Mohamed, Muhammad Azimuddin
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Analysis of Human Cloning from the Perspectives of Natural Law, Legal Positivism, and Utilitarianism Putra, Eduard Awang Maha; Pratama, Febrian Rizki; Mohamed, Muhammad Azimuddin
Lex Journal: Kajian Hukum & Keadilan Vol 8 No 1 (2024): July
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Dr. Soetomo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25139/lex.v8i1.8774

Abstract

Today cloning has become “the hottest topic” in biotechnology and biomedical studies. The earliest opening questions about human cloning are: Will human cloning become normative on this planet? This seems to be a very simple question, but it is not enough to answer yes or no, it requires deep thinking. The purpose of this research is to analyze the issue of human cloning from the perspective of natural law, legal positivism, and utilitarianism. This research uses an interdisciplinary approach to explore different perspectives in answering the issue at hand. The results show that from the perspective of natural law, human cloning shows that humans have transcended their nature as creatures created by God and instead want to step over God as the creator of all life. While in the perspective of legal positivism, if cloning is done without going through a legal marriage process and can use eggs and any cells other than sperm from the husband and wife concerned, it is very clear that cloning of humans is contrary to or violates positive law in Indonesia (Health Law and Government Regulation on Reproductive Health). Then in the perspective of utilitarianism, the goal of Utilitarian theory can indeed be achieved because cloning can in fact avoid humans from distress or suffering, but this is only for some individuals because cloning does not provide benefits or happiness in a broad scope or in this case society as a whole, especially the lower middle class.
Online gambling: Cross-border aspects and potential risk of divorce Setiyawan, Deni; Fauzia, Ana; Mohamed, Muhammad Azimuddin; Pratama Hapsari, Ifahda; Mashdurohatun, Anis; Jaya Wardana, Dodi
Jurnal Hukum Novelty Vol. 16 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26555/jhn.v16i2.29186

Abstract

Introduction to the Problem: Online gambling produces cascading social harms (debt, mental distress, and family conflict) that are surfacing in Indonesian divorce cases. Yet core enforcement gaps persist because gambling platforms, servers, and payment rails are frequently offshore and evidence is digital and volatile. Existing tools in the ITE Law and the Criminal Code lag behind these modalities. Purpose/Study Objectives: To analyze how cross-border features of online gambling undermine Indonesian criminal and family-law responses, and to propose an integrated reform agenda that links criminal accountability with family protection. Design/Methodology/Approach: Normative legal research combining statutory and conceptual analysis with comparative insights (licensed regimes such as Australia/UK; prohibition/ambiguous regimes) and illustrative Indonesian Religious Court decisions referencing gambling-driven marital breakdown. Findings: Indonesia’s response is hampered by three enforcement deficits: (1) Platform/finance dependence: foreign digital platforms and domestic payment intermediaries (banks, e-wallets, telecoms) enable chip-based and crypto-denominated flows that current doctrine barely reaches; (2) Digital-evidence fragility: logs, metadata, and accounts are transient or hosted abroad, while preservation and admissibility standards and forensics capacity remain under-specified; and (3) Limited cross-border reach: narrow MLAT/extradition coverage and dual-criminality barriers where gambling is legal overseas. These deficits help explain a growing footprint of gambling in Indonesian divorce pleadings and judicial reasoning, even when causation is indirect (asset dissipation, coercive financial control, persistent conflict). Comparative practice shows courts can recognize gambling-related “wastage” in property division and maintenance, while regulators can harden payment and advertising controls. Overall, the paper finds that doctrinal silos between criminal/ITE rules and the Marriage Law weaken both enforcement and family protection. Paper Type: Research Article