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All Journal Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Majalah Obat Tradisional Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Sciences of Pharmacy Sciences of Phytochemistry Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry
Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad
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Antidiabetic Activity of Diospyros mespiliformis on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad; Musa, Neksumi
Journal of Fundamental and Applied Pharmaceutical Science Vol 5, No 1 (2024): August
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jfaps.v5i1.19798

Abstract

The rate of morbidity and mortality attributed to diabetes has become a concern and challenge for individuals and governments. The availability, affordability, and efficacy of plant-based drugs make them an attractive choice for diabetic management in low-income countries and rural communities. Thus, their application in folkloric medicine for diabetic management. This study investigated the antidiabetic activity of the crude ethanol extract (CRE), ethyl acetate (EAF), and aqueous (AQF) fractions Diospyros mespiliformis (DM) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats to justify its acclaimed applications in folkloric medicine. The effect of the plant extract and its fractions on the aspartate aminotransferase, glutamyl aminotransferase, albumin, urea, creatinine, electrolytes, and lipid profile was determined by biochemical assay methods. The result showed a significant (p 0.05) decrease in fasting blood glucose for all the extracts, while the aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and albumin were significantly (p 0.05) decreased in the EAF only. The urea and creatinine levels of the CRE and AQF were decreased significantly (p 0.05), while K+, Cl-, and HCO3- levels decreased significantly (p 0.05) for the treatment groups. Furthermore, a significant (p 0.05) decrease in total cholesterol and triglyceride was observed for the EAF. Conclusively, DM exhibited significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic potential with improved lipid profile and hepato-renal function. Thus, the observed antidiabetic activity of the plant might justify its acclaimed utilization in the treatment/management of diabetes and its related ailment.    
Phytochemical Profile and Antibacterial Activity of Nigella Sativa against Biofilm-producing Bacteria Uropathogens Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri; Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad; Abubakar, Keta Biman; Luka, Jordana; Abubakar, Aisha; Abdullahi, Tukur Baba; Barau, Saminu Hamman
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 13, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2024.131.141-146

Abstract

This study explores the antibacterial effects of Nigella sativa seeds on bacteria obtained from clinical samples. The aim was to assess the antibacterial properties of both aqueous and methanolic extracts of Nigella sativa seeds against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. The three samples were collected from the Microbiology Laboratory of Modibbo Adamawa Medical Centre and were reconfirmed using culture, microscopy, and some biochemical tests. The seed samples of N. sativa were procured from herbal point Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. The phytochemical assay of the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, cardiac glycosides, steroids, saponins, and terpenoids in both extracts. The highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa was demonstrated by the aqueous extract of N. sativa seeds, with inhibition zone diameters of 19.30 ±0.61 mm, 8.10 ±2.17 mm, and 12.00 ±0.29 mm, respectively. However, the methanol extract exhibited slightly greater activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, with inhibition zone diameters of 12.10 ±0.38 mm and 13.80 ±0.40 mm, respectively. Both methanol and aqueous extracts showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 25 mg/mL against S. aureus and E. coli. Similarly, for P. aeruginosa, the MIC was 25 mg/mL for methanol extract and 50 mg/mL for aqueous extract. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for both extracts against S. aureus and E. coli was determined to be 25 mg/mL. However, for P. aeruginosa, the MBC was 25 mg/mL for the aqueous extract and 50 mg/mL for the methanol extract. The study indicates that N. sativa seed extract possesses antibacterial properties against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, underscoring its potential as an effective medicinal antibacterial agent.
Prevalence and Biofilm-forming Potentials of Bacterial Uropathogens Among Primary School Pupils in Yola North, Adamawa State Abaka, Abdulazeez Mumsiri; Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad; Ya'u, Ibrahim; Abdulllahi, Tukur Baba
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 2 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.122.663-669

Abstract

This investigation aimed to determine the prevalence and biofilm-forming potentials of bacterial uropathogenic among primary school pupils in Yola North, Adamawa State. A total of 120 clean mid-stream urine samples were collected from apparently healthy children to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated pathogen by the Kirby and Bauer disc diffusion method while the biofilm-forming potential by the standard methods. The result showed 26 % of the samples had significant bacteria growth with the Gram-negative as the highest. The infectivity pattern among the age group showed 8-10 had the highest infectivity percentage (35%) followed by 5-7 and 11-13 with 22.5% and 20% respectively. Six bacteria pathogens were isolated which are E. coli (41.9%) which is the most prevalent isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (29.0%), Pseudomonas sp. (9.7%), Klebsiella sp. (9.7%), Enterobacter sp. (6.5%), Proteus sp. (3.3%). The antibiotic sensitivity test showed an alarming resistance level to nearly all the tested antibiotics showing multi-drug resistant strains. The Biofilm-forming potentials depict E. coli with the strongest potential followed by S. aureus. A high occurrence of asymptomatic UTIs and antimicrobial resistance observed poses a public health concern. Thus, routine diagnostic exercise is recommended for early detection and prompt treatment of the pathogens.
Phytochemical Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Methanol and Ethyl Acetate Extracts of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad; Abaka, AbudulAzeez Mumsiri; Artimas, Susan Pwakangdi
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 12, No 1 (2023)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2023.121.281-288

