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Phytochemical Profile and Antibacterial Activity of Nigella Sativa against Biofilm-producing Bacteria Uropathogens Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri; Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad; Abubakar, Keta Biman; Luka, Jordana; Abubakar, Aisha; Abdullahi, Tukur Baba; Barau, Saminu Hamman
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.131.141-146

This study explores the antibacterial effects of Nigella sativa seeds on bacteria obtained from clinical samples. The aim was to assess the antibacterial properties of both aqueous and methanolic extracts of Nigella sativa seeds against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. The three samples were collected from the Microbiology Laboratory of Modibbo Adamawa Medical Centre and were reconfirmed using culture, microscopy, and some biochemical tests. The seed samples of N. sativa were procured from herbal point Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The phytochemical assay of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, cardiac glycosides, steroids, saponins, and terpenoids in both extracts. The highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa was demonstrated by the aqueous extract of N. sativa seeds, with inhibition zone diameters of 19.30 Â±0.61 mm, 8.10 Â±2.17 mm, and 12.00 Â±0.29 mm, respectively. However, the methanol extract exhibited slightly greater activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, with inhibition zone diameters of 12.10 Â±0.38 mm and 13.80 Â±0.40 mm, respectively. Both methanol and aqueous extracts showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 25 mg/mL against S. aureus and E. coli. Similarly, for P. aeruginosa, the MIC was 25 mg/mL for methanol extract and 50 mg/mL for aqueous extract. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for both extracts against S. aureus and E. coli was determined to be 25 mg/mL. However, for P. aeruginosa, the MBC was 25 mg/mL for the aqueous extract and 50 mg/mL for the methanol extract. The study indicates that N. sativa seed extract possesses antibacterial properties against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, underscoring its potential as an effective medicinal antibacterial agent.

Prevalence and Biofilm-forming Potentials of Bacterial Uropathogens Among Primary School Pupils in Yola North, Adamawa State Abaka, Abdulazeez Mumsiri; Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad; Ya'u, Ibrahim; Abdulllahi, Tukur Baba
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.122.663-669

This investigation aimed to determine the prevalence and biofilm-forming potentials of bacterial uropathogenic among primary school pupils in Yola North, Adamawa State. A total of 120 clean mid-stream urine samples were collected from apparently healthy children to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated pathogen by the Kirby and Bauer disc diffusion method while the biofilm-forming potential by the standard methods. The result showed 26 % of the samples had significant bacteria growth with the Gram-negative as the highest. The infectivity pattern among the age group showed 8-10 had the highest infectivity percentage (35%) followed by 5-7 and 11-13 with 22.5% and 20% respectively. Six bacteria pathogens were isolated which are E. coli (41.9%) which is the most prevalent isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (29.0%), Pseudomonas sp. (9.7%), Klebsiella sp. (9.7%), Enterobacter sp. (6.5%), Proteus sp. (3.3%). The antibiotic sensitivity test showed an alarming resistance level to nearly all the tested antibiotics showing multi-drug resistant strains. The Biofilm-forming potentials depict E. coli with the strongest potential followed by S. aureus. A high occurrence of asymptomatic UTIs and antimicrobial resistance observed poses a public health concern. Thus, routine diagnostic exercise is recommended for early detection and prompt treatment of the pathogens.

In-Ovo Antiviral Activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa against Newcastle Disease Virus Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri; Hamuel, James Doughari; Abdullahi, Tukur Baba; Abubakar, Keta Biman
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.131.305-310

Newcastle disease is a highly contagious viral infection affecting poultry and wild birds. The causative agent is Avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV-1), causing significant economic losses despite vaccination efforts due to its high mortality rate. Hibiscus sabdariffa was identified at Modibbo Adama University Yola, and laboratory assays were performed at the National Veterinary Research Institute Vom. The study explores the antiviral effects of extracts from H. sabdariffa calyx against a virulent strain of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) using embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). Standard methods were employed for cytotoxicity assay, embryo infective dose 50 (EID50) determination, and therapeutic antiviral assays. Methanol was used for extraction and phytochemical analysis, revealing various bioactive compounds like cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, and phenols. Toxicity assay showed cytotoxicity at concentrations over 25 mg/ml, but therapeutic antiviral assays demonstrated virus replication inhibition at concentrations as low as 5 mg/ml. These findings suggest the potential of H. sabdariffa calyx extracts as safe and effective treatments for NDV, with promising therapeutic antiviral properties. Further pharmaceutical research is recommended to explore their use in developing novel Newcastle Disease treatments.

