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All Journal JUSTICES: Journal of Law LECTURES: Journal of Islamic and Education Studies ENGAGEMENT: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat HISTORICAL: Journal of History and Social Sciences DIROSAT: Journal of Education, Social Sciences & Humanities AL-IKHSAN: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studie Community: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Cleanliness: Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Research
Bilal Ahmad Bhat
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Religion Humanities Dentistry Education Health Professions Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Other

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Self-medication Practices Among Muslim Youth of Kashmir: An Empirical Study Bilal Ahmad Bhat; Bilkees Nazir; Ifrah Rashid; Fiba Arif; Qazi Nusrat; Uzma Nazir; Intizar Ahmad
DIROSAT: Journal of Education, Social Sciences & Humanities Vol. 2 No. 3 (2024): Innovation in Education and Social Sciences Research
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/dirosat.v2i3.76

Abstract

In many parts of the world self-medication is a popular practice to treat some common minor diseases in order to save time and money without realizing side effects of self-medication for the patients. We know ‘Over The Counter’ (OTC) drugs are meant for self-medications but their wrong use due to lack of knowledge about medicines can have grave side-effects on patients. In Kashmir the growth in self-medications in Kashmir can be attributed to urge to self-care, feeling of sympathy towards ill family members, deficiency of health services, economic condition, unawareness and easy availability of drugs in medical shops. To treat minor common diseases like fever, cold, cough, diarrhoea etc patients acquire expert advices from family members, neighbours or strangers about medications. Majority of people do not take their illness seriously or avoid Doctor because of busy life, ignoring side effects of self-medication. In Kashmir, it is a common practice in homes to use antibiotics like Co-Amoxyclav 625 and Azithromycin for treating common cold and sharing of prescriptions within the family, using the left over medications for somewhat related symptoms is quite a popular practice. In the present study carried out in Kashmir valley, a survey of the study area was carried out and discussions were held with the elders as well as with medical practitioners. A well-designed validated questionnaire was used to collect the information from 400 youth selected at random from Kashmir on their consent. The data collected from survey was statistically analysed using standard statistical methods. The study revealed that majority of respondents were taking medicine without consulting a Doctor to treat minor ailments. Statistically, it was observed that there was a significant difference in the attitude of male and female respondents towards self medication (P<0.01). The discussion with respondents revealed that they were interested in knowing Islamic ruling about self-medication as in the present world due to lack of patience youth take medicine because of depression and anxiety. Islam allows modern treatment of many diseases like infertility provided it is not against the teaching of Islam and guidance of holy Prophet. Holy Prophet Muhammad (Peace and blessing of Allah be upon him) taught Muslims to pray more in tough times for attaining peace of mind, relief from pain, anxiety and worries. Finally, it was suggested that everyone should avoid self-medication as much as possible and Government should play its role to avoid the selling of banned medicines on medical shops without Doctors prescription
Kashmiri People’s Perspective of Leech Therapy in view of Religious and Unani System of Medication Bilal Ahmad Bhat; Syed Sabahat Ashraf; Ifrah Rashid; Ronika Yousuf; Fiba Arif; Qazi Nusrat; Aasiya Hamid; Intizar Ahmad
LECTURES: Journal of Islamic and Education Studies Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024): Progressive Islamic and Education Studies
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/lectures.v3i3.91

