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Perspectives on Directors' Transformational Leadership: Insights from Cambodian High School Teachers Em, Sereyrath; Mok, Sarom; Sam, Rany
Journal of General Education and Humanities Vol. 3 No. 4 (2024): November
Publisher : MASI Mandiri Edukasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58421/gehu.v3i4.328

Different types of leaders work in various settings. School directors have always been regarded as essential individuals in school settings, and they are usually regarded as sample individuals for teachers and other educational staff. The current study investigates high school teachers' perceptions of directors' transformational leadership (DTL) in four Cambodian provinces, concentrating on five essential dimensions: idealized influence (attributes), idealized influence (behaviours), inspirational motivation, individual consideration, and intellectual stimulation. Six hundred thirty-nine teachers participated in the study, indicating favourable evaluations of their directors' leadership methods. Although most variables exhibited uniform perceptions, the findings revealed significant differences in inspiring motivation and individual consideration, especially amongst Kampong Cham and Kampong Chhnang teachers. Teachers in Kampong Cham indicated elevated perceptions of motivation and personalized support from their directors, implying that the efficacy of leadership may differ by provincial settings. These findings emphasize the significance of comprehending local dynamics in educational leadership and reinforce the essential function of DTL in cultivating a supportive and motivated atmosphere for teachers. The study underscores the necessity for customized leadership approaches to elevate teacher satisfaction and promote educational findings in Cambodian schools. Last, but not least, it is recommended that future studies be conducted in provinces other than the four that were part of the current study and that the number of participants is increased. Additionally, combination designs and qualitative designs are recommended.

Exploring Cambodian Teachers' Views on Transformational Leadership of School Directors Em, Sereyrath; Mok, Sarom; Sam, Rany
Journal of Social Knowledge Education (JSKE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): February
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jske.v6i1.1364

Purpose of the Study: To explore Cambodian teachers’ perceptions of their school directors’ transformational leadership and analyze variations based on gender, age, educational background, and provincial location. Methodology: The study employed ANOVA for statistical analysis, using surveys with 20 statements to assess five aspects of transformational leadership. Data collection involved 639 participants across four provinces. Main Findings: No gender differences were observed. Significant differences existed by age, education, and province. Younger teachers (20–30 years) showed more positive attitudes and educational attainment influenced leadership perception. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study highlights how age, education, and location shape teachers’ views on directors’ transformational leadership, emphasizing the need for adaptive leadership approaches to address diverse teacher expectations in Cambodia , where this type of study has not been done so far.

Correlation of Home Environment Among Personality and Academic Performance of Undergraduates in Cambodia Heng, Sereyrathana; Chhourn, Bunhoeun; Loch, Ratana; Mok, Sarom; Em, Sereyrath
Journal of General Education and Humanities Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): February
Publisher : MASI Mandiri Edukasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58421/gehu.v4i1.385

English language performance at higher education level is very important. To improve the learning performance of undergraduates, it is essential to identify the associated factors that could contribute to this enhancement. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the triple dimensions, including personality, academic performance, and family relations of the undergraduates, as well as the association between these dimensions. The study used a quantitative correlational research design involving 100 samples. The data on the triple aspects was gathered through standardized questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics such as Mean, Standard Deviation, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and P-value were adopted for data analysis. The study found that the overall mean score for personality was 3.26, indicating slightly above the medium level, and the mean score for academic performance was 2.30, indicating below the medium level. The mean score for family ties was 3.99, which indicates that the family is above the medium level. In addition, the research found that the undergraduate’s academic performance and personalities were statistically and positively associated with their family relations with (r = 0.378, p = 0.000) and (r = 0.362, p = 0.000) accordingly. The findings suggested the importance of fostering positive family relations, enabling undergraduates to develop positive personalities and improve academic performance. Future studies can be conducted using bigger sample sizes.

Validating the Teacher Collective Efficacy Scale in the Cambodian Context: Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses Khan, Somphors; Mok, Sarom; Sam, Rany; Em, Sereyrath
Indonesian Journal of Education Research (IJoER) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/ijoer.v6i2.1479

Purpose of the Study: This study is part of a bigger quantitative research design aiming to extract the initial teacher collective efficacy and convergent validity. Methodology: This study collected data from 619 teachers in secondary resource schools. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were employed using SPSS and Mplus software to assess validity and reliability. Main Findings: EFA identified two factors with eigenvalues of 5.13 and 1.54, accounting for 55.58% of the variation in teacher collective efficacy. The EFA results showed a single-dimensional factor representing teacher collective efficacy. CFA confirmed that all nine indicators had strong, statistically significant loadings (p < 0.001) ranging from 0.65 to 0.78. Fit indices (CFI = 0.97, TLI = 0.96, SRMR = 0.028, RMSEA = 0.057) indicated a very good model fit, supporting the construct validity of the scale. Novelty/Originality of This Study: This study advances knowledge by validating the measurement of teacher collective efficacy through rigorous statistical analysis. It provides empirical evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the scale, contributing to a better understanding of collective efficacy in secondary resource schools.

