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All Journal MEDIA KONSERVASI Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH)
Utoyo, Laji
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Earth & Planetary Sciences Education

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Ecology of Hornbill Food Trees at Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park Muhammad Rizqi Mukhtadin; Nurcahyani, Nuning; Zen, Tresa Variyani; Septiadi, Luhur; Utoyo, Laji
Media Konservasi Vol. 28 No. 3 (2023): Media Konservasi Vol 28 No 3 December 2023
Publisher : Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism - IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/medkon.28.3.262-272

Abstract

Hornbills play an important role in maintaining tree gene flow among fragmented populations in forests. But hornbill populations in Asia have been declining, mainly due to loss of forest cover and poaching. The presence of hornbills in a forest is highly dependent on environmental factors such as the condition of food trees in their habitat. The purpose of this study was to determine the spatial distribution, dispersion patterns, density, importance value index, and diversity of hornbill food trees at Sukaraja Atas Resort (SA) and Balik Bukit Resort (BB) of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP). We investigated a total of 10 transects (50 survey plots) for both SA and BB by collecting data on all types of hornbill food trees with a minimum diameter of 10 cm at breast height (DBH). We recorded 64 hornbill food tree species with a total of 98 individuals, which have a clumped and uniform dispersion pattern. This study showed that Lauraceae dominated in both resorts with the highest relative density and importance value index. The results of the diversity index show that 9 transects have moderate diversity whereas 1 transect has low diversity; there was no significant difference between SA and BB. It can be concluded that the existing food trees in SA and BB may support the hornbill populations.
Growth of Hornbill Feed Seeds at Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park Irawan, Dimaz; Nurcahyani, Nuning; ., Priyambodo; Kanedi, M; Utoyo, Laji
Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Lampung in collaboration with The Indonesian Association of Biology (PBI) Lampung Branch.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jbekh.v9i1.207

Abstract

Rangkong merupakan jenis burung pemakan buah (frugivory). Buah yang dikonsumsi rangkong dikategorikandalam buah yang kecil dengan jumlah yang banyakdan jenis buah yang memiliki batu (stone seeds), yaitu jenis fikus dan non fikus. Peran rangkong di hutan sangatlah penting yaitu sebagai penebar bijimelalui sisa makanan dan kotoran rangkong karena sistem pencernaannya yang tidak merusak biji  sehingga mencerminkan hutan yang sehat dan menandakan masih adanya pohon-pohon besar di wilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Stasiun Penelitian Way Canguk (SPWC) TNBBS Lampung dengan metode observasi  langsung melalui pengamatan laju pertumbuhan biji pakan rangkong secara generatif (semai) pada lokasi yang berbeda. Data disajikandalam bentuk tabel dan diagram kemudian dianalisis secara  deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan diperolehnya biji sebanyak 581 buah dari 12 famili dan 26 spesies serta 7 jenis yang belum teridentifikasi. Nasib biji setelah dimuntahkan tumbuh sebanyak 39% dari keseluruhan biji yang diperoleh dan 61% biji  tidak  mengalami pertumbuhan diduga karena adanya predator biji dan rusaknya biji serta faktor naungan yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan biji. Biji dari buah fikus yang berasal dari defekasi tidak mengalami pertumbuhan. Nilai laju pertumbuhan semai di alam  lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan semai yang berada di media terkontrol atau disekitar kamp SPWC.     The hornbill is a type of frugivory bird. The fruit consumed by the hornbill is categorized into small fruit with a large number and the type of fruit that has stone seeds, namely ficus and non-ficus types. The role of hornbill in the forest is very important, namely as seed dispersal through food waste and hornbill droppings because their digestive system does not damage the seeds so that it reflects a healthy forest and indicates the presence of large trees in the area. This research was conducted at the Way Canguk Research Station (SPWC) TNBBS Lampung with direct observation by observing the growth rate of generative hornbill feed seeds (seedlings) at different locations. The data is presented in the form of tables and diagrams and then analyzed descriptively. The results showed that 581 seeds were obtained from 12 families and 26 species and 7 species that had not been identified. The fate of seeds after vomiting grew as much as 39% of the total seeds obtained and 61% of seeds did not experience growth, presumably due to seed predators and seed damage and shading factors that could inhibit seed growth. Seeds of ficus fruit from defecation did not grow. The value of the growth rate of seedlings in nature was faster than those in controlled media or around the SPWC camp.      
Eating Behavior of the Klihingan Hornbill (Anorrhinus Galeritus) When Nesting at the Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS) Apriliasari, Messy; Nurcahyani, Nuning; Rustiati, Elly Lestari; Priyambodo, Priyambodo; Utoyo, Laji
Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH) Vol. 9 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Department of Biology Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Lampung in collaboration with The Indonesian Association of Biology (PBI) Lampung Branch.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jbekh.v9i1.217