Abstract

The Unani System of Medication is based on four therapeutic modalities namely, Regimental therapy, Dieto-therapy, Pharmacotherapy and Surgery. One of the most important and world wide practised methods of regimental therapy utilized for local evacuation of morbid humours is Irsale Alaq (Leech or Hirudo therapy). It is a procedure of treatment with the use of medicinal leeches which has been suggested and successfully practised by Greeko-Arab physicians since long in the management of various diseases such as musculoskeletal diseases, gynaecological disorders, chronic skin diseases, thromboembolic diseases, varicose veins, ENT disorders. Kashmir is a Muslim majority region and as per Islamic ruling leech therapy is permissible so any Halal treatment in Shariah perspective is accepted in Kashmir. In present study, we chose 100 respondents at random on their consent and with the help of self-developed questionnaire collected information on the topic understudy. The study revealed that Kashmiri people consider leech therapy a traditional /religious treatment and use leech therapy for treatment of many diseases such as to treat frost bite, Chronic skin ailment, sports/accident injuries, Musculoskeletal pain, Hypertension, Sinusitis, Osteoarthrites, Migraine. Majority of respondents recommend leech therapy for people for treatment of various common ailments in Kashmir as they believe its less costly, effective and traditional method of treatment of diseases like Frostbite, sports injuries, arthritis. Statistically, significant difference was observed between male and female respondents for treating various ailments using leech therapy (P<0.05). Further, statistically non significant difference between male and female respondents in leech therapy satisfaction level was observed (P>0.05). In Kashmir like in many Muslim countries a good number of people prefer leech therapy to cure many ailments because of its medical importance. Finally, group discussion with elders and leech healers revealed that one should consult an expert/Doctor before going for leech therapy and in case there is some side effect after leech therapy.
Water falls and Their Tourism Potential in Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Kashmir Region Bilal Ahmad Bhat; Parmil Kumar; Tanzeela Habib; Ishrat Gull; Shazia Sadiq; Bilal Ahmad Zargar; Aasifa Akhter; Samira Khan; Zeenat Islam; Uzma Nazir; Mohammad Inam
Community: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Action Research Based on Community Development
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Tarbiyah Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/community.v3i2.100

Abstract

Kashmir popularly known as heaven on earth is famous for its natural beauty worldwide. The valley of Kashmir, often referred to as the “Switzerland of Asia,” is renowned for its natural beauty, and the beautiful waterfalls contribute to the region’s allure. The waterfalls have been popular tourist attractions, offering both natural beauty and opportunities for outdoor recreation. In this paper, we discusses the well-known waterfalls of Kashmir valley from a historical perspective, examining their role in tourism and their impact on the landscape development. The waterfalls in Kashmir valley usually are found mostly in higher elevations and rugged terrains,requiring construction of footpaths, narrow roads and passes to make them accessible to tourists. The survey of waterfalls revealed that tourists enjoy the visit to waterfalls but recent developments, such as power generation projects and a growing influx of visitors compromises the aesthetic value of waterfalls. It was concluded that for sustainable development, it is crucial for the government and all stakeholders to prioritize environmental protection when undertaking development projects. Balancing tourism infrastructure with ecological preservation is critical to maintain the natural beauty of these sites for future generations in view of present huge tourist flow in the study area.
An Empirical Study on Environmental Laws Awareness Among College Students of Kashmir Valley Bilal Ahmad Bhat; Nazia Fayaz Azad; Iqra Firdous; Sidrat Ul-Muntaha Anees; Samira Khan; Zeenat Islam; Uzma Nazir; Qazi Nusrat; Arshi Rafiq; Mohammad Inam Bhat; Intizar Ahmad
ENGAGEMENT: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 3 No. 3 (2024): Community Empowerment and Services
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/engagement.v3i3.114

Abstract

India, with its wealthy biodiversity and numerous ecosystems, has lengthily diagnosed the significance of environmental conservation for sustainable development. Environmental regulation in India encompasses a vast variety of criminal principles, regulations, and insurance policies that goal to defend and retain the environment, stop pollution, and promote sustainable use of herbal resources. In this study, we use a well-designed validated questionnaire to collect the information from 400 College students (200 male and 200 female) via online/offline mode using simple random sampling. The data collected was analysed statistically using statistical software SPSS (Version 20). The results of our study revealed that majority of respondents were not aware of legal laws, an important part of healthy society. It is important for every individual to study and know about environmental laws as it helps in understanding the environmental principles and regulations that govern the protection of environment. Statistically, non-significant difference was observed between Arts and Science Stream students in practice towards environment (P>0.05). Finally, it was suggested that legal literacy about environmental laws may be promoted as it will make society more fair and useful to protect the environment and address global issues related environment.
Prophetic Medication Al-hijamah (Hijamah) and Approach of Kashmiri People Towards Hijamah Cupping Therapy: An Empirical Study Bilal Ahmad Bhat; Syed Sabahat Ashraf; Shafia Jan; Bilkees Nazir; Intizar Ahmad; Arshi Rafiq
AL-IKHSAN: Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Development of Contemporary Islamic Studies
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/ikhsan.v2i2.54