Abstract

This research aimed to investigate the phytoconstituents and antibacterial effects of methanol and ethyl acetate stem bark extracts of Detarium microcarpum (DM). The phytochemicals were detected and quantified while the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhi was established determining the zone of inhibition (ZI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Phytochemical screening showed alkaloids (16.33% ±0.88) were present in the methanol extract only while saponins and flavonoids were detected in concentrations of 31.00% ±2.31 and 21.01% ±2.33 respectively for the methanol extract and 21.67% ±1.76 and 38.01% ±1.16, for the ethyl acetate. The methanol extract exhibited the highest ZI on S. aureus (21.3 mm ±1.11) with its least inhibition observed on E. coli (6.5 mm ±0.77) while the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the highest ZI on S. typhi (19.1 mm ±2.01). S. typhi exhibited more sensitivity to DM extracts at the least concentrations of 12.5 mg/ml (methanol) and 25 mg/ml (ethyl acetate) while the MBC results showed that the 12.5 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml were the effective respective concentration for methanol and ethyl acetate extracts against S. typhi. Conclusively, DM exhibited an antibacterial effect against the test organisms with notable inhibitory and bactericidal effects.
Characterization and Antioxidant Potential of Acacia nilotica Synthesized Callus and Seed Nanoparticles Ibe, Ifeanyi Jude; Zailani, Hauwa Ahmed; Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad; Gali, Ishaku Adamu
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 29, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.94215

Abstract

This research aimed to explore the callogenesis, characterization, and antioxidant potential of Acacia nilotica callus and seed silver nanoparticles. The callus induction was accomplished using plant growth hormones. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from the seed and callus extracts and characterized using Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antioxidant activities were evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. The callus formation ranged from 77% to 100%. The AgNPs exhibited a face-centered cubic structure with the size predicted to be 25 nm while the SEM images showed the AgNPs had clustered topography and variable surface morphology. Exactly 33 and 26 compounds were respectively identified in the callus and seed with 8-Hexadecenal 14-methyl- (Z)- (7.71%) and linoleic acid (15.77%) being the most abundant, respectively. A significantly (p < 0.05) higher DPPH and FRAP activities were demonstrated by the callus at the highest dose (1 mg/ml). Moreover, 22-Stigmasten-3-one and 3-(azepan-1-yl)-1,2-benzothiazole 1,1-dioxide, respectively from the callus and seed exhibited the most favorable docking interactions with xanthine oxidase, cytochrome P450 21A2, and myeloperoxidase with a possible activity disruption. Conclusively, the callogenesis technique might be regarded as a reliable alternative to produce pharmacologically active secondary metabolites and nanoparticles against oxidative stress-linked ailments. Moreover, 22-Stigmasten-3-one and 3-(azepan-1-yl)-1,2-benzothiazole 1,1-dioxide might be good starting materials for novel therapeutics synthesis against oxidative stress.
Phytochemistry and GCMS Analysis of Ethanol and Aqueous Stembark Extracts of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. Fabaceae Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad; Musa, Neksumi; Badgal, Enoch Buba
Sciences of Phytochemistry Volume 4 Issue 1
Publisher : ETFLIN Publishing House

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58920/sciphy0401268

Abstract

The therapeutic applications of medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases can be attributed to their diverse phytochemical constituents. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition of aqueous and ethanol stem bark extracts of Detarium microcarpum. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to determine the presence and concentrations of phytochemicals, followed by the identification of phytoconstituents using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aqueous extract was found to contain saponins (27.11 ± 0.22%) and flavonoids (47.33 ± 0.70% ), with alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, and terpenoids absent. In contrast, the ethanol extract contained alkaloids (10.78 ± 0.59%), saponins (45.11 ± 0.48%), glycosides (5.44 ± 0.48%), and flavonoids (11.00 ± 0.77%), while steroids and terpenoids were not detected. GC-MS analysis revealed 14 compounds in the aqueous extract and 20 in the ethanol extract. The major constituents of the aqueous extract included hydroperoxide, 1,4-dioxan-2-yl (58.32%), 1,2,3-benzenetriol (16.44%), and cis-p-coumaric acid (11.05%). In the ethanol extract, the predominant compounds were coumarin (29.41%), benzofuran (17.23%), and catechol (9.23%). The identified compounds may serve as potential synthetic templates for the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting various diseases. This study supports the ethnomedicinal use of D. microcarpum and provides a scientific basis for its role in traditional medical practices.
An In Vitro Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. Fabaceae Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad; Oni, Abdulhasib Oluwatobi; Danga, James; Alhaji, Aisha Alfa; Jonah, Faith; Hauwa, Alkasim Yahaya; Muhammad, Zainab
Sciences of Phytochemistry Volume 3 Issue 2
Publisher : ETFLIN Publishing House

