Anemia (Studi : Pada Petani Penyemprot Pestisida di Kabupaten Brebes) Elanda Fikri; Onny Setiani; Nurjazuli Nurjazuli
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 11, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.11.1.29-37

Background : Brebes as the largest users of pesticides (insecticide and fungicide) in Indonesia, have potential for the occurrence of pesticide poisoning which will give effect on health. Impacts of pesticide exposure with the incidence of anemia using indicators arsenic (As) in urine has not been known. This research aimed to identify association between pesticide exposure with the level of arsenic (As) in urine and incidence of anemia. Methods : this research was an observational research using a cross sectional design, with 32 samples farmer were taken by purposive sampling. Data levels of arsenic in urine in a test using spectrophotometry, while the haemoglobin concentration measured by Hemocue Hb201+, and for other data obtained by interview. Data analysis performed using Kendall-tau test (α = 0.05). Result : study showed level of arsenic (As) still below threshold limit value (NAB=<35 µg/l), the highest = 14.45 µg/l, the lowest = 1.40 µg/l, mean= 5.1137 µg/l and SD=3.271. While hemoglobin concentration with the results of five respondents (+) anemia, the highest=16.8 gr%, the lowest=11.3 gr%, mean= 14.159 gr% and SD=1.069. Statistical test results showed there was no significant association between doses of pesticides (p-value: 0.232), combinations of pesticides (p-value: 0.532), working hour/day (p-value: 0.797), duration of working (p-value: 0.515) and intensity of spraying (p-value: 0.834) with the level of arsenic (As) in urine and incidence of anemia (p-value: 0.152). T-test results showed average levels of arsenic (As) tend to be higher in respondents with duration of working (> 3 years) and working hour/day (≥ 3 hours/day) exposed to pesticides. Conclusion : The small sample size and indication of long term exposure is a potential factor in strengthening the conclusion there was no significant association between pesticides exposure, level of arsenic (As) in urine and incidence of anemia. Key words : Anemia, Arsenic, Pesticides Exposure

Faktor Risiko Lingkungan Fisik Rumah dan Karakteristik Wilayah Sebagai Determinan Kejadian Penyakit Tuberkulosis Paru di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sentani Kabupaten Jayapura Provinsi Papua Andreas Christian Ayomi; Onny Setiani; Tri Joko
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 11, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.11.1.1-8

Background: Lung Tuberculosis is caused by pathogen bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has infected a third of the world population. The incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in industrialized countries for the last 40 years indicates that prevalence rate is very small, whereas 95% of the sufferers in developing countries are approximately 8 million people. They are infected by Pulmonary Tuberculosis with 3 million of death rate per year. Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Indonesia according to WHO (1999 and 2004), is as many as 583,000 cases: 140,000 for death and 13/100.000 people are new patients. Papua province in 2007 has the number of new patients with smear Basil (BTA) (+) amounting 1535 patients, more than half of the patients are those who are between 15-45 years of age or equal to 933 cases. If such a condition continues, Papua Province will lose productive human resources. Methods: This research was aimed to determine risk factors of physical environment in housing and regional characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in the working area of Public Health Centre, Sentani, Jayapura Regency, Papua Province. Type of the study was an observational study with case control approach. Subjects of the research were 106 respondents, consisting of 53 cases and 53 controls. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test, the relationship of risk factors with the occurrence of tuberculosis (by using univariate and bivariate analysis), and then multivariate analysis with logistic regression test. Results: The result of bivariate analysis showed that there is a relationship between factors type of house (p = 0,031), natural lighting (p = 0.004), the existence among of direct sunlight (p = 0.020), house ventilation (p = 0.020), bedroom ventilation (p = 0.003), humidity of bedroom (p = 0.000), temperature of bedroom (p = 0.000), house density (0,004), and type of house floor (0.001), whereas the result of multivariate analysis shows that risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis is bedroom ventilation (OR = 16.949), temperature of bedroom (OR = 8.913), and type of house floor (OR = 4.575), and as protective factor is house ventilation (OR = 0.036). Conclusions: In this research, all of variables studied have significant relationships and 3 variables which are risk factors for the occurrence of tuberculosis, namely, bedroom ventilation, temperature of bedroom, and type of house floor. Key words: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Environmental Characteristics, Regional Characteristics.