Molecular Identification of Fungal Complex Associated with Stored Maize Grains Vended in Some Local Government Areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria Peter, Patricia Sanum; Haruna, Aishatu; Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.299-308

Maize is a crucial global crop but remains highly vulnerable to fungal contamination, which poses serious threats to food safety and agricultural productivity. This study aimed to identify fungal species associated with maize samples from Adamawa State, Nigeria, using morphological and molecular techniques. Morphological analysis facilitated genus-level identification, while rDNA ITS sequencing provided precise species-level classification. The identified fungal species included Lichtheimia ramosa, Aspergillus latus, Aspergillus flavus, Amesia atrobrunnea, and Cladosporium cladosporioides. Among them, Aspergillus flavus was the most prevalent (48.1%), followed by A. latus (22.1%), L. ramosa (14.3%), C. cladosporioides (12.9%), and A. atrobrunnea (2.6%). Yola North recorded the highest level of fungal contamination. Growth rate analysis showed that L. ramosa exhibited the fastest growth, while A. atrobrunnea had the slowest. Molecular identification confirmed the fungal species, with ITS sequences displaying 81% to 95% similarity to reference strains. Phylogenetic analysis further clarified the evolutionary relationships among the isolates. The dominance of Aspergillus species, particularly A. flavus, raises concerns due to their mycotoxin-producing capabilities, which pose health risks and compromise food safety. While these findings align with previous reports on fungal contamination in stored grains, they differ from studies highlighting Fusarium and Penicillium as dominant contaminants in other regions. This study emphasizes the need for accurate fungal identification, improved storage techniques, and advanced molecular tools to mitigate contamination. These insights are essential for enhancing food security, promoting agricultural sustainability, and safeguarding public health in maize-reliant regions such as Nigeria.

Utilization of Eco-Friendly Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Wastewater Treatment Barau, Saminu Hamman; Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri; Saidu, Suleiman Alhaji; Bakari, Jameelah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.205-210

This study investigates the potential of green-synthesized Iron II Oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles for remediating wastewater from River Benue, Nigeria, focusing on removing lead (Ld) pollutants. The nanoparticles were synthesized using Annona squamosa leaf extract, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional remediation methods. The wastewater sample, collected from River Benue in Jimeta-Yola, was analyzed using FT-IR, SEM, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. FT-IR analysis identified functional groups like alcohol O-H and conjugated alkene C=C, confirming the role of plant metabolites in nanoparticle synthesis and stabilization. SEM imaging revealed cubical Fe2O3 nanoparticle sizes ranging from 25 to 34 nm, stabilized by the plant extract. The remediation process tested varying nanoparticle concentrations (100, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm) and contact times (60, 120, and 180 minutes) at pH 8.90 and 21.33 K. The highest adsorption efficiency was observed at 1500 ppm over 180 minutes, reducing lead levels from 0.69 mg/L to 0.02 mg/L due to increased chelating sites. Lower concentrations (1000, 500, and 100 ppm) also demonstrated significant adsorption, with lead levels dropping to 0.21, 0.32, and 0.50 mg/L, respectively. The study highlights the advantages of Fe2O3 nanoparticles, including simplicity, rapid production, environmental safety, and a high surface area for effective pollutant adsorption. This green synthesis approach is more sustainable and operationally simpler than tradisional methods, avoiding the environmental risks associated with conventional techniques. The findings suggest that Fe2O3 nanoparticle is promise for efficient and sustainable wastewater purification, offering a viable alternative to existing water treatment technologies. This research underscores the potential of eco-friendly nanomaterials in addressing heavy metal pollution, particularly in developing regions.

Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Activities of Stem Bark Fractions of Eucalyptus globulus Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Isolates Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri; Dominic, Nazuwa; Emmanuel, Alex Yeri; Aliyu, Zayyad Dahiru
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.513-518

The growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has intensified the need for alternative therapeutic agents, with medicinal plants offering promising solutions due to their bioactive compounds. This study investigated the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of Eucalyptus globulus bark extracts against multidrug-resistant bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus). Plant samples were collected from Adamawa State Polytechnic, Nigeria, authenticated (voucher ASP-765), and subjected to reflux extraction using hexane and water. Phytochemical analysis revealed alkaloids, phenols, tannins, glycosides, and terpenoids in both methanol and aqueous extracts, while flavonoids and steroids were absent in aqueous extracts, and methanol extracts lacked saponins. Antibacterial activity was assessed through agar well diffusion and broth dilution assays, demonstrating a concentration-dependent effect. Methanol extracts showed greater efficacy against E. coli and P. aeruginosa (12.8–13.8 mm inhibition zones), while aqueous extracts were most effective against S. aureus (19.3 mm at 100 mg/mL). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values ranged from 25 to 50 mg/mL, with E. coli exhibiting the lowest MIC (25 mg/mL), highlighting the extract’s antimicrobial potential. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using phosphomolybdate and ferricyanide assays. The methanol extract exhibited strong free radical scavenging activity, with a total antioxidant capacity (TAC) expressed in ascorbic acid equivalents (AAE), although lower than pure ascorbic acid. Statistical validation (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.05) confirmed the significance of the results. These findings support the traditional medicinal use of E. globulus and its potential for combating antibiotic-resistant infections and oxidative stress-related conditions. Further studies are recommended to isolate bioactive compounds, determine mechanisms of action, and develop optimized therapeutic formulations for AMR management.

