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All Journal Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education Journal (Birle Journal) Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx Journal) Britain International of Exact Sciences Journal (BIoEx Journal)
Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
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Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Transportation Other

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Mass Mapping the Cosmic Web: Insights from Redshift Dispersions in Supercluster Filaments Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2026): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, January
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v8i1.8146

Abstract

Understanding the large-scale structure of the universe, including galaxy clusters and filaments, is essential for advancing our knowledge of cosmic evolution. Redshift distributions and mass-velocity dispersion relations are key observational metrics used to study these structures. The simulations provide a valuable tool for replicating and understanding the dynamics of galaxies across different environments, but discrepancies between observed and simulated data. This work examines and analyzes the redshift distributions and mass-velocity dispersion relations of clusters and filaments. The goal is to evaluate the degree to which simulations accurately depict visible large-scale cosmic structures and identify areas that require development. It analyzed observed and simulated data for redshift distributions and mass-velocity dispersion relations in galaxy clusters and filaments. Statistical methods were used to compute the main parameters, including means, standard deviations, and correlation coefficients. Moreover, comparisons of log-log slopes between observed and simulated mass-velocity dispersion relations were conducted. While simulations effectively captured mass-velocity dispersion trends, significant differences in redshift distributions were observed, indicating gaps in the simulation's ability to model smaller-scale structures. These discrepancies highlight limitations in the current simulation models, particularly in accounting for non-gravitational forces. The results show that simulations closely match observed mass-velocity dispersion trends. However, the accurately reproduced observed redshift distributions have some limitations. According to the study, improving filament modeling and fine-tuning filament physics may increase simulation accuracy. The intricacy of filament dynamics is indicated by the weak association between velocity dispersions and filament mass.
Harnessing Solar Energy for Hydrogen Generation: Advances in Artificial Photosynthesis Goshu, Belay Sitotaw; Woldeamaueal, Melaku Masresha
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2026): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, January
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v8i1.8147

Abstract

Artificial photosynthesis offers a sustainable method for hydrogen production, addressing the environmental drawbacks of traditional methods like steam methane reforming (SMR). However, its commercialization faces challenges in efficiency, cost, scalability, and stability. This study aims to evaluate the performance, challenges, and commercialization potential of artificial photosynthesis, providing recommendations to establish it as a mainstream clean energy technology. The analysis includes visualizing STH efficiencies of PEC cells and photocatalysts, assessing scalability and longevity challenges, evaluating alternative catalysts, and analyzing environmental and economic impacts using Python-based visualizations like radar charts, bar plots, and line plots. Data from various systems and materials were compared against ideal benchmarks. BiVO₄ achieved the highest STH efficiency at 4.2%, but efficiencies remain below the 10% target. Scalability and stability issues are significant, with System C (Hybrid) showing a 22% efficiency loss after 12 months. Fe₂O₃ emerged as a cost-effective catalyst with a 30.0 mA/cm² per USD ratio. Artificial photosynthesis reduces CO₂ emissions by 18-fold compared to SMR and becomes cost-competitive by 2045. Commercialization gaps include cost (3 vs. ideal 7) and scalability (3 vs. 8). Artificial photosynthesis holds promise for a hydrogen-based economy but requires improvements in efficiency, cost, and scalability. Developing low-cost catalysts, enhancing stability, scaling production, improving efficiency, and increasing public awareness can bridge these gaps, with potential market readiness improvements of up to 25%.
The Scientific Evolution of Astronomy: From Earth-Centered Universes to an Expanding Cosmos Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 8, No 1 (2026): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, January
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v8i1.8149

Abstract

The development of astronomical models has been central to humanity's understanding of the cosmos, evolving from the ancient geocentric model to the modern-day heliocentric and elliptical models. This progression reflects the advancement of observational techniques and mathematical formulations, each model providing insights that led to a more accurate depiction of planetary motion. The purpose is to explore the historical shift from the geocentric to the heliocentric and Keplerian models, examining their impact on astronomy and the broader implications for scientific progress. The research employs a historical analysis of astronomical theories, supplemented with Python-based simulations, to visualize each model’s key features. The study finds that the transition from the Earth-centered view to a Sun-centered one, followed by the refinement of planetary motion into elliptical orbits, marked a turning point in scientific thought. The results demonstrate how Kepler's elliptical model offers the most realistic depiction of planetary motion and how the heliocentric model is humbler than the geocentric model with epicycles. The significance of these models in providing the groundwork for contemporary physics and astronomy is emphasized in the conclusions. The analysis encourages more multidisciplinary research and technological advancements in space flight to continue building upon these core concepts.
Embedding SDGs in Ethiopian Higher Education: Overcoming Challenges, Seizing Opportunities, and Forging Inclusive Pathways for Digital-Era Transformative Learning Goshu, Belay Sitotaw; Woldeamanueal, Melaku Masresha
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2013): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, Februa
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v1i1.8162

