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All Journal Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art International Journal of Education, Culture, and Society International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences
David, Bando Christopher
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Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Education Engineering Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Physics Social Sciences Other

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Assessement of the Influence of Baking Fuel Types on the Residues of Some Heavy Metals in Selected Bread from Jalingo, Taraba State Tutuwa, Jummai Adamu; David, Bando Christopher; Tadawus, Rejoice Habila; Ifraimu, Daniel; Aigbogun, Blessing Smart; Nuhu, Imbasire; Jesse, Polly Shingu; Agbu, Tsoken Danji
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i1.2411

Abstract

Method of food processing and handling plays pivoted role in its contamination. This research was geared towards assessing the level at which food handling and production processes influence metallic contamination. Samples of flour and baked bread (electric or coal oven) were sourced from market and bread bakeries within Jalingo metropolis. Heavy metals (Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Nickel, Iron, and Zinc) analysis of the samples was done using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Bread baked using coal oven were observed to show elevated level of metallic contamination over those baked using electric oven with Iron (Fe) showing a statistical significant increase at p<0.05 while Cadmium (Cd) was not detected in bread baked using both fuel source. Both electric and coal baked bread were analyzed to have more metallic deposition when compared to the flour. Although, the heavy metals contamination were within the range of FAO/WHO permissible limit but long term consumption of such food products could lead to bioaccumulation in the biological system and becomes injurious to health.
A Review of Phycoremediation of Heavy Metals in Industrial Waste Water Joseph, Ikwebe; David, Bando Christopher; Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i1.2660

Abstract

Environmental Pollutants such as heavy metals poised serious threat to biological systems. Heavy metals which could be natural or anthropogenic sourced are non-degradable pollutants and must be eliminated or reduced to certain quantity that is analytically presumed to be a safe limit before discharging into the environment to avoid injurious effects on biological systems. This review work showed the abilities of microalgae to biologically remove heavy metals from waste water through the process known as ‘Phycoremediation’. Phycoremediation of heavy metals with the help of microalgae takes place in two stages: Biosorption and Bioaccumulation. Microalgae such as Nannochloropsis oculata, Scenedesmus sp, Scenedesmus obtusus, Gracilaria corticata, Sarcodia suidae and Spirulina sp has been proven to phycoremediate; Pb, Cr, Hg, As, Cd, and Cu respectively. Therefore, this review work has shown that the microalgae are efficient biological vectors for heavy metal uptake.
Effect of Ethanolic Stem Extract of Nelsonia Canescens on Selected Biochemical Parameters in Male Wistar Rats Induced with Sodium Arsenite David, Bando Christopher; Tutuwa, Jummai Adamu; Tadawus, Rejoice Habila; Ogu, Emmanuel Odiba; Ifraimu, Daniel; Sunday, Oche Gabriel; Jesse, Polly Shingu; Agbu, Tsoken Danji
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i1.2777

Abstract

Medicinal plants are those that have curative qualities or have positive pharmacological effects on the human body. The effect of ethanolic stem extracts from Nelsonia canescens was studied in relation to Sodium arsenite-induced toxicity in wistar rats. Fresh stem extract of Nelsonia canescens were obtained behind rice mill area, Wukari, Taraba state and was shade dried at room temperature and was homogenized into powder and measured at 300g into 100ml of absolute ethanol for 72 hours. 15 healthy male rats of 70g to 90g weight were obtained from animal house Makurdi, Benue state. Animals from Group 1 were used as control. 5mg/kg body weight of Sodium arsenite was administered to Group 2 animals while animals in Groups 3, 4 and 5 were administered with Nelsonia canescens ethanolic stem extracts 50 mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg as well. At the end of 3 weeks the animals were sacrificed and serum sample were collected and analysed using standard methods. The results indicate that, when compared to those who received Sodium arsenite, those who received ethanol stem extracts of Nelsonia canescens showed a comparatively considerable liver protection against Sodium arsenite -induced damage. The levels of biochemical parameters: Albumin, Total protein, Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total bilirubin, Urea, Creatinine of rats administered with Sodium arsenite only was also observed. The Nelsonia canescens extract’s activity at 200mg/kg bw (higher dose) give a reasonable decrease in the amount of these liver enzymes. Deducing from study results, it indicates that Nelsonia canescens leaf extracts could be an effective agent in Sodium arsenite mediated liver toxicity in adult wistar rats and drug development.
Profitability and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Fish Production in Anambra State, Nigeria Beatrice, Onyekachukwu Ifeoma; Gabriel, Oche Sunday; Dahutu, David I.; Peace, Gambo H.; David, Bando Christopher
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i1.2778

