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The first record of the rare Leucetta avocado sponge from Sangihe Islands, Indonesia Rieuwpassa, Frets J.; Balansa, Walter
JASM Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): OCTOBER
Publisher : Universitas Sam Ratulangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jasm.v10i2.48431

Abstract

Calcareous sponges represent the rarest class of marine sponges, constituting only 4% of the currently known sponge species globally. While abundant of demosponges have been reported from various locations in Indonesia, only 40 species of calcareous sponges have been identified in the country over the past 200 years. This suggests the rarity of these sponges and a significant knowledge gap regarding the Leucetta sponge in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to describe the biology of a calcareous sponge belonging to the genus Leucetta, which was collected from the Sangihe Islands in Indonesia. Morphological analysis was conducted using a modified acid digestion method, and the obtained data were compared to reported data for Leucetta sponges. The sponge exhibited triactine spicules, which are characteristic of Leucetta species. The number list of Indonesian Leucetta sponges was determined through a literature search. Previous research indicated that 40 identified calcareous sponges were reported in Indonesia between 1890 and 2023. Interestingly, L. avocado is known as a native sponge to Palau, although this species and closely related species have been reported elsewhere. Therefore, it is predicted that the current distribution of L. avocado in the Sangihe Islands and Bali could be attributed to a combination of the Indonesian Throughflow, sexual propagation, or stepping stone scenarios. This research provides new insights into the biology of L. avocado from Indonesia.
A New and Practical Method for Measuring Sponge Spicules Rieuwpassa, Frets J.; Tomasoa, Aprelia M.; Palawe, Jaka F. P.; Rieuwpassa, Fredrik; Mege, Revolson Alexius; Balansa, Walter
Jurnal Ilmiah Platax Vol. 11 No. 2 (2023): ISSUE JULY-DECEMBER 2023
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35800/jip.v11i2.47882

Abstract

Binocular light microscopy (BLM) is an excellent match for a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a trinocular light microscope equipped with a micrometer (TLM). The practicality, user-friendliness, and short-time analysis of BLM make this method a good choice for spicule analysis. However, its effectiveness and accuracy are yet to be confirmed. This study aimed to validate the effectiveness of BLM by comparing its usefulness to both TLM and the gold standard methods. BLM was first subjected to measuring megascleres and microscleres of 2 sponges. Then, by using the If function built-in Excell and t-test in SPSS 16.0, the compatibility of BLM was evaluated against SEM by measuring the length of spicules from 4 Sangihe sponges and their counterpart species from different locations. Furthermore, the t-test analysis was used to validate the compatibility and effectiveness of our method to the TLM by measuring the spicules of four sponges. Both the F-function and the t-test analysis proved BLM was compatible with SEM with both measurements showing a perfect match for megascleres typed spicules of 4 compared sponges. This new technique also showed a perfect match with SEM (p = 0.367, t-test) and with TLM (p = 0.963, t-test). Keywords: Spicules, sponges, SEM, Wallacea, biomaterial, sponge taxonomy