Abstract

This study explores the integration of sustainability and global citizenship in Ethiopian higher education institutions (HEIs) through human-centered strategies and actionable recommendations. Across 12 institutions, including Hawasa and Jigjiga, six strategies, such as "Integrate SDG Modules" and "Adopt Green Campus Policies," yielded a mean priority score of 7.98 (SD = 0.87) and a feasibility score of 7.15 (SD = 0.94), reflecting enthusiastic yet constrained potential. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA (p = 0.018) and regression (R² = 0.46), highlights policymakers’ leadership in green policies (8.8, 8.2) and institutions’ success with sustainability clubs (8.5, 7.9), while digital tools lag (7.0, 6.0) due to infrastructure gaps. The findings reveal a resilient spirit, with strong correlations (e.g., r = 0.82) suggesting synergy in community-driven efforts, yet cultural and rural barriers persist. Conclusions emphasize tailored support to empower educators, students, and communities, fostering a sustainable, globally aware future.
Harnessing the Power of Social Media for Educational Innovation in Ethiopia: Challenges and Opportunities Silalahi, Nurvita Sari Musdiani; Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 8, No 4 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, Novemb
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v8i4.8163

Abstract

Social media has become a modern education, offering opportunities and challenges to enhance learning experiences. In Ethiopia, the role of social media in the educational system is gaining attention as it is a potential means for expanding access to resources, fostering collaboration, and improving communication among students, teachers, and administrators. However, social media in education also raises concerns regarding distractions, privacy issues, and unequal access to digital technologies. The purpose is to investigate the opportunities and problems related to social media use in Ethiopia's educational system. A qualitative research approach was used, employing thematic analysis of interviews accompanied by 30 teachers, 15 education administrators, and 20 student parents. The results reveal that 65% of teachers and 58% of education administrators reported positive experiences with social media for academic engagement and communication. However, 72% of teachers and 69% of parents expressed concerns about the potential for distraction and the accessibility of inappropriate content to students. The findings also showed that 81% of parents emphasized the importance of parental involvement in regulating social media use. Meanwhile, 62% of educators highlighted the need for digital literacy programs to guide responsible use. In conclusion, the study emphasizes that social media can be a powerful tool for educational innovation in Ethiopia if effectively managed. Recommendations include the development of policies, digital literacy initiatives, and active stakeholder collaboration to ensure that social media enhances rather than hinders the educational experience.
Science Citizens: Bridging Knowledge and Action for All Ramlan, Ramlan; Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 8, No 4 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, Novemb
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v8i4.8164

Abstract

Science education in Ethiopia faces declining interest in hard sciences (biology, chemistry, physics) and fragmented curricula, hindering the development of science-literate citizens amid challenges like energy poverty and food insecurity. Purpose: This study aimed to transform science education by designing an integrated, applied framework that fosters "science citizens" individuals who understand and apply science across high school to PhD levels and engage society, addressing Ethiopia’s urban (Addis Ababa) and rural (Amhara) contexts. Over 18 months, a mixed-methods approach surveys, tests, observations, interviews, focus groups, and artifact analysis evaluated five objectives: interdisciplinary curriculum design, applied projects’ impact, teacher training effectiveness, societal perceptions, and educational continuity. Participants (625) included students, educators, and community members across levels. The curriculum boosted knowledge (19-23%) and engagement (1.0-1.3 points), applied projects enhanced retention (5-15%), and training lifted teacher competency (20-27%). Societal perceptions shifted (30-45% fewer negative views), and a continuity model increased transitions (25-30%) and public engagement (1,500 attendees). Urban areas outperformed rural by 5-10%, reflecting resource gaps. Integrated, applied science education fosters science citizens in Ethiopia, linking education to societal needs energy, agriculture, health despite rural constraints.  Scale the model nationally, prioritizing rural labs, teacher training, and public outreach; tracks long-term impacts over 5 years.
Scaling Up Early Childhood Education: A Foundation for Long-Term Educational Success in Ethiopia Ridwan, Muhammad; Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2012): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, Februa
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v1i1.8159

Abstract

The quality of early childhood education in Ethiopia faces significant challenges, particularly related to teacher training, resource availability, and parental involvement. This study aims to explore the key challenges in the Ethiopian early childhood education system and assess their impacts on both teacher effectiveness and student learning outcomes. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from surveys with qualitative interviews. Twenty education officials were interviewed to gather in-depth insights, and 200 instructors from various regions participated in the survey. Exploring the requirement for teacher training, determining the availability of resources, comprehending teacher motivation, analyzing the connection between class size and learning quality, and exploring the influence of parental engagement are the study's five main goals. The findings show a severe lack of educational resources and inadequate teacher preparation in rural areas. Additionally, learning outcomes were found to be adversely affected by large class sizes, and student achievement was significantly correlated with parental participation. The results emphasize the necessity of focused measures to close these inequalities, including bettering teacher preparation programs, allocating more funds, lowering class sizes, and encouraging family involvement in education. Tackling these issues will help Ethiopia's early childhood education level rise and promote a more efficient and equitable educational system.
Vanishing Voices: Saving Languages Before it’s Too Late Ridwan, Muhammad; Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal Vol 8, No 4 (2025): Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education, Novemb
Publisher : BIRCU

