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Examining the influence of social factors on Cambodian high school teachers’ self-efficacy and job performance Em, Sereyrath; Mok, Sarom; Sam, Rany
Journal of Mathematics Instruction, Social Research and Opinion Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): September
Publisher : MASI Mandiri Edukasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58421/misro.v4i3.601

The current study aims to examine the influence of social factors on the self-efficacy and job performance of Cambodian high school teachers, with a particular emphasis on the differences between gender and age groups. To achieve this, a quantitative descriptive method and a causal-comparative analysis were used with data obtained from 639 high school teachers working in four provinces in Cambodia. Specifically, four important social aspects were investigated: the impact of colleagues, education policy, the income of teachers, and the socio-economic background of teachers. The findings indicate that all social determinants have a considerable impact on the self-efficacy and performance of teachers, with salary making the most important contribution. However, there were no statistically significant differences in teachers' perceptions across gender and age groups. This means that all the teachers need additional payments as a priority. Consequently, these findings bring to light the general significance of social effects on teachers' performance and emphasize the necessity of making systemic adjustments in teacher compensation, policy implementation, and support mechanisms. In brief, theoretical and practical implications for educational development in Cambodia are offered, contributing to the expanding body of literature on teachers’ living standards. Finally, future studies should employ a mixed-methods approach better to understand the same or different regions in the country.

Contextual Factors Shaping First-Year Students’ Academic Adjustment: Evidence from Education Institutions in Battambang, Cambodia Lan, Bunrosy; Sam, Rany; Keo, Vireak; Rouet, Wen
Journal of Social Knowledge Education (JSKE) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): August
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jske.v6i3.1861

Purpose of the study: This study investigates the multifaceted factors influencing first-year students' academic adjustment in higher education institutions in Battambang, Cambodia. Specifically, it examines the factors integrating perspectives from educational psychology and sociocultural theory. Methodology: A quantitative research design was employed using a structured questionnaire administered to 350 freshmen from two institutions during the 2023–2024 academic year. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 through descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, hypothesis testing, independent sample t-tests, and ANOVA. Main findings: The results show that ICF, SCF, MEF, and AAF significantly predict academic adjustment, explaining for 47.9% of the variance (R² = 0.479, p < .000), while INF showed no significant effect. The findings highlight the importance of both institutional and socio-emotional dimensions in shaping students’ adaptation to academic life. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study adopts an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on educational, psychological, and sociocultural frameworks to provide a more holistic understanding of student adjustment. Its findings can inform socially institutional practices that enhance first-year student support, teaching quality, and cultural responsiveness. Encouraging active student engagement and peer support mechanisms can further contribute to improved academic transition and retention in the Cambodian higher education context

Validating the Teacher Collective Efficacy Scale in the Cambodian Context: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses Khan, Somphors; Mok, Sarom; Sam, Rany; Em, Sereyrath
Indonesian Journal of Education Research (IJoER) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/ijoer.v6i2.1479

Purpose of the Study: This study is part of a bigger quantitative research design aiming to extract the initial teacher collective efficacy and convergent validity. Methodology: This study collected data from 619 teachers in secondary resource schools. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were employed using SPSS and Mplus software to assess validity and reliability. Main Findings: EFA identified two factors with eigenvalues of 5.13 and 1.54, accounting for 55.58% of the variation in teacher collective efficacy. The EFA results showed a single-dimensional factor representing teacher collective efficacy. CFA confirmed that all nine indicators had strong, statistically significant loadings (p < 0.001) ranging from 0.65 to 0.78. Fit indices (CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.028, RMSEA = 0.057) indicated a very good model fit, supporting the construct validity of the scale. Novelty/Originality of This Study: This study advances knowledge by validating the measurement of teacher collective efficacy through rigorous statistical analysis. It provides empirical evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the scale, contributing to a better understanding of collective efficacy in secondary resource schools.

