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All Journal Nagari Law Review Unes Law Review jurnal hukum das sollen UNES Journal of Swara Justisia
Medina, Dayu
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Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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PERLINDUNGAN SUMBER DAYA GENETIK DAN PENGETAHUAN TRADISIONAL DALAM KERANGKA WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION (WIPO) Medina, Dayu; Azmi, M. Rizqi
JURNAL HUKUM DAS SOLLEN Vol 10 No 1 (2024): Jurnal Hukum Das Sollen
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indragiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32520/das-sollen.v10i1.3404

Abstract

Abstrak Sistem kekayaan intelektual internasional yang ada tidak sepenuhnya melindungi sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisional (kekayaan intelektual komunal). Kesenjangan pengaturan kekayaan intelektual yang bersifat individual dan komunal dalam Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) menjadikan hak-hak komunal atas kekayaan intelektual yang dimilikinya tidak mendapatkan perlindungan yang baik. Globalisasi dan transformasi tekhnologi memudahkan dalam akses terhadap sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisional untuk menghasilkan suatu invensi atau karya intelektual yang berbasis sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisional masyarakat tertentu. Dari invensi tersebut bisa menghasilkan keuntungan-keuntungan secara meteril. Namun masyarakat pemilik sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisional yang asli tidak mendapatkan manfaat. Hal ini menimbulkan pemikiran tentang akses dan benefit sharing, kemudian diwujudkan dengan Convention on Biological Diversity, dan Nagoya Protection. Namun perjanjian internasional tersebut belum berbuah manis karena dikotomi antara HKI rezim TRIPs dengan WIPO sangat tajam. Disamping itu adanya sistem pendaftaran internasional dalam HKI harusnya bisa menjadi solusi untuk perlindungan yang lebih baik bagi sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan tradisional. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut maka perlu untuk melihat dan menganalisa bagaimana perlindungan sumber daya genetik dan pengetahuan dalam sistem pendaftaran kekayaan intelektual internasional dan implementasinya di Indonesia. Key World: Sumber Daya Genetik, Pengetahuan Tradisional, HKI, Sistem Pendaftaran Internasional. Abstract The existing international intellectual property system does not fully protect genetic resources and traditional knowledge (communal intellectual property). The gap in the regulation of individual and communal intellectual property in the Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) means that communal rights to the intellectual property they own do not receive good protection. Globalization and technological transformation make it easier to access genetic resources and traditional knowledge to produce inventions or intellectual works based on genetic resources and traditional knowledge of certain communities. From this invention, material benefits can be generated. However, communities that own genetic resources and original traditional knowledge do not benefit. This gave rise to ideas about access and benefit sharing, which were then realized with the Convention on Biological Diversity and Nagoya Protection. However, this international agreement has not yielded sweet results because the dichotomy between the IPR of the TRIPs regime and WIPO is very sharp. Besides that, the existence of an international registration system for IPRs should be a solution for better protection of genetic resources and traditional knowledge. Based on this background, it is necessary to see and analyze how genetic resources and knowledge are protected in the international intellectual property registration system and its implementation in Indonesia. Key World:Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, IPR, International Registration System.
Peran Negara dalam Perlindungan Hak Komunal atas Ekspresi Budaya Tradisional ditinjau dari Hukum Internasional Dan Nasional Enggriyeni, Dewi; Medina, Dayu
Nagari Law Review Vol 8 No 2 (2024): Nagari Law Review
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Andalas University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/nalrev.v.8.i.2.p.245-260.2024

Abstract

Traditional Cultural Expression (TCE) is a indigenous people’s Communal Intellectual Property (CIP), whose copyright is owned by the state. As author of copyright, the state has moral and economic rights. However, in the fact, indigenous people that preserve and guard TCE from generation to generation. This article was produced through normative juridical research, namely research carried out by analyzing secondary data in the form of primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials related to TCE. This research found that TCE as communal intellectual property based on the international regime is found in the WIPO and WIPO-IGCGRTKF drafts, while the national regime is found in Undang-Undang Hak Cipta Nomor 28 Tahun 2014, Undang-Undang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 and Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 56 Tahun 2022 tentang Kekayaan Intelektual Komunal. This regulation legitimizes the state as author of the copyright but ignores the rights of indigenous peoples on TCE. In Indonesia TCE’s legal protection consist of positive and defensive protection. The positive protection is found in Undang-Undang Hak Cipta Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 and defensive protection in Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 56 Tahun 2022 tentang Kekayaan Intelektual Komunal. Therefore, sui generis legal regulations are needed to recognition of indigenous peoples’s copyright on TCE.
Pemanfaatan Geo Stationary Orbit Untuk Kepentingan Telekomunikasi di Indonesia Enggriyeni, Dewi; Medina, Dayu
UNES Journal of Swara Justisia Vol 9 No 1 (2025): Unes Journal of Swara Justisia (April 2025)
Publisher : Program Magister Ilmu Hukum Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/ddzerd12

