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All Journal Paediatrica Indonesiana Jurnal Respirasi (JR) Jurnal Ilmu Medis Indonesia
Chafid, Arda Pratama Putra
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Risk factors of tuberculosis in children with adult household tuberculosis contact Setyoningrum, Retno Asih; Maharani, Rizky Arisanti; Hapsari, Rika; Chafid, Arda Pratama Putra
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol. 64 No. 4 (2024): July 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi64.4.2024.287-92

Abstract

Background Since children are more likely than adults to become infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or suffer from tuberculosis (TB), it is important to identify the risk factors of TB in children with adult household TB contacts. Objective To identify the risk factors of TB in children with adult household TB contacts. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Pediatric Respirology Inpatient Ward and Outpatient Clinic at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, using medical records of hospitalized patients from 2010 to 2018. Patients were children below 18 years of age who had a history of adult TB household contact(s). We analyzed age at TB diagnosis, nutritional status, BCG vaccination status, and HIV status as possible risk factors of TB. Results A total of 367 children with adult household TB contacts were included in our study. Age of <5 years (OR 8.38; 95%CI 3.78 to 18.21; P<0.001), severe malnutrition (OR 8.88; 95%CI 1.19 to 66.27, P<0.05), absence of BCG scar (OR 2.96; 95%CI 1.32 to 6.62, P<0.05), and positive HIV status (OR 6.72; 95%CI 1.72-38.49, P<0.05) were risk factors for contracting active TB. Conclusion Age of <5 years, severe malnutrition, absence of BCG scar, and positive HIV status are significant risk factors for active TB in children with adult household TB contacts.
White Blood Cell Count and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Children with Complicated and Uncomplicated Pneumonia Setyoningrum, Retno Asih; Lestari, Sally Rizkita; Sari, Ratih Kumala; Visuddho, Visuddho; Hapsari, Rika; Chafid, Arda Pratama Putra
Jurnal Ilmu Medis Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): September
Publisher : Penerbit Goodwood

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35912/jimi.v4i1.3560

Abstract

Purpose: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among children, particularly those under the age of five. This study aimed to compare white blood cell (WBC) count and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) between children with complicated and uncomplicated pneumonia hospitalized at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. Research methodology: This retrospective study evaluated 49 children hospitalized with CAP from January to October 2021. Pneumonia was diagnosed based on symptoms (fever, cough, dyspnea) and physical findings (tachypnea, chest indrawing, rales). The comparison of WBC count and NLR of children with and without pneumonia complications was made using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Of the 49 patients, 28 (57.1%) were male and 40 (81.6%) were under five years old. The median hospital stay was 7 (Interquartile Range [IQR] 4.5 – 9) days. Nine patients (18.4%) had complications, including pneumothorax (33%) and sepsis (22%). Patients with complications had higher median WBC counts (19.5 [IQR 7.2 – 25.1] vs. 12.7 [IQR 10.7 – 15.7] x103/mm3, p=0.224). Similarly, the median NLR was found higher in the complicated pneumonia group (2.9 [IQR 1.5 – 10.8]) than uncomplicated group (1.7 [IQR 0.9 – 4.4], p=0.178). Limitations: The few sample size and retrospective nature of the study limits the generalizability of the findings. Future studies with larger sample sizes and the inclusion of additional biomarkers are warranted to confirm our findings. Contribution: These trends suggest potential utility of WBC count and NLR as biomarkers for pneumonia severity, warranting further research with larger cohorts.
The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Interleukin-6 and PRESS Score in Children with Pneumonia and Vitamin D Deficiency Setyoningrum, Retno Asih; Kristianto, Wigit; Chafid, Arda Pratama Putra; Hapsari, Rika; Syafa'ah, Irmi
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v11-I.2.2025.107-113

Abstract

Introduction: Pneumonia is a significant health issue in children under 5 years old. Vitamin D may help to reduce childhood mortality, morbidity, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in children with pneumonia, but the evidence is still limited and controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on IL-6 levels and clinical manifestations in children with pneumonia and vitamin D inadequacy. Methods: This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, and double-blinded trial study. Twenty-eight children diagnosed with pneumonia and vitamin D deficiency were enrolled and divided into a supplementation (n=15) or placebo group (n=13). Children were given a single dose (100,000 international units/IU) of vitamin D3 or placebo on the first day of hospitalization. Clinical manifestations were assessed by the Pediatric Respiratory Severity Score (PRESS). Results: The level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D3), IL-6, and PRESS score at baseline showed no significant difference between groups. Seven days post-supplementation, only the PRESS score showed a significant difference between groups (p=0.025). Analysis of the vitamin D3 group showed a significantly increased 25-OH D3 level and a reduced PRESS score (p=0.039 and p=0.02, respectively). Conclusion: A single high dose of vitamin D3 supplementation in children with pneumonia and inadequate vitamin D levels helps elevate 25-OH D3 levels and reduce clinical manifestations, as indicated by the PRESS score.
Co-Authors Hapsari, Rika Kristianto, Wigit Lestari, Sally Rizkita Maharani, Rizky Arisanti Ratih Kumala Sari, Ratih Kumala Retno Asih Setyoningrum Syafa'ah, Irmi Visuddho, Visuddho