Antibacterial And Synergistic Potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Zingiber officinale Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Abaka, Abdulazeez Mumsiri; James, Bristone Pola; Badamasi, Mohammed Dangana; Usman, Adamu Aliyu
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1391-1397

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health challenge, particularly in developing regions where access to effective drugs is constrained. Medicinal plants provide an alternative due to their affordability, availability, and wealth of bioactive compounds. This study investigated the antibacterial properties of Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle), both widely used in African traditional medicine, against selected bacterial pathogens. Methanolic extracts were prepared from dried rhizomes of ginger and calyces of roselle, and concentrations of 100%, 95%, 90%, and 85% were tested. Antibacterial activity was determined against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas sp. using agar well diffusion. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were established by serial dilution and subculture techniques. Statistical significance was assessed using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test at p < 0.05. Phytochemical analysis revealed steroids, terpenoids, and flavonoids in both plants. Ginger additionally contained saponins, alkaloids, tannins, and carbohydrates, whereas roselle uniquely presented cardiac glycosides. Antibacterial activity increased with concentration, with the 100% extracts showing the highest inhibition zones. The combined extract consistently produced larger inhibition zones compared to the individual extracts (p < 0.05). Ginger exhibited the strongest individual activity against S. aureus, while the combined extract was most effective against E. coli. Pseudomonas sp. was the least susceptible. MIC values confirmed these observations: S. aureus was the most sensitive (25 mg/mL), while E. coli and Pseudomonas sp. each recorded 50 mg/mL. MBC values were uniformly 50 mg/mL across all test organisms. The results demonstrate that ginger and roselle possess significant antibacterial properties, with ginger showing superior individual efficacy and roselle providing complementary metabolites that enhanced combination effects. Their synergistic action supports traditional polyherbal therapy and indicates potential as cost-effective, plant-based interventions against AMR. The findings underscore the need for further research to develop standardized formulations for therapeutic application.

Phytochemical, Acute toxicity, and Antibacterial Activity of Tamarindus indica Against Antimicrobial-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Dominic, Nazuwa; Joel, Ewansiha Uyi; Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri; Yau, Ibrahim
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1537-1545

The escalating public health crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), driven by pathogens like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), demands an urgent expansion of the therapeutic arsenal. This study provides a comprehensive scientific validation of Tamarindus indica L., a plant with extensive ethnobotanical uses, by systematically evaluating its phytochemical composition, antibacterial efficacy, and acute toxicity profile. Phytochemical analysis revealed that methanol extraction was superior to n-hexane, yielding a rich array of bioactive compounds from the leaves, including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic compounds. Quantitative assessment confirmed substantial levels of key metabolites, with saponins (550–1400 mg/100g), total phenolics (800–2000 mg/100g), and flavonoids (450–1100 mg/100g) being the most abundant. Antibacterial assays demonstrated that the methanolic extract possessed potent, strain-specific activity against clinical isolates of S. aureus. A notable finding was the significant susceptibility of one strain (SaD), which showed a zone of inhibition of 23.00 mm at 80 mg/mL, exceeding the activity of the cefoxitin control. The methanol fruit extract exhibited Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values between 4.69 and 9.38 mg/mL. Crucially, the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was identical to the MIC for most strains, indicating a primarily bactericidal, rather than bacteriostatic, mode of action. In stark contrast, the n-hexane extract showed minimal efficacy, highlighting the critical influence of solvent polarity on the recovery of antibacterial constituents. A pivotal component of this research was the toxicological evaluation. An acute oral toxicity study conducted in rats established an excellent safety profile, with no mortality or significant adverse effects observed at the limit dose of 5000 mg/kg, classifying the extract as practically non-toxic according to OECD guidelines. This finding confirms a wide therapeutic window for potential applications. In conclusion, this study definitively links the traditional use of Tamarindus indica to a scientifically verified, bactericidal phytochemical profile effective against S. aureus and a compelling safety margin. These results firmly position T. indica as a promising candidate for the development of standardized herbal medicines to address the growing threat of antibiotic-resistant infections.

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