The Relationship Between Students’ Attitudes Towards Cooperative Learning Strategies and Their Academic Achievement Nou, Hanrith; Mok, Sarom; Lim, Sothea; Em, Sereyrath
Journal of Social Knowledge Education (JSKE) Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): May
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jske.v6i2.1606

Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study was to investigate students’ attitudes toward cooperative learning, their levels of academic achievement, the relationship between these two dimensions, and the reasons behind their demonstrated attitudes. Methodology: This explanatory sequential mixed methods design was employed, and the convenient sampling technique was adopted to choose 422 students and 7 teachers studying and working at two Generation Schools (NGSs). A survey questionnaire and interview protocol were utilized to collect the data. The statistics, such as percentage, mean, standard deviation, and the independent samples t-test, were used to analyze the data. Main Findings: The findings indicated that students’ attitudes towards cooperative learning were highly positive. The reason behind students’ attitudes towards cooperative learning focuses on its value and benefits. That is to say, students valued cooperative learning for its benefits, including the development of social skills and cognitive domain, stress reduction, enjoyment, and learning performance. However, they had some concerns, including time-consuming, conflicting interests, and potential grade drawbacks in terms of their final course grade. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study revealed that cooperative learning improves social skills, cognitive growth, and stress reduction, but students are also concerned about efficiency and fairness in grading. Accordingly, this study shed light on the practical and emotional problems of cooperative learning that were generally missed in the literature. The findings would also provide a more complete knowledge of cooperative learning's adoption in education by bridging theoretical advantages and real-world student concerns.

Examining the influence of social factors on Cambodian high school teachers’ self-efficacy and job performance Em, Sereyrath; Mok, Sarom; Sam, Rany
Journal of Mathematics Instruction, Social Research and Opinion Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): September
Publisher : MASI Mandiri Edukasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58421/misro.v4i3.601

The current study aims to examine the influence of social factors on the self-efficacy and job performance of Cambodian high school teachers, with a particular emphasis on the differences between gender and age groups. To achieve this, a quantitative descriptive method and a causal-comparative analysis were used with data obtained from 639 high school teachers working in four provinces in Cambodia. Specifically, four important social aspects were investigated: the impact of colleagues, education policy, the income of teachers, and the socio-economic background of teachers. The findings indicate that all social determinants have a considerable impact on the self-efficacy and performance of teachers, with salary making the most important contribution. However, there were no statistically significant differences in teachers' perceptions across gender and age groups. This means that all the teachers need additional payments as a priority. Consequently, these findings bring to light the general significance of social effects on teachers' performance and emphasize the necessity of making systemic adjustments in teacher compensation, policy implementation, and support mechanisms. In brief, theoretical and practical implications for educational development in Cambodia are offered, contributing to the expanding body of literature on teachers’ living standards. Finally, future studies should employ a mixed-methods approach better to understand the same or different regions in the country.

Exploring the Relationships Between Perceived Leadership Style, Job Satisfaction, and Academic Service Quality Among Cambodian Public University Staff Menh, Sophea; Kouy, Sokean; Pok, Visalbot; Mok, Sarom; Em, Sereyrath
Journal of Basic Education Research Vol 6 No 3 (2025): September
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/jber.v6i3.1944

Purpose of the Study: This study aims to investigate the current self-perceptions of public university staff in Cambodia regarding transformational leadership components, job satisfaction, and academic service quality. Methodology: This study employs the quantitative research design. A sample of 336 staff from three selected public universities located in Phnom Penh completed the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) to measure transformational leadership (TRL) dimensions, the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) to measure the level of job satisfaction (JOS), the Service Quality (SERVPERF) to measure academic service quality (ASQ), and a demographic survey. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Main Findings: The study found that public university staff in Cambodia perceived TRL, JOS, and ASQ were at high levels. Ranking from the highest to the lowest mean scores were TRL, JOS, and ASQ, respectively. It was also revealed that there were favorable correlations between TRL dimensions, JOS, and ASQ. This indicates that the TRL dimensions exhibited stronger positive relationships. Every correlation was statistically significant at the 0.01 level. Novelty/Originality of this Study: Through this study, the significance of transformative leadership behavior and its connection to job satisfaction and academic service quality were better understood. The findings of this study offer empirical research on this subject in higher education, which advances the field of leadership studies