Abstract

In recent decades the impact of agriculture towards achieving a sustainable economy in Nigeria cannot be under emphasized, though, in time past it has been a subject of several debates amongst development economists, food security and stability is key to the developmental economy of any nation thus, the need to investigate fish production and management in Abia state. Three (3) zone comprising of Awka zone, Onitsha zone and Aguata zone were investigated with a pooled sample inclusive as standard and the analysis was based on the following parameters: Socio-economic Characteristics of Fish farmers, Systems of Fish Production, Management and the Level of Fish Production Associated with the Fish Management Systems, Price of Fish and Net Return from Fish Production. The result obtained showed that fish farming is practiced by both male and female with 96.67% and 3.33% respectively; majority (24.17%) of the fish farmers are within the age bracket of 51-55 years, while 23.33%, 22.50%, 17.50%, 11.67% and 0.83% of the farmers are within the age brackets of 41-45, 51-60, 46-50, 36-40 and 31-35 years respectively; 100.00% of the farmers had basic formal education with an average of 6 years farming experience; 67.50% purchased the fingerlings stock, while 32.50% of them hatched their fingerlings; 60.00% of the farmers produce heterobranchus, 27.50% of them produced heterobranchus and clarias, while 12.50% of the farmers produced heterobranchus and tilapia; 12.50% of the farmers were below 40 years of age, signifying the need to empower and encourage the youth to go into fish farming. the mean output of a fish farmer per year in Awka, Onitsha and Aguata Zones are 3.88 tonnes, 3.81 tonnes and 3.35 tonnes of fish respectively with grand mean output of 3.71 tonnes in Anambra state. Since there is need to increase protein intake level of people of the state and nation in general, fish production has to be developed and all the constraints militating against its effective production be checked so as to meet up with the protein need of the people.
Antidiabetic Potential of Khaya Anthotheca Methanolic Leaves Extract in Streptozotocin Diabetes Induced Rats Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; Tansaba, Akafa Andes; Umaru, Isaac John; Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen; Nanmar, Chakfa; David, Bando Christopher
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i2.3191

Abstract

This research evaluated antidibetic potential of methanolic leaves extracts of Khaya anthotheca in streptozotocin induced albino rats. Khaya anthotheca a member of Meliaceae family is traditionally used for treating several ailments. Diabetes is a chronic condition that develops when the pancreas is unable to secrete sufficient amounts of insulin or when the body fails to utilise the insulin that is produced. The leaves were harvested in Sukundi road Wukari and air dried for four weeks, the leaves were pulverized into powder using manual blender and stored in an air tight container. Extraction was done with absolute methanol; the extract was filtered using mesh and the filtrate was concentrated at 68oC. two grams of the filtrate were used for the study; the remainder was used to treat the animals. Using 40 mg/kg body weight of streptozotocin, the animals were divided into 5 groups of 4 each. Following a fourteen-day course of treatment, the animals were sacrificed; the blood was drawn through heart puncture and tested for blood sugar using a glucometer. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. Result of blood sugar level showed significant reduction in all the test groups (p<0.05) except group 2 which showed no significant reduction when compared to the normal control. Conclusion: This study therefore suggests the use of Khaya anthotheca as a diabetic agent and for treatment of diabetes. Further studies are needed to discover the bioactive constituent of the plant responsible for this anti-diabetic activity as well as other pharmacological activities in clinical trials.
GC-MS Profiling and Pathogenic Effect of Khaya Anthotheca Methanolic Leaves Extract on Some Selected Fungi Umaru, Isaac John; Shadrach, Philip; Adi, Godwin Baaku; Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen; Nanmar, Chakfa; Akafa, Andes Tensaba; Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac; David, Bando Christopher
Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Journal of Multidisciplinary Science: MIKAILALSYS
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/mikailalsys.v2i2.3192

Abstract

This research evaluated GC-MS profile, and pathogenic effect of methanolic leaves extracts of Khaya anthotheca on Some Selected fungi. Khaya anthotheca a member of Meliaceae family is traditionally used for treating several ailments. The leaves were harvested in Sukundi road Wukari and air dried for four weeks, the leaves were pulverized into powder using manual blender and stored in an air tight container. Extraction was done with absolute methanol; the extract was filtered using mesh and the filtrate was concentrated at 68oC. Only two grams of the filtrate were used for the GC-MS study. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. The GC-MS result revealed 50 constituents. Result of Methanolic extracts of leaves of Khaya anthotheca only showed significant activity against Aspergillus niger at dose100 µg/mL, Candida tropicalis and Fusarium oxysporium at dose 500 µg/mL. This study supports the use of Khaya anthotheca by indigenous herbalists by providing scientific proof of the plant's ability to treat pothegenic diseases. To establish the effectiveness of this plant in the management of fungal effections, more clinical trials at the clinical levels are needed.
An Investigation of the Level of Heavy Metals Contamination of Goat Meat Roasted with Scrap Tyres in Wukari, Nigeria Joseph, Ikwebe; David, Bando Christopher; Agyo, David Ata; Tadawus, Rejoice Habila
International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences Vol 2 No 1 (2024): International Journal of Humanities, Education, and Social Sciences
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ijhess.v2i1.2563

