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All Journal Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society
Ogu, Emmanuel Odiba
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Education Engineering Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Physics Social Sciences Other

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Effect of Ethanolic Stem Extract of Nelsonia Canescens on Selected Biochemical Parameters in Male Wistar Rats Induced with Sodium Arsenite David, Bando Christopher; Tutuwa, Jummai Adamu; Tadawus, Rejoice Habila; Ogu, Emmanuel Odiba; Ifraimu, Daniel; Sunday, Oche Gabriel; Jesse, Polly Shingu; Agbu, Tsoken Danji
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i1.2777

Abstract

Medicinal plants are those that have curative qualities or have positive pharmacological effects on the human body. The effect of ethanolic stem extracts from Nelsonia canescens was studied in relation to Sodium arsenite-induced toxicity in wistar rats. Fresh stem extract of Nelsonia canescens were obtained behind rice mill area, Wukari, Taraba state and was shade dried at room temperature and was homogenized into powder and measured at 300g into 100ml of absolute ethanol for 72 hours. 15 healthy male rats of 70g to 90g weight were obtained from animal house Makurdi, Benue state. Animals from Group 1 were used as control. 5mg/kg body weight of Sodium arsenite was administered to Group 2 animals while animals in Groups 3, 4 and 5 were administered with Nelsonia canescens ethanolic stem extracts 50 mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg as well. At the end of 3 weeks the animals were sacrificed and serum sample were collected and analysed using standard methods. The results indicate that, when compared to those who received Sodium arsenite, those who received ethanol stem extracts of Nelsonia canescens showed a comparatively considerable liver protection against Sodium arsenite -induced damage. The levels of biochemical parameters: Albumin, Total protein, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total bilirubin, Urea, Creatinine of rats administered with Sodium arsenite only was also observed. The Nelsonia canescens extract’s activity at 200mg/kg bw (higher dose) give a reasonable decrease in the amount of these liver enzymes. Deducing from study results, it indicates that Nelsonia canescens leaf extracts could be an effective agent in Sodium arsenite mediated liver toxicity in adult wistar rats and drug development.
Evaluation of Organophosphates Residue in Stored Cereals from Some Selected Markets in Jalingo, Nigeria Tutuwa, Jummai Adamu; David, Bando Christopher; Tadawu, Rejoice Habila; Nuhu, Imbasire; Sunday, Oche Gabriel; Ogu, Emmanuel Odiba; Haruna, Peace Gambo; Jesse, Polly Shingu
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i1.2405

Abstract

Cereal grains such rice, sorghum, maize and millet among others are the staple foods in large parts of the world, supplying most of the energy and bulk in diets. Pesticide residue analysis in cereals from the various sampling locations for this dissertation revealed the following organophosphate pesticide residue were present in cereals analyzed Dichlorvos, Diazinon, Phorate sulfon, Malathion, Phorate, Chloropyrifos, Methyl Parathion, Profenofos, Ethion, Dimethoate, Phorate Sulfoxide, Phosalone, Edifenfos, Fenitrothion and Chlorofenvinfos. The presence of pesticide residues is detected in the samples of cereals (Rice, Maize, Millet and sorghum) analyzed. This could be as a result of high utilization of various pesticides during plant, cultivation and storage thus leading to the bioaccumulation of this substance in the individual cereals. It indicates high levels of non-carcinogenic risk associated with the life time consumption of cereals produce and sold within this region. Based on findings from this study’s, I hereby make the following recommendations. Regulatory agencies in Nigeria should step up efforts to ensure compliance with the ban on these chemicals. Farmers and other pesticide users also need to be educated on the dangers of using banned products and on the over application of these pesticides. Furthermore, farmers should be educated on the properly usage of these chemical product, during plant, harvest and storage. Also, manufacturers of these chemicals should produce less toxic pesticide using organic materials in other to prevent the health risk associated with chemical pesticide and their residues in food crops and the environment.
Coccidiosis in Broilers of Selected Commercial Farms in Taraba State, Nigeria Tadawus, Rejoice Habila; Tutuwa, Jummai Adamu; David, Bando Christopher; Ogu, Emmanuel Odiba; Jesse, Polly Shingu; Haruna, Peace Gambo; Agbu, Tsoken Danji; Aigbogun, Blessing Smart
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 3 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i3.3184

