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Two-link lower limb exoskeleton model control enhancement using computed torque Parikesit, Elang; Maneetham, Dechrit
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 13, No 6: December 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v13i6.pp6204-6215

Abstract

Robotic technology has recently been used to help stroke patients with gait and balance rehabilitation. Rehabilitation robots such as gait trainers are designed to assist patients in systematic, repetitive training sessions to speed up their recovery from injuries. Several control algorithms are commonly used on exoskeletons, such as proportional, integral and derivative (PID) as linear control. However, linear control has several disadvantages when applied to the exoskeleton, which has the problem of uncertainties such as load and stiffness variations of the patient’s lower limb. To improve the lower limb exoskeleton for the gait trainer, the computed torque controller (CTC) is introduced as a control approach in this study. When the dynamic properties of the system are only partially known, the computed torque controller is an essential nonlinear controller. A mathematical model forms the foundation of this controller. The suggested control approach’s effectiveness is evaluated using a model or scaled-down variation of the method. The performance of the suggested calculated torque control technique is then evaluated and contrasted with that of the PID controller. Because of this, the PID controller’s steady-state error in the downward direction can reach 5.6%, but the CTC can lower it to 2.125%.
Autonomous open-source electric wheelchair platform with internet-of-things and proportional-integral-derivative control Maneetham, Dechrit; Crisnapati, Padma Nyoman; Thwe, Yamin
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 13, No 6: December 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v13i6.pp6764-6777

Abstract

This study aims to improve the working model of autonomous wheelchair navigation for disabled patients using the internet of things (IoT). A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm is applied to the autonomous wheelchair to control movement based on position coordinates and orientation provided by the global positioning system (GPS) and digital compass sensor. This system is controlled through the IoT system, which can be operated from a web browser. Autonomous wheelchairs are handled using a waypoint algorithm; ESP8266 is used as a microcontroller unit that acts as a bridge for transmitting data obtained by sensors and controlling the direct current (DC) motors as actuators. The proposed system and the autonomous wheelchair performance gave satisfactory results with a longitude and latitude error of 1.1 meters to 4.5 meters. This error is obtained because of the limitations of GPS with the type of Ublox Neo-M8N. As a starting point for further research, a mathematical model of a wheelchair was created, and pure pursuit control algorithm was used to simulate the movement. An open-source autonomous IoT platform for electric wheelchairs has been successfully created; this platform can help nurses and caretakers.
Developing a smart system for infant incubators using the internet of things and artificial intelligence Aryanto, I Komang Agus Ady; Maneetham, Dechrit; Triandini, Evi
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 2: April 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp2293-2312

Abstract

This research is developing an incubator system that integrates the internet of things and artificial intelligence to improve care for premature babies. The system workflow starts with sensors that collect data from the incubator. Then, the data is sent in real-time to the internet of things (IoT) broker eclipse mosquito using the message queue telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol version 5.0. After that, the data is stored in a database for analysis using the long short-term memory network (LSTM) method and displayed in a web application using an application programming interface (API) service. Furthermore, the experimental results produce as many as 2,880 rows of data stored in the database. The correlation coefficient between the target attribute and other attributes ranges from 0.23 to 0.48. Next, several experiments were conducted to evaluate the model-predicted value on the test data. The best results are obtained using a two-layer LSTM configuration model, each with 60 neurons and a lookback setting 6. This model produces an R2 value of 0.934, with a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 0.015 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.008. In addition, the R2 value was also evaluated for each attribute used as input, with a result of values between 0.590 and 0.845.
Neobots: an open-source platform for a low-cost neonatal incubator with internet of things approach Aryanto, I Komang Agus Ady; Maneetham, Dechrit; Triandini, Evi
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 13, No 2: June 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v13.i2.pp1817-1837

Abstract

A baby incubator implements the internet of things (IoT) with an architectural design combining several scientific fields, such as networks, software, and hardware. Furthermore, this research develops an open-source platform called Neobots, including open-source program code to create a baby incubator. Then an overview of the system includes sending sensor data to the IoT Broker with the message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) protocol and automatically storing data in the database. The results of the comparison value on each temperature sensor with a temperature sensor at the midpoint with an error of less than 0.7°C. Then testing the fuzzy between the Neobots program and the simulation in MATLAB got an error rate of 0-28.27%. In addition, in less than 10 minutes, the system response can adjust the temperature conditions to a setpoint value of 34°C from 29°C, and the average error value is 0.35°C during 1 hour of the Fuzzy implementation on the incubator. Then transfer data from the incubator to the database in a room without noise and full noise to get results for lost data less than 16.41% and 42.14%, delay rates between 0-6 seconds and 0-7 seconds with testing for 1 hour at every 1 second.
Designing stair climbing wheelchairs with surface prediction using theoretical analysis and machine learning Chawaphan, Pharan; Maneetham, Dechrit; Crisnapati, Padma Nyoman
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 38, No 1: April 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i1.pp120-132

Abstract

Urban settings present considerable obstacles for those use personal mobility wheelchairs, especially when it comes to manoeuvring stairs. The objective of this study is to improve the safety and ease of use of wheelchairs designed for ascending stairs. The study aims to tackle the significant issue of instability and limited ability to adjust to different types of terrain. This research employs a holistic methodology that combines theoretical dynamic analysis, hardware design and simulation, and field testing, in addition to advanced machine learning approaches for surface prediction. Theoretical models guarantee the stability of the wheelchair, while hardware simulations offer valuable insights into its structural integrity. The data obtained from inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors during field tests is analysed and categorised using models like random forest and gradient boosting, which exhibit exceptional accuracy in forecasting movement circumstances. The results demonstrate that the implementation of these combined techniques greatly enhances the wheelchair’s capacity to safely manoeuvre over urban barriers. The study finds that the suggested solutions show great potential for creating intelligent mobility aids, which might be used to improve accessibility for those with mobility limitations.