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birle.v8i4.8165

Abstract

The global decline of linguistic diversity threatens cultural heritage, with intergenerational language transmission increasingly reliant on education and digital tools amid urbanization and technological advancement. This study explores how education and digital tools influence transmission success across generations. Using modeling data for 50 initiatives, the study employs descriptive statistics, bar plots, scatter plots with regression, correlation heatmaps, and linear regression to analyze education level, digital tool usage, young speaker percentage, and transmission success. Education shows a modest positive impact (β = 0.0068, M = 0.53 for high-education initiatives), while digital tools exhibit a surprising negative effect (β = -0.1267, r = -0.41), with variability in outcomes. Young speakers’ proportion negatively correlates with success (β = -0.0558, r = -0.18), suggesting generational disconnects. Education supports transmission, but digital tools’ over-reliance may hinder success unless culturally integrated, highlighting the need for balanced strategies. Governments should fund immersion schools, NGOs should co-design digital tools with communities, and local groups should promote intergenerational activities.
Fractional-Order Analysis of Malaria Dynamics in Dire Dawa City: A Laplace an Adomian Decomposition Approach Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2026): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, April
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v8i2.8169

Abstract

Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Dire Dawa City, Ethiopia, exacerbated by seasonal rainfall that drives mosquito populations and transmission. Fractional-order models offer a promising approach to capturing memory effects in epidemiological dynamics, improving predictive accuracy for intervention planning. This study aimed to formulate a fractional-order model capturing malaria transmission dynamics in Dire Dawa, solve it using numerical and analytical methods, analyze the impact of key parameters, evaluate existing interventions, and propose optimized control measures. A fractional-order SIR model ( = 0.95) was developed using the Grünwald-Letnikov method for numerical solutions and the Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method (LADM) for analytical validation, simulating dynamics over 365 days. Parameters like transmission rates (), (), and recovery rate () were varied to assess their impact, and interventions (bed nets, treatment) were evaluated with optimized timing. The model accurately captured malaria dynamics, with peak prevalence reaching 200,000 under baseline conditions, reduced by 20% with bed nets, 15% with treatment, and 40% with an optimized combined strategy starting at day 60. Transmission rates significantly influenced prevalence, with a 53% increase in peak infections for a 40% rise in (). Fractional-order modeling effectively informs malaria control in Dire Dawa, highlighting the importance of early, combined interventions. Deploy bed nets and enhance treatment access by day 60 with 80–90% coverage to minimize prevalence.
Probing Low-Energy Dynamics in Quantum Quasicrystals: A New Elastic Framework Goshu, Belay Sitotaw
Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences (BirEx) Journal Vol 8, No 2 (2026): Budapest International Research in Exact Sciences, April
Publisher : Budapest International Research and Critics University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33258/birex.v8i2.8171

Abstract

Quantum quasicrystals, characterized by aperiodic order, exhibit unique low-energy excitations such as phononic, phasonic, and hybridized modes, making them a focal point for studying symmetry-driven dynamics in ultracold atomic systems. Understanding these excitations and phase transitions is crucial for advancing quantum simulation technologies. This study investigates the role of quasicrystal symmetry (octagonal, decagonal, and dodecagonal) in determining anisotropic excitation behaviors and phase stability, validating theoretical predictions through simulated ultracold atom experiments. Using the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and Bogoliubov-de Gennes linearization, we simulated Bose-Einstein condensates in quasiperiodic potentials, varying potential depth V0 from 0.5 to 4.0 arbitrary units. Excitation spectra were computed to assess anisotropy, and minimum frequencies at k=0 were analyzed to identify phase boundaries. Simulations were conducted using Python with NumPy, SciPy, and Matplotlib, visualizing dispersion relations and phase diagrams. Octagonal quasicrystals displayed anisotropic excitation spectra (frequencies 1.368–1.464), reflecting mode hybridization, while decagonal (1.413–1.453) and dodecagonal (1.696–1.736) systems showed more isotropic behaviors. Phase boundary analysis revealed persistent gaps (octagonal: 1.0–5.0, decagonal: 1.5–6.0, dodecagonal: 2.0–7.0), indicating no quasicrystal phase within the simulated V0 range, likely transitioning to superfluid or disordered states. Quasicrystal symmetry significantly influences excitation anisotropy and phase stability, with higher symmetries (dodecagonal) exhibiting larger gaps and reduced quasicrystal stability. Future studies should explore lower V0 ranges and incorporate temperature effects to locate the quasicrystal phase, enhancing experimental validation.
Co-Authors Abas, Ermias Alemu, Yonas Tadesse Ayalew, Anteneh Berhanu, Hana Cheiklu, Robel Cheru, Nega Fitria Fitria Lakew, Eyoel Merga, Bikila Misganu, Tewodros Muhammad Ridwan Muhammad Ridwan Ramlan, H. Silalahi, Nurvita Sari Musdiani Simegn, Tigist Weldeamueal, Melaku Masresha Woldeamanue, Melaku Masresha Woldeamanueal, Melaku Masresha Woldeamaueal, Melaku Masresha