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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI)
Naik, Mahendra Shridhar
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Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering

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Machine learning-based lightweight block ciphers for resource-constrained internet of things networks: a review Naik, Mahendra Shridhar; Mallam, Madhavi; Soppinhalli Nataraju, Chaitra
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 14, No 3: June 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v14i3.pp2896-2907

Abstract

The increasing number of internet of things (IoT) devices, wearable technologies, and embedded systems has experienced a significant increase in recent years. This surge has brought attention to the necessity for cryptographic algorithms that are lightweight and capable of providing security in resource-constrained environments. The primary objective of lightweight block ciphers is to provide encryption capabilities with minimal computational overhead and decreased power consumption. As a result, they are particularly well-suited for use on devices that have limited resources. At the same time, machine learning methodologies have evolved into powerful mechanisms for the purposes of prediction, categorization, and system optimization. This study introduces a challenges and issues involved in integrating machine learning techniques with the development of lightweight block ciphers.
Lightweight mutual authentication protocol for resource-constrained radio frequency identification tags with PRINCE cipher Naik, Mahendra Shridhar; Sreekantha, Desai Karanam; Sairam, Kanduri V S S S S; Nataraju, Chaitra Soppinahally
IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) Vol 14, No 4: August 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijai.v14.i4.pp3435-3443

Abstract

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a key technology for the internet of things (IoT), with widespread applications in the commercial, healthcare, enterprise, and community sectors. However, privacy and security concerns remain with RFID systems. This manuscript presents a novel RFID-based mutual authentication protocol (MAP) using the PRINCE cipher to address these concerns. The proposed MAP leverages a PRINCE cipher architecture capable of both encryption and decryption based on a mode signal. It performs five encryption and two decryption processes during tag and reader mutual authentication, with updated seed values ensuring synchronization and secure data communication. The PRINCE cipher implementation utilizes less than 1% of slices, operates at 226 MHz with a latency of 3.5 clock cycles (CC), and has a throughput of 4.125 Gbps. The complete RFID-based MAP consumes 721 mW of power, occupies 2% of the chip area, and achieves a latency of 35.5 CC and a throughput of 262 Mbps. This represents a 25% reduction in latency, a 40% increase in throughput, and a 30% decrease in execution time compared to existing MAP approaches. The findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed MAP to enhance latency, throughput, and execution time, offering a promising solution for secure and efficient RFID authentication.
Co-Authors Mallam, Madhavi Nataraju, Chaitra Soppinahally Sairam, Kanduri V S S S S Soppinhalli Nataraju, Chaitra Sreekantha, Desai Karanam