Transformational Leadership in Education: A Review of Concepts, Roles, Challenges, Practices and their Effects Serey, Mardy; Phon, Sokwin; Hill, Sothea; Sam, Rany; Em, Sereyrath; Pagilagan, Alberto
Indonesian Journal of Education Research (IJoER) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): June
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/ijoer.v6i3.1493

Purpose of the study: This research aims to review the literature on leadership in comparison to transformational leader practices in education and explore the roles, challenges, and its effects. Methodology: This study presents a comprehensive literature review on transformational leadership in education, examining existing knowledge through a wide array of sources, including books, scholarly articles, reports, and credible online sources. Rather than relying on quantitative data and statistical analysis, this research emphasizes an in-depth exploration of the underlying principles and practical applications of transformational leadership in educational contexts. Main Findings: The findings from this study provide policymakers, educators, scholars, and academics with valuable insights into transformational leadership as a powerful driver of organizational change in education. Transformational leaders, through a clear vision for the future, enable staff to elevate organizational performance by moving from low to high achievement levels. By articulating and fostering a shared purpose, transformational leaders empower their teams to implement strategies that directly improve school outcomes. Transformational leadership in education stands as a powerful tool for driving positive change. By inspiring a shared vision, stimulating intellectual growth, building strong relationships, modeling ethical behavior, and empowering individuals, transformational leaders can create a sustainable and impactful legacy in schools. Novelty/Originality of this study: Unlike the other review, this provides uniquely synthesic comparision of transformation leadership style in Western and ASEAN case studies in education with the integration of transformational leadership practices and adaptation with the context of Industry 4.0.

Exploring Cambodian Teachers' Views on Transformational Leadership of School Directors Em, Sereyrath; Mok, Sarom; Sam, Rany
Journal of Social Knowledge Education (JSKE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jske.v6i1.1364

Purpose of the Study: To explore Cambodian teachers’ perceptions of their school directors’ transformational leadership and analyze variations based on gender, age, educational background, and provincial location. Methodology: The study employed ANOVA for statistical analysis, using surveys with 20 statements to assess five aspects of transformational leadership. Data collection involved 639 participants across four provinces. Main Findings: No gender differences were observed. Significant differences existed by age, education, and province. Younger teachers (20–30 years) showed more positive attitudes and educational attainment influenced leadership perception. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study highlights how age, education, and location shape teachers’ views on directors’ transformational leadership, emphasizing the need for adaptive leadership approaches to address diverse teacher expectations in Cambodia , where this type of study has not been done so far.

Contextual Factors Shaping First-Year Students’ Academic Adjustment: Evidence from Education Institutions in Battambang, Cambodia Lan, Bunrosy; Sam, Rany; Keo, Vireak; Rouet, Wen
Journal of Social Knowledge Education (JSKE) Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): August
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jske.v6i3.1861

Purpose of the study: This study investigates the multifaceted factors influencing first-year students' academic adjustment in higher education institutions in Battambang, Cambodia. Specifically, it examines the factors integrating perspectives from educational psychology and sociocultural theory. Methodology: A quantitative research design was employed using a structured questionnaire administered to 350 freshmen from two institutions during the 2023–2024 academic year. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 through descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, hypothesis testing, independent sample t-tests, and ANOVA. Main findings: The results show that ICF, SCF, MEF, and AAF significantly predict academic adjustment, explaining for 47.9% of the variance (R² = 0.479, p < .000), while INF showed no significant effect. The findings highlight the importance of both institutional and socio-emotional dimensions in shaping students’ adaptation to academic life. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study adopts an interdisciplinary approach, drawing on educational, psychological, and sociocultural frameworks to provide a more holistic understanding of student adjustment. Its findings can inform socially institutional practices that enhance first-year student support, teaching quality, and cultural responsiveness. Encouraging active student engagement and peer support mechanisms can further contribute to improved academic transition and retention in the Cambodian higher education context

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