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All Journal Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya (Surabaya Psychiatry Journal) Environment Conflict
Nugroho, Satrio Wahyu
Unknown Affiliation
Environmental Science Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Social Sciences

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Ketamine Usage Effectivity on Treatment-Resistant Depression Diagnosed Patients: a Scoping Review Nugroho, Satrio Wahyu; Agustina Konginan; Gadis Meinar Sari; Erikavitri Yulianti
Jurnal Psikiatri Surabaya Vol. 13 No. 1 (2024): May
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jps.v13i1.34068

Abstract

Introductions: In Indonesia, a median of 6.1% of people diagnosed with depression disorder are people over 15 years old. Only 9% of that amount underwent medical treatment, while the rest, 91%, did not undergo treatment for their depressive conditions. Inadequate and inappropriate treatment of depression will lead to Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). Using ketamine as a pharmacotherapy opens up new possibilities for TRD treatments. Methods: This study uses a retrospective observational study design with a systematic review approach, in which all variable data were collected from previous studies aimed at measuring the effectiveness of ketamine pharmacological therapy in patients diagnosed with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) using placebo as a benchmark of the effectiveness of ketamine in reduced clinical symptoms of TRD using secondary data in the form of study results and analyzes from published studies of the effectiveness of ketamine therapy. Results: Administration of ketamine at doses of 0.4 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg is more effective as an antidepressant compared to placebo in adults and is effective in the elderly at doses above 0.2 mg/kg with a maximal effect at 24 hours post-administration and disappeared by about 7 days post-administration. Conclusions: The administration of ketamine therapy is more effective at reducing depressive symptoms in diagnosed patients (TRD) than the use of placebo and repeated administration of ketamine can increase the likelihood that TRD sufferers respond to therapy and experience remission.
Unconventional resistance under the land bank agency regime in agrarian conflicts Nugroho, Satrio Wahyu
Environment Conflict Vol. 2 No. 2: (August) 2025
Publisher : Institute for Advanced Science Social, and Sustainable Future

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61511/environc.v2i2.2025.3266

Abstract

Background: The land bank agency, a product of the Job Creation Law, has eclipsed any hope of resolving agrarian conflicts in Indonesia. Various resistances against arbitrary land claims by indigenous communities continue, complemented by unconventional forms of resistance to achieve justice. Using the perspective of unconventional resistance or everyday resistance introduced by Scott, the author attempts to highlight how communities struggle through avenues other than legal channels in agrarian conflicts against the Land Bank Agency. Methods: This study employs a qualitative normative approach, drawing on secondary sources to analyse agrarian law, the Land Bank Agency, and related legal conflicts before and after its establishment in Indonesia. Findings: With the support of various references, this study finds that non-conventional resistance against the Land Bank Agency in agrarian conflicts has similar or more severe challenges than agrarian conflicts in the regime before the Land Bank Agency. The presence of the Land Bank Agency further exacerbates the situation with strong legal legitimacy to carry out land grabs and unilateral claims to land. All of this is intended for national development ideals supported by private investment. Conclusion: Non-conventional resistance from indigenous communities against the Land Bank Agency faces new challenges where indigenous communities are increasingly difficult to achieve their goals and are increasingly easy to criminalize in the process of fighting for land control rights. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights something that has not previously been prioritized in research on the Land Bank Agency, namely the results of community reactions to conflicts involving the Land Bank Agency. Specifically, the author tries to show how the results of non-conventional community resistance in agrarian conflicts under the Land Bank Agency regime.
Co-Authors Konginan, Agustina Sari, Gadis Meinar Yulianti, Erikavitri