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Fauziani, Andra Nabila
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Education Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health

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Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Derajat Kecacatan Kusta Fauziani, Andra Nabila; Anggraini, Dwi Indria; Hanriko, Rizki; Sibero, Hendra Tarigan
Medula Vol 14 No 1 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i1.936

Abstract

Morbus Hansen, also known as leprosy, is an infectious disease that is chronic or chronic. This disease is caused by the acid-fast bacillus (BTA) Mycobacterium leprae which is obligate intracellular. This disease can attack various body systems, including the peripheral nervous system, skin, mucosa, upper respiratory tract, reticuloendothelial system, eyes, muscles and bones. Based on WHO data for 2021, globally there were 133,781 cases of leprosy, with Indonesia ranking third highest in the world with 10,976 new cases after India and Brazil. Leprosy that is not treated properly can cause disability. There are two types of disability in leprosy, namely primary and secondary disability. Primary disability is caused directly by the Mycobacterium leprae bacteria, while secondary disability is a disorder that arises because the primary disability is not treated properly. The level of disability in leprosy is classified based on symptoms of damage to the eyes, hands and feet with levels 0, 1 and 2. Factors that influence the degree of disability in leprosy are grouped into demographic factors, internal factors and external factors. Demographic factors include age, gender, socio-economic status, occupation, and education level. Internal factors include the type of leprosy, length of suffering, number of nerves affected, and leprosy reaction. External factors include compliance with taking medication, delays in treatment, and self-care.
Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 1 Fauziani, Andra Nabila; Adelia, Anggi; Ardika, Okta Besti; Himayani, Rani; Rahmanisa, Soraya
Medula Vol 14 No 3 (2024): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v14i3.946

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition with an increasing incidence worldwide. Not only does it occur in adults, but the incidence rate in children is also quite high. Type-1 DM is an autoimmune disease characterized by absolute insulin deficiency due to pancreatic gland cell damage. Although it can occur at any age, type-1 DM most commonly appears in adolescence with a peak onset around puberty. Diabetes mellitus is often caused by genetic factors and a person's lifestyle. Symptoms of Type 1 DM in children are the same as in adults: polyphagia, polydipsia, polyuria and nocturia, weight loss, and about a third suffer from diabetic ketoacidosis. Complications of diabetes can be divided into microvascular and macrovascular. Microvascular complications include nervous system damage (neuropathy), renal system damage (nephropathy) and eye damage (retinopathy), but can also affect cognitive function, heart and other organs. HbA1c screening is recommended every 3 to 6 months. HbA1c levels reflect glycemic control over the previous 2-3 months. The target HbA1c is generally <7.0%. Other laboratory tests include lipid profile, serum creatinine, eGFR, and urine albumin to creatinine ratio. Management of Type 1 DM includes insulin injection, blood sugar monitoring, nutrition, physical activity, and education. The goal of insulin therapy is to ensure that insulin levels in the body are sufficient for 24 hours to meet metabolic needs due to the glycemic effect of food.
Co-Authors Adelia, Anggi Ardika, Okta Besti Dwi Indria Anggraini Hendra Tarigan Sibero Rani Himayani Rizki Hanriko Soraya Rahmanisa