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The Role of UNHCR in the Stagnation of International Intervention towards Victims of the Coup Conflict in Myanmar as an Effort to Maintain Peace Ma'arif, Hilman Mahmud Akmal; Maksum, Ali
Global Strategis Vol. 16 No. 2 (2022): Global Strategis
Publisher : Department of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jgs.16.2.2022.307-328

Abstract

Myanmar is a country in Southeast Asia with a dire humanitarian crisis that is marked by the existence of conflict and humanitarian issues. The military's arbitrariness against civilians, from ethnic cleansing and genocide of the Rohingya ethnic minority to bloody coups, could not be suppressed due to technical and non-technical constraints. Civil society and the military organization are interrelated in Myanmar, and the country uses the strong relations between the two as best as it can for its internal interests to protect itself from foreign intervention. From a geographical point of view, Myanmar is located in the Southeast Asian region, with ASEAN as its regional organization. ASEAN is a unique regional organization whose member-states adopt a special principle called the principle of non-interference. According to the principle, all acts of interference from other countries are considered a violation and become an international crime when viewed from the Jus Cogens legal principle. This study then discusses the role of UNHCR as a facilitator to create peace by maintaining human rights. A qualitative method was then adopted to conduct the study, with data collection based on the news, journals, reports, and books. This study examines the concepts of democracy and human rights as an introduction to internal conflict in Myanmar and uses the concept of humanitarian diplomacy as an analysis of the role of UNHCR in Myanmar. Keywords: ASEAN, Democracy, Intervention, Humanity, Military Coup, UNHCR. Myanmar merupakan negara di Asia Tenggara dengan krisis kemanusiaan buruk yang ditandai dengan adanya isu konflik dan kemanusiaan. Kesewenangan militer terhadap warga sipil dimulai dari pembersihan etnis dan genosida etnis minoritas Rohingya, hingga kudeta militer yang tidak bisa diredam karena kendala teknis atau non-teknis. Keduanya saling berkaitan dan Myanmar memanfaatkannya sebaik mungkin untuk kepentingan internal untuk melindungi diri dari intervensi pihak asing. Ditinjau dari sisi geografis, Myanmar berada di wilayah Asia Tenggara dengan ASEAN sebagai organisasi internasional regional. ASEAN memiliki asas istimewa terhadap negara anggotanya untuk memberlakukan asas non-interference. Dengan begitu segala tindakan campur tangan dari negara lain dinilai sebagai sebuah pelanggaran dan menjadi sebuah tindakan kejahatan internasional apabila dipandang dari asas hukum Jus Cogens. Penelitian ini membahas tentang peran UNHCR sebagai fasilitator untuk menciptakan perdamaian dengan memelihara hak-hak atas kemanusiaan. Dengan berbasis pada berita, jurnal, laporan, dan buku sebagai hasil penjelasan dan telaahnya, sehingga tulisan ini bermetodekan kualitatif. Penelitian ini dikaji melalui konsep demokrasi dan HAM sebagai pengantar atas konflik internal di Myanmar, dan menggunakan konsep humanitarian diplomacy sebagai analisa atas peran UNHCR di negara Myanmar. Kata Kunci: ASEAN, Demokrasi, Intervensi, Kemanusiaan, Kudeta Militer, UNHCR.
Dynamics of Brexit Negotiations from the European Union 2016-2020 Period Ma'arif, Hilman Mahmud Akmal; Rahmawati, Baiq Ulva; Sahide, Ahmad
Intermestic: Journal of International Studies Vol 8 No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Departemen Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/intermestic.v8n1.6

Abstract

This article discusses the dynamics of negotiating Britain's exit from the EU or Brexit. Negotiations between the UK and the EU took a long time, from the leadership of PM Theresa May to PM Boris Johnson. During Theresa May's time, Brexit efforts failed to materialize and succeeded under Boris Johnson who dared to maneuver by ignoring the parliament. This study uses a qualitative method using negotiation theory and the concept of national interest. Sources of data obtained through e-books, news, journals from Scopus and Google Scholar. The findings of this study are traceable causes, actors and parties involved during the negotiation process occurs. In addition, one of the reasons the UK wants to leave the EU is the reluctance of the EU to control its domination over the UK in domestic activities, in terms of the economy and the policy of free movement of workers.
ASEAN ECONOMIC DYNAMICS: ECONOMIC SOCIETY, OPPORTUNITY, AND CHALLENGE IN DISRUPTION ERA IN INDONESIA 2015-2020 Ma'arif, Hilman Mahmud Akmal; Rahmawati, Baiq Ulva; Kamil, Muh
Jurnal Politica Vol 14, No 1 (2023): Jurnal Politica Mei 2023
Publisher : Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22212/jp.v14i1.3397

Abstract

This study discusses Indonesia's interests in the AEC as a Regionalism Effort for Development of Domestic Capital by major ASEAN countries. In the formation of the AEC, Indonesia has a strategic position to carry out its regional political role for the domestic and regional. This is natural if this happens, because Indonesia has a vast territory and has abundant resources. The global economy keeps the wheels of the economy spinning and forces it to continue to experience changes in its transactional style. The ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is a manifestation of the realization of a free market in the Southeast Asian region which was born from the association of cross-regional countries and development regionalism, or the regional complex formed by the domestic capital interests of several major ASEAN countries. This article is examined by using one of the concepts of internationalrelations, namely regionalism. With a qualitative research methodology approach that comes from scientific journals, scientific papers and news sources as a source of reference. The findings of this study indicate that the existence of the MEA is able to make it a medium for domestic economic development and fusion of multiculturalism within a single cluster of the Southeast Asian region.AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas tentang kepentingan Indonesia dalam MEA sebagai Upaya Regionalisme Pengembangan Modal Dalam Negeri oleh negara-negara besar ASEAN. Dalam pembentukan MEA, Indonesia memiliki posisi yang strategis untuk menjalankan peran politik regionalnya baik domestik maupun regional. Wajar jika hal ini terjadi,karena Indonesia memiliki wilayah yang luas dan memiliki sumber daya yang melimpah. Perekonomian global membuat roda perekonomian terus berputar dan memaksanya untuk terus mengalami perubahan gaya transaksionalnya. Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA)merupakan wujud terwujudnya pasar bebas di kawasan Asia Tenggara yang lahir dari perhimpunan negara-negara lintas kawasan dan pembangunan regionalisme, atau kompleks kawasan yang dibentuk oleh kepentingan modal domestik beberapa negara besar. negaranegara ASEAN. Artikel ini ditelaah dengan menggunakan salah satu konsep hubungan internasional yaitu regionalisme. Dengan pendekatan metodologi penelitian kualitatif yang bersumber dari jurnal ilmiah, karya ilmiah dan sumber berita sebagai sumber referensi.Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan MEA mampu menjadikannya sebagai media pembangunan ekonomi domestik dan perpaduan multikulturalisme dalam satu klaster tunggal kawasan Asia Tenggara.