Abstract

Worldwide cupping therapy  is  used and in  Islam  term Al-hijamah (Hijamah) also called as  prophetic medicine  is used in place of cupping therapy. Holy Prophet Muhammad  (Peace be upon him ) said, the  best among your treatments is Al-hijamah (Hijamah) as it is a promising excretory treatment to clear blood of causative pathological substances. It is a three-step iron excretion technique (skin suction, scarification and suction) through pressure-dependent filtration then excretion via the skin dermal capillaries that significantly decreased serum iron overload and  accompanying oxidative stress by  exploitation of  physiological excretory mechanism. In current study, 200 patients (100 male and 100 female) from various Unani Hospitals of Kashmir were selected at random  for our study on their consent. The study revealed that majority of the respondents understudy were aware of the benefits of Hijamah and there was nonsignificant difference in general between male and female respondents (P>0.05). Hijama is used to treat diseases such as high blood pressure, lower back pain, shingles pain, facial paralysis, spinal disk wear and tear (cervical spondylosis),  cardiovascular disease prevention,  neck pain, musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia, carpal tunnel syndrome, headache, migraine, cellulitis, cough, cold, asthma, acne, urticaria,  neurodermatitis, soft tissue injury, arthritis. Practitioners apply the cups  to different parts of the body of an individual such as neck,back,  between the shoulders, behind the ear, chin, thighs, middle and crown of the head, ankle joints,  knee joints,  breast, buttocks, wrist joints, hips. Finally, researchers  gave the suggestions for the effective use of Hijamah.
Role of KVKs in Jammu & Kashmir under the Plant Protection Act 2001 Nazia Fayaz Azad; Fareed Ahmed Rafiqi; Bilal Ahmad Bhat
JUSTICES: Journal of Law Vol. 3 No. 4 (2024): Progressive and Critical Law Review
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/justices.v3i4.133

Abstract

The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Act,2001 is the culmination of legislative action undertaken by India to give effect to the TRIPS Agreement under the aegis of the WTO regime.  This enactment is applicable in the whole of India including the state of J&K. Like in the rest of India the Ministry of Agriculture implements it through its nodal agencies known as Krishi Vigyan Kendras. This paper shall enumerate the Origin, Genesis, and mandate of  Krishi Vigyan Kendras working under the aegis of the Ministry of Agriculture. It will define the role of KVKs and how farmers benefit from the schemes formulated therein. It shall illuminate the potential contribution of KVK in Kashmir Valley as an implementation machinery under the PPVFR Act 2001 and as an allied department of SKUAST-K. Needless to mention here KVKs play an important role in providing assistance and training to farmers in the shape of OFT [on-farm trials] and FLDs [front-line demonstrations] to enhance the quality of the farmer’s variety.
The Prevention and Control of Pests through Plant Quarantine in India with Special Reference to J&K: Problems and Perspectives Bilal Ahmad Bhat; Fareed Ahmed Rafiqi; Nazia Fayaz; Hina Basharat
ENGAGEMENT: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Community Empowerment and Services
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/engagement.v4i1.138