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58920/sciphy0302267

Abstract

Medicinal plants are regarded as important sources of exogenous antioxidants due to their phytoconstituents’ free radical scavenging potential. The present study explores the phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity of n-hexane (HFDM) and chloroform (CFDM) fractions of Detarium microcarpum for potential use in the phytotherapy of oxidative stress-linked ailments. The phytoconstituents were qualitatively determined, while the antioxidant activity was determined by in vitro assays. Alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and flavonoids were detected in both fractions, while glycosides and terpenoids were absent. The HFDM (55.40 ± 2.66 AAE µg/mL) showed a significantly higher total antioxidant capacity than the CFDM (34.84 ± 1.22 AAE µg/mL, p<0.05) at the tested concentration (100 µg/mL) while the CFDM (57.84 ± 2.16 AAE µg/mL) exhibited a significantly higher ferric reducing antioxidant power than the HFDM (46.11 ± 1.91 AAE µg/mL, p<0.05) at the tested concentration (100 µg/mL). In the ferric thiocyanate assay, there was no significant (p>0.05) difference between the HFDM (65.59 ± 2.32%) and CFDM (77.42 ± 2.95%). However, both fractions exhibited significantly higher percentage inhibition than ascorbic acid (9.68 ± 5.41%, p<0.05). Moreover, the HFDM (0.21 ± 0.01 nmol/mL) exhibited a significantly lower MDA concentration than the CFDM (0.66 ± 0.06 nmol/mL) and AA (0.46 ± 0.02 nmol/mL). Additionally, ascorbic acid (0.46 ± 0.02 nmol/mL) showed a significantly lower MDA concentration than CFDM (0.66 ± 0.06 nmol/mL). The n-hexane and chloroform fractions of the plants showed promising antioxidant potential, which might be attributed to the identified phytochemicals that have potential applications in the phytotherapy of oxidative stress-linked diseases.
Crude Ethanol Extract of Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. Ebenaceae Leaf and Its Fractions Ameliorate Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad; Musa, Neksumi
Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry Vol. 8 No. 2 (2024): J. Trop. Pharm. Chem.
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia, 75117, Gedung Administrasi Fakultas Farmasi Jl. Penajam, Kampus UNMUL Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25026/jtpc.v8i2.625

Abstract

This study investigated the antidiabetic activity of the crude ethanol extract of Diospyros mespiliformis (DM) and its ethyl acetate (EEF) and aqueous (AQF) fractions on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The result indicated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease and improvement in fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and body weight, respectively. The treatment groups exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) decreased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level (100-117 IU/L) and decreased gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) level in the EEF (4.80 ± 1.02 IU/L) and AQF (5.80 ± 0.80 IU/L) groups only. All the extract-treated groups exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.05) in urea and creatinine levels than the naïve control group (6.94 ± 0.20 mM/L). Moreover, the Na+ remained significantly (p > 0.05) unchanged while the K+ level was significantly (p < 0.05) increased for the treatment groups. The HCO3- of the treated groups increased significantly (p < 0.05) except for the AQF (21.60 ± 1.63 mM/L) group. The total cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05) for the treatment groups while the high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels remained unchanged but significantly higher than the metformin group. DM possesses significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity lowering hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, and improving body weight and diabetic markers.
Phytoconstituents and In Vitro Free Radical Scavenging Potential of n-Hexane and Aqueous Fractions of Cucurbita maxima and Leptadenia hastata Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad; Danga, James; Oni, Abdulhasib Oluwatobi; Zoaka, Hesper Alex; Peter, Rejoice Daniel; Zira, Usanye; Christopher, Patience; Alkasim, Hauwa Yahaya; Zainab, Muhammad
Sciences of Pharmacy Volume 3 Issue 4
Publisher : ETFLIN Publishing House