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to investigate the potential for heavy metals (Fe, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Cu) contamination of goat meat roasted with scrap tyres in Wukari using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Goat meat samples were obtained from two slaughter points (new market and Mammara). The results revealed the mean concentrations of Fe, Cr, and Cu in the unroasted goat meat samples (UMN and UMM) in both new market and Mammara slaughtering points as 1.7600 ± 1.4000, 0.0012 ±0.0000, 0.8700, 3.2500 ± 0.0000, 0.0025 ± 0.0000, and 0.7850 ± 0.0071 mg/kg respectively. Cd and Pb were not detected in any of the samples. The mean concentrations of Fe, Cr, Cd, and Cu in the goat meat roasted with scrap tyres (RMN1 and RMM1) in both slaughtering houses (new market and Mammara) were 4.1300 ± 0.0141, 0.0025 ± 0.0001, 0.0011 ± 0s.0000, 1.1250 ± 0.0071, 5.1500 ± 0.0000, 0.0035 ± 0.0001, 0.0012 ± 0.0000, and 1.0500 ± 0.0000 mg/kg respectively. Pb was not detected in all the samples. Also, the mean concentrations of Fe, Cr, and Cu in the goat meat roasted with firewood (RMN2 and RMM2) in slaughtering houses (new market and Mammara) were 3.7750 ± 0.0000 mg/kg, 0.0013 ± 0.0000, 0.9850 ± 0.0000, 4.9150 ± 0.0071, 0.0026 ± 0.0000, and 0.8650 ± 0.021 mg/kg respectively. Cd was detected in the samples obtained from Mammara (0.0012 ± 0.0000) but was not detected in the samples collected from new market. Pb was not detected in any of the samples obtained from both slaughtering houses. The mean concentrations of Fe and Cu in (UMN, UMM), (RMN1, RMM1), and (RMN2, RMM2) in both slaughtering points were above the maximum permissible level set by (FAO) and (WHO).The result of this present study show that the practice of roasting goat meat with scrap tyres is dangerous because the meat could accumulate high and unacceptable levels of heavy metals that could pose a threat to human lives, and hence, should be outlawed.
Evaluation of Organophosphates Residue in Stored Cereals from Some Selected Markets in Jalingo, Nigeria Tutuwa, Jummai Adamu; David, Bando Christopher; Tadawu, Rejoice Habila; Nuhu, Imbasire; Sunday, Oche Gabriel; Ogu, Emmanuel Odiba; Haruna, Peace Gambo; Jesse, Polly Shingu
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i1.2405

Abstract

Cereal grains such rice, sorghum, maize and millet among others are the staple foods in large parts of the world, supplying most of the energy and bulk in diets. Pesticide residue analysis in cereals from the various sampling locations for this dissertation revealed the following organophosphate pesticide residue were present in cereals analyzed Dichlorvos, Diazinon, Phorate sulfon, Malathion, Phorate, Chloropyrifos, Methyl Parathion, Profenofos, Ethion, Dimethoate, Phorate Sulfoxide, Phosalone, Edifenfos, Fenitrothion and Chlorofenvinfos. The presence of pesticide residues is detected in the samples of cereals (Rice, Maize, Millet and sorghum) analyzed. This could be as a result of high utilization of various pesticides during plant, cultivation and storage thus leading to the bioaccumulation of this substance in the individual cereals. It indicates high levels of non-carcinogenic risk associated with the life time consumption of cereals produce and sold within this region. Based on findings from this study’s, I hereby make the following recommendations. Regulatory agencies in Nigeria should step up efforts to ensure compliance with the ban on these chemicals. Farmers and other pesticide users also need to be educated on the dangers of using banned products and on the over application of these pesticides. Furthermore, farmers should be educated on the properly usage of these chemical product, during plant, harvest and storage. Also, manufacturers of these chemicals should produce less toxic pesticide using organic materials in other to prevent the health risk associated with chemical pesticide and their residues in food crops and the environment.
Investigation of Heavy Metal Contamination in Bread Baked and Sold in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State Nigeria Joseph, Ikwebe; David, Bando Christopher
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 1 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i1.2661