The Relationship Between Academic Service Quality and Employee Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Cambodian Public Universities Menh, Sophea; Kouy, Sokean; Pok, Visalbot; Mok, Sarom
Journal of Mathematics Instruction, Social Research and Opinion Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): September
Publisher : MASI Mandiri Edukasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58421/misro.v4i3.692

Research exploring the perceptions of public university employees in Cambodia regarding job satisfaction and academic service quality revealed significant insights. Using a quantitative design with a sample of 336 staff from three Phnom Penh universities, the study found that employees reported a high perception of both their job satisfaction and the academic services they provide. On average, staff felt more satisfied with their jobs than they rated the quality of academic services, although both were perceived positively. This suggests that job satisfaction is a slightly stronger factor. A key finding was the confirmed positive relationship between the two variables, indicating that the perception of academic service quality increases as job satisfaction increases. This correlation highlights the crucial link between employee well-being and the quality of education services. The research, driven by the need to enhance the education sector, provides valuable insights into employee morale and the current state of academic services within the Cambodian public university system, underscoring the importance of focusing on staff satisfaction as a strategy for improving educational offerings.

Impact of Transformational Leadership on Innovation among Managerial Employees in the Banking Sector in Cambodia Chea, Sopheak; Mok, Sarom; Chey, Sarin; Em, Sereyrath
Journal of General Education and Humanities Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): November
Publisher : MASI Mandiri Edukasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58421/gehu.v4i4.696

Transformational leadership is recognized as a critical factor influencing creativity. This strategy should be executed to create an environment, procedure, and framework that fosters innovation in the banking sector. The current study aims to examine how transformational leadership (TL) influences product and process innovation within ACLEDA Bank Plc. in Cambodia. A total of 262 branch managers from ACLEDA Bank Plc. participated in this study, representing all branches of the bank across Cambodia. A quantitative design was employed in this study. Inspired by the Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), the first author of this study created and distributed a Transformational Leadership (TL) questionnaire. To minimize errors and ambiguity, the questionnaire forms were translated into Khmer and back-translated into English by experts, and the instruments were examined to confirm their validity by the field experts, too. The Khmer versions of the questionnaires were deployed in the field for testing, yielding a reliability coefficient of 0.93. The correlation between transformational leadership and innovation was examined using quantitative and explanatory analysis. This study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) using AMOS 20 software. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via computer software methods. The findings indicated that transformational leadership is crucial in fostering innovation within ACLEDA Bank Plc. The primary finding reached was that Intellectual Stimulation exerts minimal influence on the originality of products and processes. Individualized Consideration emerged as the foremost predictor of both aspects, succeeded by Idealized Influence and Inspirational Motivation, respectively. The study indicated that a transformational leadership style improves the overall performance of ACLEDA Bank Plc. by encouraging employee participation in creative processes and products. These findings enhance our comprehension of the mechanisms through which TL fosters creativity. Furthermore, they emphasize the benefits of generating more innovative findings and achievements.

Teaching Metacognitive Reading Strategies: Evidence from Cambodian EFL High School Students Pheng, Sophea; Mok, Sarom; Pok, Visalboth; Em, Sereyrath
Journal of Mathematics Instruction, Social Research and Opinion Vol. 4 No. 4 (2025): December
Publisher : MASI Mandiri Edukasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58421/misro.v4i4.700

It is widely considered that students of English as a Foreign Language get a significant advantage by employing metacognitive tactics. Research that has been conducted in the past has led to a greater knowledge of metacognitive reading methods in the English as a Foreign Language environment. Nevertheless, only a small number of studies have found statistically significant effects on students' reading abilities. As a result, this study anticipated an opportunity to clarify this topic by focusing on the proficiency of high school students in Cambodia who are learning English as a foreign language. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of metacognitive strategy instruction on students’ knowledge of these strategies and on their reading performance on standardised tests. The study was attended by 55 English as a Foreign Language high school students enrolled in a public school in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The students participated for a total of eight weeks. The instruments used for the research were the SORS, the English proficiency reading test, and the lesson plans. In comparison to before the instruction, the students in the Cambodian EFL high school employed the PRS the most after the SORS instruction, followed by the GRS and then the SRS. Additionally, it demonstrated significant gains in both approach awareness (p < 0.01) and International English Language Testing System reading scores (M = 6.65 to 8.13, p < 0.01). The usefulness of specific strategy training in improving the reading performance of students studying English as a foreign language is underscored by these findings. In addition, these results will guide educational methods in Cambodia in the future.

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