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58920/sciphar0304265

Abstract

The present study explored the phytoconstituents and radical scavenging activity of the respective n-hexane and aqueous fractions of Cucurbita maxima (CMHF and CMAF) and Leptadenia hastata (LHHF and LHAF) for potential application in oxidative stress-related ailments. The phytoconstituents were qualitatively determined and characterized using Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR), while the antioxidant activity was determined in vitro. Alkaloids were present in only the aqueous fractions of C. maxima and L. hastata, while saponins, steroids, and flavonoids were detected in all the fractions. The FTIR revealed the presence of functional groups, including alcohols, sulfonates, alkenes, alkanes, amines, and aromatics in both plant fractions. The LHHF (35.53 ±2.11 ascorbic acid (AA) equivalent µg/mL) exhibited a significantly (p<0.05) higher total reducing power (TRP) than all the other fractions. The CMHF (69.11 ±2.56 AAE µg/mL) demonstrated a significantly (p<0.05) higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) than all the other fractions. For the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) assay, the highest inhibition was exhibited by LHHF (79.78 ± 3.24%), significantly (p<0.05) higher than AA (26.46 ± 2.12%), CMHF (69.77 ± 3.16%), and CMAF (43.80 ± 2.12%). In the thiobarbituric acid assay, the lowest MDA concentration was exhibited by the CMHF (0.07 ±0.01 nmol/mL), significantly (p<0.05) lower than all the other fractions and ascorbic acid. Conclusively, the n-hexane fraction of both plants presents potential sources of novel antioxidant compounds with significant free radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activities, applicable in ailments linked to oxidative stress.
Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) Characterization and Radical Scavenging Activity Ziziphus spina-christi (Rhamnaceae) Rootbark Fractions Dahiru, Mubarak Muhammad; Hauwa, Alkasim Yahaya; Zainab, Muhammad; Pius, Pwadumadi; Yakubu, Nuhu Dangana
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 30, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/mot.95278

Abstract

This study focused on the secondary metabolite characterization and radical scavenging activity of the chloroform (CF), ethyl acetate (EF), and aqueous fractions (AF) of Ziziphus spina-christi to ascertain its therapeutic potential against oxidative stress. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) characterization and determination of in vitro radical scavenging activity of the plant were carried out. Alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids were present in all the fractions with steroids absent in the AF. The FTIR characterization detected alcohol, conjugated alkenes, and amine groups in the CF and EF. However, alkanes, aromatic amines, sulfonates, and monosubstituted alkanes were also detected in the latter. Moreover, carboxylic acid, alkane, alkene, amines, and phenols were identified in the AF. The EF (72.46 ± 0.55 µg/ml AAE) and AF (71.51± 0.46 µg/ml AAE) demonstrated a significantly (p < 0.05) higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) than CF (50.33 ±0.27 µg/ml AAE). The AF (54.07 ± 0.97 µg/ml AAE) exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) higher total reducing power (TRP) than the EF (42.76 ± 1.60 µg/ml AAE) and CF (30.13 ± 1.32 µg/ml AAE). A significantly (p < 0.05) higher percentage of lipid peroxidation inhibition was exhibited by the CF (71.25% ±3.41) compared to the EF (54.17% ±2.66). Moreover, all the fractions showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher inhibition than ascorbic acid (18.33% ±1.56). The CF (0.16 ±0.01 nmol/ml) and EF (0.21 ±0.01 nmol/ml) demonstrated a significantly (p < 0.05) lower MDA concentration than the AF (0.42 ±0.01 nmol/ml) and ascorbic acid (0.38 ±0.02 nmol/ml). Conclusively, the Z. spina rootbark has potential antioxidant application in oxidative stress therapy with a focus on anti-lipid peroxidation for the CF though the AF has better TAC and TRP.
Co-Authors Abaka, AbdulAzeez Mumsiri Abaka, AbudulAzeez Mumsiri Abdullahi, Tukur Baba Abdulllahi, Tukur Baba Abubakar, Aisha Abubakar, Keta Biman Alhaji, Aisha Alfa Alkasim, Hauwa Yahaya Artimas, Susan Pwakangdi Badgal, Enoch Buba Barau, Saminu Hamman Christopher, Patience Danga, James Fari, Ibrahim Ishaq Gali, Ishaku Adamu Hauwa, Alkasim Yahaya Ibe, Ifeanyi Jude Jonah, Faith Luka, Jordana Muhammad, Musa Muhammad, Zainab Musa, Neksumi Musa, Zuwaira Yusuf Oni, Abdulhasib Oluwatobi Peter, Rejoice Daniel Pius, Pwadumadi Umar, Abubakar Sadiq Waziri, Asma'u Abubakar Ya'u, Ibrahim Yakubu, Nuhu Dangana Zailani, Hauwa Ahmed Zainab, Muhammad Zira, Usanye Zoaka, Hesper Alex