Abstract

The idea of prevention and control of pests and insects injurious to agricultural production, storage and growth existed prior to the independence. There was a need to update the law in this direction which lead to the passing of Destructive Insects and Pests (Amendment) Act 1992. It was further reinforced by The Plant Quarantine Order, 2003, which puts restrictions on import of plants or plant material unless permitted by the Plant Protection Adviser (PPA) based on the international standards. Quarantine specifically provided for a legal restriction on movement of agricultural commodities for the purpose of exclusion, prevention or delay in the establishment of plants, disease or parasites in the area where they are not present. So a new pest, after arrival and establishment, can rapidly develop into destructive proportions. Plant pest epidemics could result in the loss of agricultural produce. This may adversely affect the food production or an existing export trade. In J&k the apple, saffron, paddy and other agro-products have been badly affected by the import of insecticides, pesticides and  foreign imported plants , so the need for quarantine becomes all the more important.  The research institutions are developing techniques of new varieties of plants and seeds to supplement the fragile biosphere of the territory but the potential threat to spread disease is there. In this paper an attempt is made to assess and evaluate the mechanism of quarantine to safeguard the flora and fauna of the territory.
Understanding the Nutritional Status of Agricultural Women in Village Rangil, Ganderbal District of Kashmir Bilal Ahmad Bhat; Nusrat Aziz; Bisma Zargar; Shafia Jan
Community: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Action Research Based on Community Development
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Tarbiyah Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/community.v4i1.108

Abstract

Agricultural women is expected  to perform both the duties of housewife and farming women. Thus, the nutrition status and dietary pattern of agricultural women can be affect due to heavy mental and physical efforts.  The main  objectives of the current study were to examine  the nutritional status of Agricultural women. Current study includes 200 Agricultural women,  selected randomly from Rangil  village, Ganderbal district of Kashmir valley, J&K. A well designed and structured Questionnaire was employed  to collect the data on General information and  Dietary Recall. The data collected was analysed using appropriate statistical tool. Nutritive value was taken and calculated and compared with Recommended Dietary Allowances. The results of the study shows that out  of  200 respondents on the basis of BMI, we observed that 46% respondents were normal, 33.5% were over weight, 9.5% were Obese I, 5.5% were under weight, 3.5% respondents were severely under weight and 2% respondents were Obese II.  Statistically it was found that there was a significant difference among various BMI groups as (P< 0.01). The results revealed that in majority of cases nutrients studied are not meeting the Recommended Dietary Allowances. Further, statistically, there was a significant difference in BMI between married and unmarried respondents (P<0.01). It was concluded that to tackle the health problems of women living in Rangil village of district Ganderbal, Kashmir valley,  we require a comprehensive approach
Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity Studies of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Roots and Rhizomes of Rheum Webbianum Royle in Wistar Albino Rats Aneequa Rafiquee; Wajid Mohammad Sheikh; Shazia Javeed; Shafiya Bashir; Mubashir Hussain Masoodi; Majid Shafi; Showkeen Muzamil Bashir; Mohammad Younis Dar; Bilal Ahmad Bhat
Cleanliness: Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Research Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Penerbit Hellow Pustaka