Abstract

Enggang klihingan merupakan salah satu jenis rangkong (Bucerotidae) yang hidup berkelompok, berperan penting secara ekologis sebagai penyebar biji. Perilaku bersarangnya unik, selama mengerami induk betina mengurung diri di lubang pohon yang ditutup lumpur dan disisakan lubang kecil untuk enggang lainnya melewatkan pakan dari luar sarang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perilaku makan enggang pada saat bersarang dan mengumpulkan data jenis buah pakannya. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode focal animal sampling, pada bulan Februari – April 2021 di Stasiun Penelitian Way Canguk (SPWC), Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS). Perilaku enggang yang teramati dominan berupa mengeluarkan satu per satu pakan dari dalam temboloknya, kemudian memosisikan pakan ke ujung paruh untuk dimuntahkan ke sarang. Komposisi buah yang dijadikan pakan enggang meliputi 18 jenis buah, yaitu Ficus altissima, Ficus sundaica, Ficus crassiramea,  Ficus stupenda var.minor, Polyalthia lateriflora, Oncosperma horridum, Canarium megalanthum, Canthiumera glabra, Zuccarinia macrophylla, Antiaris toxicaria, Myristica sp., Horsfieldia sp., Magnolia champaca, Dysoxylumsp., Fibraurea tinctoria, Endocomia macrocoma, Actinodhapne borneensis, dan Alseodaphne falcata. Waktu yang paling sering digunakan untuk memberi makan adalah sore hari pukul 16.00 – 17.00 WIB. Rerata enggang mengunjungi sarang 15 kali/hari dan membawa paling banyak 16 buah dalam sekali kunjungan. Enggang mampu memberi makan dengan lama durasi 3 – 5 buah/menit.     Bushy-crested hornbill is a type of hornbill (Bucerotidae) that lives in groups, playing an important ecological role. Their nesting behavior is unique, during incubation, the female locks herself in a mud-covered tree hole and leaves a small hole for other hornbills to spread food from outside the nest. This study aimed to find out the eating behavior of hornbills during nesting and collect data on the types of fruit they eat. This study was conducted using a focused animal sampling method, from February to April 2021 at Way Canguk Research Station (SPWC), Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS). The dominant behavior of hornbills was observed in the form of removing the bait one by one from the cache, then placing the bait to the tip of the beak to vomit into the nest. The fruit composition used as hornbill food includes 18 types of fruit, namely Ficus altissima, Ficus sundaica, Ficus crassiramea, Ficus stupenda var. minor, Polyalthia lateriflora, Oncosperma horridum, Canarium megalanthum, Canthiumera glabra, Zuccarinia macrophylla, Antiaris toxicaria, Myristica sp., Horsfieldia sp., Magnolia champaca, Dysoxylum sp., Fibraurea tinctoria, Endocomia macrocoma, and Alseodaphne falcata. The most common time used for feeding is from 16:00 - 17:00 WIB. The average hornbill visits the nest 15 times/day and brings a maximum of 16 fruits in one visit. Hornbills can feed with a fairly low duration (3-5 pieces/minute).    
Co-Authors ., Priyambodo Apriliasari, Messy Elly Lestari Rustiati Irawan, Dimaz Kanedi, M Muhammad Rizqi Mukhtadin Nuning Nurcahyani Priyambodo Priyambodo Septiadi, Luhur Zen, Tresa Variyani