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All Journal Jurnal Yustitia Resolusi: Jurnal Sosial Politik Caraka Prabu : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum
Iqbal, Firdaus Muhamad
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Humanities Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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HUKUM INTERNASIONAL SEBAGAI PERANGKAT POLITIK : PEMBUATAN PERJANJIAN INTERNASIONAL OLEH PEMERINTAH DAERAH DI INDONESIA Iqbal, Firdaus Muhamad; Irawati, Irawati
Caraka Prabu : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Vol 7 No 2 (2023): Caraka Prabu : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Ahmad Yani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36859/jcp.v7i2.1833

Abstract

Kerja sama antar negara menjadi suatu prasyarat penting bagi sebuah negara dalam mengelola hubungan internasionalnya. Reformasi di Indonesia telah memberikan kewenangan dan otonomi kepada pemerintah daerah untuk mengadakan kerja sama melalui perjanjian internasional sebagai salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan dan memajukan kondisi wilayah mereka. Dalam penelitian ini, metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hukum internasional berperan sebagai alat politik dalam pembentukan perjanjian antar negara. Perjanjian-perjanjian ini menjadi instrumen bagi negara-negara untuk membangun kerja sama dan memperkuat posisi mereka di tingkat internasional. Di Indonesia, dengan adanya otonomi daerah, pemerintah daerah memiliki sejumlah kewenangan untuk menjalin perjanjian internasional di dalam wilayahnya. Namun, kewenangan tersebut terbatas oleh kerangka regulasi hukum dan ruang lingkup pelaksanaannya. Dalam membuat perjanjian internasional, pemerintah daerah tetap harus mematuhi hukum nasional, melibatkan lembaga legislatif setempat, dan memastikan keselarasan dengan kepentingan nasional. Memahami batasan dan kejelasan mengenai kewenangan ini penting guna menjaga keselarasan antara otonomi lokal dan kedaulatan nasional dalam urusan internasional.
LIABILITAS NEGARA ATAS SAMPAH ANTARIKSA OLEH NEGARA PELUNCUR DALAM KEGIATAN KERUANGANGKASAAN BERDASARKAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL Iqbal, Firdaus Muhamad; Oktaviani , Jusmalia
Yustitia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2024): Yustitia
Publisher : Universitas Wiralodra

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31943/yustitia.v10i2.252

Abstract

The era of globalization is characterized by the use of space for various human interests. Many countries launch satellites into space, which causes a new problem: increasing amounts of space waste or space debris. Space debris comes in the form of pieces, fragments, or debris that can have a negative impact on the Earth. Subject to applicable law, the launching country is responsible for any losses incurred from the satellite it launched. However, in practice, it is not easy to determine the state's responsibility for space waste. Therefore, this study aims to explain the complexity between the legal framework and the circumstances in the field. The study uses a juridical-normative approach, with logical analysis as well as sociological and philosophical foundations. The types and sources of data used in this study are secondary data. Data is collected primarily through document study techniques (library research and online research) by inventorying secondary data. The study explains that the country's responsibility for the negative effects of space waste will depend on many factors, making it situational. International efforts are needed to anticipate and arrange mutual agreements to prevent space waste from increasing.
Studi Komparasi Model Kepemimpinan Kepala Negara Ganda dalam Sistem Pemerintahan Diarki di Beberapa Negara Abidin AS, Zaenal; Iqbal, Firdaus Muhamad
Resolusi: Jurnal Sosial Politik Vol 8 No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Department of Political Science - Universitas Sains Al-Qur’an

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32699/resolusi.v8i1.9085

Abstract

A diarchy, or dual head-of-state leadership system, is a governance model in which two individuals jointly exercise the functions of the head of state. This study analyzes the impacts and challenges of the diarchy system in modern contexts by examining its implementation in several countries, including Andorra, San Marino, and Nicaragua. A qualitative methodology was employed, utilizing secondary data analysis through literature reviews, constitutional documents, and related academic sources. The findings demonstrate that the diarchy system offers improved power balance, enhances governmental legitimacy, and fosters administrative efficiency. However, the system also faces challenges, such as potential leadership conflicts, political fragmentation, and the risk of dominance by one leader, which may undermine principles of equality in governance. Furthermore, the application of diarchy in democratic and authoritarian systems yields varied outcomes, depending on the availability of checks and balances. Therefore, the success of a diarchy system hinges on legal frameworks, political traditions, and institutional capacity to maintain governmental stability.
Penerapan Hukum Penyelesaian Sengketa Internasional antara Armenia dengan Azerbaijan dalam Sengketa Nagorno-Karabakh Iqbal, Firdaus Muhamad; Irawati
Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum Volume 5, No 1, July 2025, Jurnal RIset Ilmu Hukum (JRIH)
Publisher : UPT Publikasi Ilmiah Unisba

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29313/jrih.v5i1.7057

Abstract

Abstract. The Nagorno-Karabakh territorial dispute is a conflict in an enclave with a majority Armenian population. This issue originates from World War I, the shifts in Glasnost and Perestroika policies, and the disintegration of the Soviet Union, resulting in both Armenia and Azerbaijan claiming ownership of the region. This paper aims to explore the legal instruments for resolving international disputes, the background of the Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict, and the application of international dispute resolution laws between the parties. Theethodlogy used is a normative juridical approach with secondary data from library research. The study reveals that international legal instruments such as the Hague Conventions, the Versailles Treaty, the League of Nations Covenant, the 1928 Paris Pact, and the United Nations Charter provide normative foundations and peaceful mechanisms for addressing international conflicts. The study also discusses the historical background and dynamics of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, including the involvement of international actors like Russia, Turkey, Iran, the UN, and the OSCE Minsk Group in mediation. Despite numerous peace efforts, military approaches and violence remain part of the final resolution, as seen in armed conflict escalations in 1992, 2016, 2020, and 2023. Abstrak. Konflik sengketa wilayah Nagorno-Karabakh merupakan pertikaian di sebuah enklave dengan mayoritas penduduknya beretnis Armenia. yang berakar dari Perang Dunia I, perubahan kebijakan Glasnost dan Perestroika, serta disintegrasi Uni Soviet yang menyebabkan Armenia dan Azerbaijan saling mengklaim wilayah tersebut. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk menganalisis instrumen hukum penyelesaian sengketa internasional, latar belakang konflik Armenia-Azerbaijan, dan penerapan hukum penyelesaian sengketa internasional antara kedua negara. Metode yang diterapkan adalah yuridis normatif dengan data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil studi menyatakan bahwa instrumen hukum internasional seperti Konvensi Den Haag, Traktat Versailles, Piagam Liga Bangsa-Bangsa, Pakta Paris 1928, dan Piagam Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa 1945 memberikan dasar normatif dan mekanisme damai dalam menyelesaikan konflik internasional. Penelitian ini juga menguraikan latar belakang dan dinamika konflik Nagorno-Karabakh, termasuk peran aktor internasional seperti Rusia, Turki, Iran, PBB, dan OSCE Minsk Group dalam upaya mediasi. Meskipun berbagai upaya damai telah dilakukan, pendekatan militer dan kekerasan masih mendominasi dinamika penyelesaian konflik dalam praktiknya, seperti yang terlihat dalam eskalasi konflik pada tahun 1992, 2016, 2020, dan 2023.
Co-Authors Abidin As, Zaenal Irawati Irawati Irawati Oktaviani , Jusmalia