Abstract

Poultry coccidiosis has been reported as a major constraint to successful commercial and backyard poultry farming due to its significant high mortality rates and huge economic losses globally. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of coccidiosis in broilers in commercial farms of Jalingo and Wukari Local Government Areas of Taraba State. A total of 500 faecal samples from droppings of broilers were randomly collected from the poultry farms in Jalingo and Wukari LGAs of Taraba State. The faecal samples were collected from the rectum of the chicken, using a disposable hand gloves and the ova in each faecal sample of broilers were detected by using floatation technique. A total of 80 birds, from both Local Governments were sacrificed for histopathological assay. Intestinal scrapes were also collected from various parts of the intestines (duodenum, jejunum, gizzard, ilium and the caeca) of freshly slaughtered chickens into clean petri dishes, and the samples were examined microscopically for the presence of oocysts. Data obtained were entered into Microsoft Excel and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 23. Out 500 faecal samples collected 81/500 (16.2%) were positive for coccidian ova across Jalingo and Wukari LGAs of Taraba State with a statistical significant difference of (χ2=5.477; P<0.05). Most of the infected broilers were in the age group 1-3 weeks and 4-6 weeks with a statistically non-significant difference of (χ2=3.305; P>0.05). Infection with Coccidian ova was found to be higher, 19.7% (50/250) in Wukari than in Jalingo. They had 12.1% (31/250). The prevalence of coccidiosis in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of the slaughtered broilers showed that the Caecum had the highest prevalence of 62.5% (25/40) of oocyst while Ilium had the least 37.5% (15/40). The knowledge of the coccidiosis among farmers in Jalingo and Wukari LGAs showed that all of the (12/12) respondents or 100% have heard of the disease. Majority of the respondent 81.8% (9/12) knows about coccidiosis from the veterinary while a few respondent 19.2% (3/12) get to know about coccidiosis from their friends. The Seasonal occurrence of coccidiosis showed majority of the respondent 7/12 (58.3%) attributed the occurrence of coccidiosis to rainy season within the year while 41.7% (5/12) attributed it to anytime of the season. The knowledge of the occurrence of coccidiosis despite preventive measures among farmers showed that majority of the respondent 91.7% (11/12) had Coccidiosis on their farms before while few, 16.7% (2/12) have not had reoccurrence of the disease. The percentage response of respondents based on the poultry population per pen showed that Majority of the farmers 50.0% (6/12) had between 1-200 poultry population per pen on their farm while 25.0% (3/12) had between 201-500 poultry population per pen. Despite the fact that some numbers of the faecal materials examined during the course of this work were negative for oocysts at the time of collection, it is possible that some of these Broilers may be harbouring coccidia in the schizogonic or gametogonic stages of development at the time that the samples were collected. It is therefore necessary to design appropriate control strategies of coccidiosis in order to improve management of poultry birds in farms to boost poultry production in the part of the country.
Investigation of Organochlorines Residue in Stored Cereals from Some Selected Markets in Jalingo, Nigeria David, Bando Christopher; Tutuwa, Jummai Adamu; Tadawu, Rejoice Habila; Jesse, Polly Shingu; Ogu, Emmanuel Odiba; Sunday, Oche Gabriel; Nuhu, Imbasire; Haruna, Peace Gambo
International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society Vol 2 No 1 (2024): International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ijecs.v2i1.2406

Abstract

Cereal grains such rice, sorghum, maize and millet among others are the staple foods in large parts of the world, supplying most of the energy and bulk in diets. Pesticide residue analysis in cereals from the various sampling locations for this dissertation revealed the following organochlorines Aldrin, Dichloran, Dieldrin, Endrin, Endosulfan, Mirex, Lindane, Methoxychlor, Heptachlor Epoxide, 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, Hexachlorocyclohexane, and 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl). The presence of pesticide (Organochlorines) residues is detected in the samples of cereals (Rice, Maize, Millet and sorghum) analyzed. This could be as a result of high utilization of various pesticides during plant, cultivation and storage thus leading to the bioaccumulation of this substance in the individual cereals. It indicates high levels of non-carcinogenic risk associated with the life time consumption of cereals produce and sold within this region. Organochlorine pesticides also detected suggest the continuous use of obsolete banned pesticides in the cultivation and storage of cereals. Based on findings from this study’s, I hereby make the following recommendations. Regulatory agencies in Nigeria should step up efforts to ensure compliance with the ban on these chemicals. Farmers and other pesticide users also need to be educated on the dangers of using banned products and on the over application of these pesticides. Furthermore, farmers should be educated on the properly usage of these chemical product, during plant, harvest and storage. Also, manufacturers of these chemicals should produce less toxic pesticide using organic materials in other to prevent the health risk associated with chemical pesticide and their residues in food crops and the environment.
Co-Authors Agbu, Tsoken Danji Aigbogun, Blessing Smart David, Bando Christopher Haruna, Peace Gambo Ifraimu, Daniel Jesse, Polly Shingu Nuhu, Imbasire Sunday, Oche Gabriel Tadawu, Rejoice Habila Tadawus, Rejoice Habila Tutuwa, Jummai Adamu