Faktor Risiko Lingkungandan Kebiasaan Penduduk Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Filariasis di Distrik Windesi Kabupaten Kepulauan Yapen Provinsi Papua Yulius Sarungu Paiting; Onny Setiani; Sulistiyani Sulistiyani
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 11, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.11.1.76-81

Background : Regency of Kepulauan Yapen through Finger Blood Survey in 2006 was established as a filariasis endemic region. In 2007 started the implementation of mass treatment was held once a year for 5 years. Based on the survey of microfilaria at January 2010, the microfilaria ratewas 2.06%, where the largest number of people was in the District Windesi. Method : The study was an analytic survey with a case control approach. Population was resident in the village of Saruman and Windesi. The determination of the cases and control was done trough screening tests and found 10 cases of Wuchereria bancrofti.The ratio 1: 2, then the number of samples was 30, which was matched by age, sex and type of work. Result : The results were characteristics of filariasis patients, 30% in ≤ 20 year age group (≥ 15 years) and 21-30 years, 50% as farmers, 70% low income level (<Rp. 500,000) and 60% low level education (elementary school). Physical environmental conditions (average temperature of 26.75 0C, humidity of 83.61%, and 275.5 mm of rainfall and wind speed 4.07 knots). Chemical environmental conditions had the average pH of 6.69 and 1.14% salinity.There was significant correlation between presences of a pool of water with the incidence of filariasis.There was not significant correlation between presencesof aquatic plants, habits of using musquito net, hanging clothes, outside the house at night, and conduct environmental management with the incidence of filariasis. The dominant risk factor are existence of forest/bush (p value: 0.027, OR: 9.727; 95% CI: 1.290 to 73.333) and completeness of clothing when tappingof sago (p value: 0.045, OR: 7.327; 95 % CI: 1.048 to 51.213). Someone who lived in a house close to bushes/forest and has a habit of not using fully clothed when tapping of sago, the probability of suffering from filariasis of 79.43%. Keywords : filariasis, environmental risks, habit, Saruman, Windesi

Hubungan Faktor Lingkungan Fisik Rumah dan Respons Terhadap Praktik Pengobatan Strategi DOTS Dengan Penyakit Tb Paru di Kecamatan Tirto Kabupaten Pekalongan Tahun 2010 Setiawan Dwi Antoro; Onny Setiani; Yusniar Hanani Darundiati
Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia Vol 11, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Master Program of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jkli.11.1.68-75

Background : Pulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the prevalence rate of tuberculosis cases in the year 2009 in the district Pekalongan of sub district Tirto 96/100.000%. In the last 3 years from 2007 until 2009 the average monthly case found 9 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. Condition of housing residents who qualify as a healthy house has just reached 49%, has not met the target Ministry of Health, by 80%. This research was to analyze the association between, physical environmental and response to treatment practices with the DOTS strategy of TB pulmonary disease in sub district Tirto Pekalongan District year of 2010. Method : The type of this study is observational analytic study using case control study. Subjects of this study 106 people, consisting of 53 cases and 53 controls. The data were analyzed with chi-square test to determine the description and the relationship of risk factors with disease incidence of tuberculosis (univariate and bivariate analysis), then performed multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Result : The bivariate analysis result found that related to pulmonary tuberculosis were: type of floor in the house (ρ-value = 0.001), type of wall in the house (ρ-value = 0.001), index of ventilation in the house (ρ-value = 0.028), index of ventilation in bedroom (ρ-value = 0.039), ventilation in (stack hole) the kitchen/separation of kitchen and the main house (ρ-value=0.001), solar orientation (natural lighting) in house (p-value =0.025), solar orientation (natural lighting) in bedroom (p-value = 0.020), humidity room in the house (p-value =0.047), density of occupants in the house (p-value = 0.028) and the density of occupants in bedroom (p-value =0,045), knowledge level (p-value =0.014) nutritional status (p-value = 0.002), and response to treatment practices strategy with DOTS (p-value = 0.031).While the results of multivariate analysis are shown as risk factors for disease incidence of tuberculosis were ventilation in (stack hole) the kitchen/ separation of kitchen and the main house (OR= 6.824), type of floor in the house (OR= 3.860), type of house walls (OR =4.138), density of occupancy in bedroom (OR= 2.514), and response to TB treatment practices strategy with the DOTS (OR=2.606). Conclusion : there are five variable significant related to tuberculosis were ventilation in (stack hole) the kitchen/ separation of kitchen and the main house, the type of floor, wall type, occupant density in bedroom and response to TB treatment practices strategy with the DOTS of proven associated with disease incidence of tuberculosis. Keywords: Physical environmental of housing factors, ), Pulmonary tuberculosis, Sstrategy Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS)

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