Abstract

Geo Stationary Orbit merupakan sumber daya alam terbatas yang merupakan bagian dari ruang angkasa, sehingga dalam pengaturannya memerlukan keterkaitan antara aturan yang terdapat dalam hukum angkasa dan hukum telekomunikasi. GSO dalam rezim hukum angkasa tidak dapat dimiliki oleh negara manapun (non appropriation) tetapi milik semua negara (res communis) yang digunakan  untuk tujuan damai. Namun dalam perkembangannya terutama untuk kepentingan telekomunikasi, GSO didominasi oleh negara maju. Indonesia yang memiliki garis GSO terpanjang pada kenyataannya hanya memiliki 8 satelit. Sementara itu ada 32 satelit asing di GSO Indonesia. Hal inilah yang menjadi rumusan permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yakni bagaimana pengaturan GSO dan bagaimana pemanfaatan GSO untuk kepentingan telekomunikasi nasionalnya. Untuk menjawab apa yang menjadi permasalahan ini maka digunakan metode peneliian yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian hukum yang mendasarkan hasil penelitian yang bersumber dari data sekunder yakni dari bahan hukum primer, sekunder maupun tertier yang terkait dengan GSO baik dalam hukum angkasa maupun hukum telekomunikasi. Hukum angkasa memandang GSO masih sebagai res nullius sedangkan Hukum Telekomunikasi sudah memberikan hak yang sama kepada setiap negara atas GSO dimana satu negara berhak atas satu slot adanya allowment plan dan unplanned band.  Kebijakan yang ditempuh Indonesia dalam memanfaatkan GSO untuk kepentingan telekomunikasi antara lain dengan mempertahankan filling satelit yang ada, menggantikan satelit yang sudah habis masa dengan satelit baru dengan area cakupan yang lebih luas serta melakukan koordinasi dengan negara-negara yang juga memiliki satelit di GSO Indonesia.
Perbandingan Sistem Pendaftaran Indikasi Geografis Di European Union dan Asean Serta Implikasi Hukum Terhadap Indonesia Medina, Dayu
Nagari Law Review Vol 7 No 1 (2023): Nagari Law Review
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Andalas University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/nalrev.v.7.i.1.p.134-143.2023

Abstract

Protection of Geographical Indications (GI) is contained in The Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs), GI is also regulated in other international agreements, such as the Paris Convention, Madrid Agreement, and Lisbon Agreement. In the provisions of TRIPs, the regulation of GI protection is left to each country to regulate it according to their needs and capabilities, TRIPs is only a minimum standard in protection. Thus countries regulate GI according to their needs. However, on the one hand, regarding the registration of GI, a broader mechanism is needed so that GI can be protected internationally. The European Union (EU) and ASEAN have regional/international GI registration mechanisms. This study analyzes the GI registration system through the EU and ASEAN mechanisms and then the legal implications for Indonesia. The method used is normative juridical using secondary data. The system for registration of GIs through the EU and ASEAN mechanisms does not differ much, only the EU regulates GIs that can be registered more broadly and in detail, meanwhile, ASEAN has not regulated the scope of GIs. In addition, the EU has a clear mechanism (starting from registration, opposition (objections), and time of submission, etc.), meanwhile, ASEAN has not regulated in detail like the EU. The legal implications for Indonesian GIs are that Indonesia fixes the laws and regulations related to GIs, and registers Indonesian GIs with the EU and ASEAN.
Pengaturan dan Penerapan Prinsip Teritorial dalam Perlindungan Indikasi Geografis Indonesia (Dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional dan Nasional) Medina, Dayu; Enggriyeni, Dewi
UNES Law Review Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/unesrev.v6i1.835

Abstract

The principle of territoriality is one of the fundamental principles in Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) which is regulated in Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). This principle gives authority to the state to regulate IPR according to the circumstances and needs of the state. This territorial principle allows a country to design intellectual property laws in a way that is consistent with its goals. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and comparative law approach. Regulations regarding territorial principles in the regulation of Geographical Indications (GI) are contained in Article 22 (1) TRIPs, where TRIPs are the basis for the rules (minimum standards) for regulating GI protection. In addition, GI protection is contained in the Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appeals of Origin and their International Registration 1958 and in the Madrid Protocol. Indonesia regulates GI protection in Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications and in Government Regulation Number 12 of 2019 concerning Geographical Indications. Indonesia must regulate GI well because it has great potential to increase people's income. Apart from that, Indonesia must also register Indonesian GIs in the international registration room, so that there is no misuse in their use.
Co-Authors Azmi, M. Rizqi Dewi Enggriyeni