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61166/clean.v2i2.11

Abstract

Rheum webbianum Royle, commonly referred to as Himalayan rhubarb, has been extensively utilized in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda and Unani. Despite its traditional and pharmacological significance, comprehensive toxicity studies are necessary to ensure its safety. This study investigates the acute and the sub-acute oral toxicity of the ethyl acetate extract of Rheum webbianum Royle in Wistar rat models. The acute toxicity assessment was performed using female rats, administered a single oral dose of 500 mg/kg and 2500 mg/kg body weight, and observed over 14 days for any toxicological manifestations. Similarly, the sub-acute toxicity study involved the administration of daily oral doses of 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 800 mg/kg to both male and female rats for 28 days. Throughout the experimental period, all animals were rigorously monitored for any alterations in behavior, morphology, or physiological functions, as well as for any mortality occurrences. The findings from the treated groups were systematically compared with those of the control group to evaluate potential toxic effects. Body weight was recorded weekly, and on days 15 and 29, all animals were sacrificed for the assessment of organ weights, hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as gross and microscopic pathology. No mortality or notable behavioral alterations were observed in the rats at the administered doses, during the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity evaluations. Consequently, it was established that the median lethal dose (LD50) of the plant extract, exceeds 5000 mg/kg. The biochemical parameters were found to be within normal ranges, and histopathological analysis revealed no evidence of toxicity. This indicates that the extract concentrations used in the study do not exert toxic effects on organs such as the heart, liver, kidneys, and brain. Thus, we can conclude that the root and rhizome extract of Rheum webbianum Royle is non-toxic at high doses over short periods of use. However, further research may be needed for extended use of the extract.
Water bodies of district Anantnag of Kashmir valley, their Role and Challenges: A Field Study Misara jan; Safiya Gul; Nazakat Hashim; Arbeena Manzoor; Sadaf Rashid; Rabiya Rasool Mir; Aqsa Hanief; Daima Salim; Arshi Rafiq; Bilal Ahmad Bhat
HISTORICAL: Journal of History and Social Sciences Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): History and Cultural Innovation
Publisher : Perkumpulan Dosen Fakultas Agama Islam Indramayu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58355/historical.v4i3.219

Abstract

Kashmir, popularly known as paradise on earth is gifted with numerous water bodies comprising of rivers, lakes, streams and springs.  We discuss in this paper various water bodies of district Anantnag of Kashmir valley, their present status and role. Data was collected from published resources, internet and field surveys for this study. It was found that once clean water bodies of district Anantnag like Tulian lake, Sheshnag Lake, Marsar Lake,  Harbagwan Lake, Jhelum  etc are at present facing significant challenges related to pollution and degradation. . The district is also home to several rivers like the Brengi, Sandran and the Lidder, which originates from Sheshnag Lake. Additionally, Verinag, a spring of historical and scenic importance, is located in Anantnag district, have fallen victim to extensive encroachment, garbage dumping, climate change, over-extraction of ground water,  and the release of untreated sewage. Water bodies play a vital role in the region's ecosystem,  human settlements,  support local ecosystems, agriculture sector, fisheries, and tourism which play a significant role in Jammu and Kashmir’s economy. Field survey revealed that several water bodies, river banks  of district Anantnag due to lack of awareness about waste management,  have become dumping sites for garbage, resulting in environmental degradation as well as  health hazards. Water Pollution, Siltation and Deforestation, Climate Change are the main challenges water bodies are  facing in district Anantnag. In major religions of the world water is considered sacred.  In Islam water occupies a pivotal role, mentioned 63 times in Quran and is recognized  as a blessing that gives and sustains life, and purifies humankind and the earth.  The principle of water conservation in Islam is beautifully illustrated by the rule which says that while making ablutions (wudu) we should be abstemious in the use of water even if we have a river at our disposal.  In conclusion, it is the responsibility of all stake holders to protect  water bodies used as drinking water sources, an important component of our  lives.  
Co-Authors Aasifa Akhter Aasiya Hamid Aneequa Rafiquee Aqsa Hanief Arbeena Manzoor Arshi Rafiq Bilal Ahmad Zargar Bilkees Nazir Bisma Zargar Daima Salim Fareed Ahmed Rafiqi Fiba Arif Hina Basharat Ifrah Rashid Intizar Ahmad Iqra Firdous Ishrat Gull Majid Shafi Misara jan Mohammad Inam Mohammad Inam Bhat Mohammad Younis Dar Mubashir Hussain Masoodi Nazakat Hashim Nazia Fayaz Nazia Fayaz Azad Nusrat Aziz Parmil Kumar Qazi Nusrat Rabiya Rasool Mir Ronika Yousuf Sadaf Rashid Safiya Gul Samira Khan Shafia Jan Shafiya Bashir Shazia Javeed Shazia Sadiq Showkeen Muzamil Bashir Sidrat Ul-Muntaha Anees Syed Sabahat Ashraf Tanzeela Habib Uzma Nazir Wajid Mohammad Sheikh Zeenat Islam