Abstract

Heavy metals are pollutants that are of global significance due to their toxicological properties when their intake significantly exceeds recommended levels. They are persistent in the environment, and may be unintentionally present in raw materials used for production of bread; they may migrate from packaging into food, or find their way into finished food products due to anthropogenic activities. The present study investigated the presence of heavy metals in bread baked and sold in Makurdi, Metropolis, to ascertain their safety for consumption. Twenty different bread brands were sampled twice from bakeries and distribution outlets within Makurdi, metropolis respectively. The heavy metal analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The varied concentrations of heavy metals in mg/kg of Fe, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni, and Cd in Bread Loaves from Bakeries (BFB) and in Bread Loaves from Distribution Outlets (BFD) were determined. Cd was not detected in BFB and flour, but it was present in one sample in BFD. Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was employed to separate the means. Though, most of the studied heavy metals were within permissible limits, caution should be taken when consuming bread, because of their ability to persist and bio-accumulate in bio-systems.
Retracted: Hepatoprotective Effects of Fractions of Adansonia Digitata Leaves on Carbon Tetrachloride (CCL4)- Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats Ejeh, Yakubu Ojochenemi; John, Umaru Isaac; Agyo, David Ata; Shenia, Zephaniah Hannaniah; Sunday, Gabriel; Tsuvini, Jonah; Gideon, David; Tsojon, Tsojon Zechariah; David, Bando Christopher
Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art Vol 2 No 2 (2024): Asian Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Art
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstea.v2i2.2776

Abstract

Phytochemicals, naturally occurring compounds in plants, offer health benefits to humans. This study aimed to determine the effects of fractions of ethanol extract of Adansonia digitata leaves on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity in wistar rats. The extraction was done using absolute ethanol, followed by fractionation with different solvent combination via column chromatography. Elution of extract was done with solvent system by gradually increasing polarity beginning from n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and finally water. In total, 22 fractions were collected in 200 mL beaker each. The fractions were subjected to total antioxidant analysis using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Total phenolics and total flavonoids content were analyzed by Folin-Ciocalteu. GC-MS, FTIR and HPLC analysis were also carried out. Thirty-six male albino rats were distributed into six groups of six (n = 6). The negative control group received CCl4 only. The standard control group was administered 2 CCl4/kg body weight + 25mg/kg body weight silymarin followed by different doses of ethyl acetate:ethanol fraction-20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg for 21 days. Induction and treatment were carried out in the beginning of a new week. The animals were fasted for 24 hours, sacrificed and blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The administered fraction led to the statistically insignificant (p> 0.05) and statistically significant (p< 0.05) reduction in the levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) respectively, the reduction in the levels of total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) were statistically not significant (p> 0.05) in the treated rats as compared to the untreated rats. The phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of antioxidant and phenolics. From the total antioxidant capacity, fraction 6b (ethyl acetate: ethanol) was selected for GC-MS, FTIR and HPLC analysis. The GC-MS analysis of fraction 6b revealed the presence of 14 compounds from which Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate had the highest percentage constituent (48.30%) while while 2-Methyl-Z,Z-3,13-octadecadienol had the lowest relative abundance of 0.14 %. Dichloroacetic acid, tridecyl este, d-Glycero-d-ido-heptose, Phthalic acid, ethyl pentyl ester, Trifluoroacetoxy hexadecane, 2-Hexene, 6-nitro-, 2-Tetradecanol, 3,5-Dimethyl-2-octanol, Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 7,11-Hexadecadienal, 9-Octadecenamide, Squalene and E, E-1,9,17-Docasatriene were the other compounds found in the fraction. FTIR spectral analysis of the fraction showed peaks of various functional groups. The HPLC results showed the presence of quercetin in the fraction.
Co-Authors Abershi, Ajiduku Leyoa Adi, Godwin Baaku Agbu, Tsoken Danji Agyo, David Ata Aigbogun, Blessing Smart Akafa, Andes Tensaba Beatrice, Onyekachukwu Ifeoma Dahutu, David I. Ejeh, Yakubu Ojochenemi Gabriel, Oche Sunday Gideon, David Hannah, Nuhu Tubasen Haruna, Peace Gambo Ifraimu, Daniel Jesse, Polly Shingu John, Umaru Isaac Joseph, Ikwebe Nanmar, Chakfa Ngozi, Odii Josephine Nkene, Istifanus Haruna Nuhu, Imbasire Odii, Umahi Onu Ogu, Emmanuel Odiba Patricia, Okonofua Eghe Peace, Gambo H. Rebecca, Ayodele Shadrach, Philip Shenia, Zephaniah Hannaniah Sunday, Gabriel Sunday, Oche Gabriel Tadawu, Rejoice Habila Tadawus, Rejoice Habila Tansaba, Akafa Andes Tsojon, Tsojon Zechariah Tsuvini, Jonah Tutuwa, Jummai Adamu Ugoeze, Egeonu Stephen Umaru, Isaac John Umaru, Kerenhappuch Isaac