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HE DID NOT DESCEND INTO HELL: An Appeal for Scripture Exegesis Karl Barth and Wayne Grudem Munir, Tjerlang; Susanto, Johanes Lilik
MAHABBAH: Journal of Religion and Education Vol 4, No 1 (2023): MAHABBAH: Journal of Religion and Education, Vol.4, No.1 (January 2023)
Publisher : Scriptura Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47135/mahabbah.v4i1.76

Abstract

The theory of the descent into hell, which holds that after his crucifixion, Jesus went into the realm of the dead to free the souls of the righteous who died before his resurrection, has been a source of contention in Christian theology throughout history. Some theologians and researchers have recently questioned the conventional reading of the relevant scripture texts, claiming that the fall into hell is neither required nor true teaching. In this study, we will argue for a careful and responsible interpretation of the key biblical passages to discern the genuine meaning of the fall into hell. I'll start by looking at the doctrine's historical and theological backdrop as well as its evolution in the early church. Then, using 1 Peter 3:19–20, Ephesians 4:8–10, and Acts 2:27–31 as examples, I will examine the scriptural verses that have been used to support or dispute the notion. I'll look at the passages' linguistic, literary, and theological characteristics, as well as their intertextual and cultural context. Based on this exegetical examination, we will argue that the notion of the descent into hell is a theological inference or hypothesis based on a combination of scriptural and non-scriptural sources rather than a necessary or explicit doctrine in the Bible.
Menyingkap Perbedaan Mendasar: Evangelikalisme Dan Fundamentalisme – Tidak Serupa Meskipun Terkait Timotius, Timotius; Sni, Ofriana; Susanto, Johanes Lilik; Bintoro, Wahyu; Dewi, Setia
Indonesian Journal of Religious Vol. 5 No. 2 (2022): Indonesian Journal of Religious, Vol.5, No.2 (October 2022)
Publisher : LPPM - Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Indonesia Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/ijr.v5i2.23

Abstract

This writing explains the frequent misunderstanding that many evangelical figures who still like to call themselves Fundamentals, are unable to distinguish between the Evangelical and Fundamentalist movements to seem to be the same as the Fundamentalistic. Evangelical movements are different from fundamentalist movements. These evangelicals have emerged since the early 20th century as a reaction to the rejection of Modern/Liberal Theology. Fundamentalism is a movement that emphasizes the preservation of the truth of doctrine and beliefs that are considered fundamental to religion. Fundamentalists believe that religious teachings should be preserved in their original form and should not undergo adaptation or reinterpretation. They tend to be skeptical of social and cultural changes that are considered contrary to their religious beliefs and principles. Fundamentalism is often identified with a rigid attitude and rejection of modernist approaches in theology and religious life. In this article, the author uses the qualitative method of literary research as a reference in describing the problems studied. The outcome of the authors would show that the Evangelical is not the same as the fundamentalist so the equation caused by the lack of understanding of the Evangelistic can be explained.   Tulisan ini untuk menjelaskan akan kesalahpahaman yang sering terjadi dimana banyak tokoh Evangelikal masih suka menyebut dirinya sendiri Fundamentalis, mereka tidak bisa membedakan antara gerakan Evangelikal dan Fundamentalis sehingga seolah-olah gerakan Evangelikal sama dengan Fundamentalis. Padahal gerakan Evangelikal berbeda dengan Fundamentalis. Kaum Evangelical ini muncul sejak awal abad ke-20 sebagai reaksi penolakan terhadap Teologi Modern/Liberal. Sedangkan Fundamentalisme adalah gerakan yang menekankan pemeliharaan kebenaran doktrin dan keyakinan yang dianggap mendasar (fundamental) bagi agama. Para fundamentalis percaya bahwa ajaran-ajaran agama harus dijaga dalam bentuk aslinya dan tidak boleh mengalami penyesuaian atau reinterpretasi. Mereka cenderung bersikap skeptis terhadap perubahan sosial dan budaya yang dianggap bertentangan dengan keyakinan dan prinsip-prinsip agama mereka. Fundamentalisme sering kali diidentifikasi dengan sikap yang kaku dan penolakan terhadap pendekatan modernis dalam teologi dan kehidupan beragama. Dalam artikel ini,  penulis memakai metode kualitatif yaitu penelitian literatur  sebagai  acuan dalam  mendeskripsikan masalah yang  dikaji. Hasil akhir penulis akan menunjukkan bahwa Evangelikal tidak sama dengan fundamentalis sehingga penyamaan yang disebabkan oleh kurang mengertinya tentang Evangelikal bisa dijelaskan.