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All Journal International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE)
Bunyamin, Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan
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Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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Advancements in electrical systems for E-bike battery charging: a technical examination of conventional and wireless power transfer technologies Bunyamin, Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan; Baharom, Rahimi; Munim, Wan Noraishah Wan Abdul; Zolkiffly, Mohd Zaid; Ahmad, Ahmad Sukri
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 15, No 3: September 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i3.pp1617-1632

Abstract

Electric bicycles (E-bikes) are becoming key to making transportation more eco-friendly, leading to cleaner air, and lower carbon emissions. The rising popularity of E-bikes calls for innovative battery charging solutions that cater to their specific needs, emphasizing faster charging, high energy efficiency, safety, compact design, smart features, and compliance with international standards. This paper reviews existing and new charging technologies for E-bikes, focusing on their design, charging processes, and safety features. It points out the issues with traditional chargers, such as their negative effects on power quality and grid stability, and introduces wireless power transfer (WPT) as a groundbreaking approach to E-bike charging. WPT enhances convenience by removing the need for physical cables and is seen as a step forward with the integration of power factor correction techniques for better efficiency and energy use. The discussion extends to the future of E-bike charging, exploring emerging technologies that could redefine electric transportation. The study aims to deepen the understanding of E-bike battery charging technologies, their challenges, and future directions, contributing to the advancement of E-bike technology.
Enhancing power quality in wireless DC power supplies through active power filtering: A computer simulation approach Baharom, Rahimi; Bunyamin, Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 15, No 4: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i4.pp2376-2387

Abstract

This paper presents a computer simulation model for a high-power factor wireless DC power supply system, integrating an active power filter (APF) at the rectifier stage on the transmitter side using a rectifier boost technique. The APF, employing a MOSFET switch regulated by active pulse width modulation (APWM) within a current control loop, addresses pulsating and distorted AC supply currents caused by non-linear loads. A robust closed-loop control mechanism, including a subtractor circuit, proportional-integral (PI) controller, and comparator, ensures the generation of a continuous sinusoidal waveform synchronized with the supply voltage. The model utilizes a high-frequency inverter to convert DC to AC, which is then wirelessly transmitted via wireless power transfer (WPT) technology and converted back to DC by a high-frequency rectifier. MATLAB/Simulink simulation results show a significant reduction in total harmonic distortion (THD) of the AC supply current, complying with IEEE 519 standards. Selected results are presented to verify the proposed method's effectiveness in reducing harmonic distortions and enhancing power quality. This study highlights the advantages of WPT in scenarios where traditional wired connections are impractical and underscores the potential of this system for real-world applications, particularly in developing high-power factor wireless DC power supply systems.
Investigating power quality issues in electric buggy battery charger systems: analysis and mitigation strategies Bunyamin, Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan; Muhamad, Samshul Munir; Saidon, Wan Salha; Baharom, Rahimi
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 3: June 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i3.pp2534-2544

Abstract

This paper investigates power quality issues in the battery charger system of an electric buggy. Key power quality parameters such as total harmonic distortion (THD), power factor (PF), input voltage, and input current, were measured and analyzed during the charging process. The findings reveal significant power quality challenges, with THD levels exceeding IEEE 519 standards, indicating inefficiencies and potential risks such as increased heating and stress on charger components. Power factor readings reveal a substantial reactive power component, further contributing to inefficiency. To address these issues, the study recommends implementing harmonic mitigation techniques, such as passive and active filters, to reduce THD levels, using power factor correction methods, and optimizing charging algorithms to manage power demand more effectively. Continuous monitoring of charging parameters is essential for maintaining optimal performance and reliability. Adhering to standards is crucial for the efficient and reliable operation of electric vehicle (EV) charging systems, with regular compliance testing and benchmarking necessary to identify improvement areas and maintain a high-quality charging infrastructure. The proposed solutions aim to develop a sustainable and efficient charging system for electric buggies, providing valuable insights and recommendations for future research and development in power electronics and drive systems for EV applications.
Ferrite-based magnetic shielding for efficiency enhancement in resonant inductive wireless power transfer systems Bunyamin, Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan; Baharom, Rahimi
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 17, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp572-581

Abstract

This paper presents a detailed simulation-based investigation of ferrite-based magnetic shielding to enhance the efficiency and electromagnetic performance of resonant inductive wireless power transfer (RIPT) systems, with a particular emphasis on electric vehicle (EV) wireless charging applications. Two system configurations, a baseline coil-only system and a ferrite-shielded system, were modelled and simulated using CST Studio Suite 3D electromagnetic simulation software under identical geometric and electrical conditions to ensure a fair comparative evaluation. Key performance metrics, including power transfer efficiency (PTE), H-field distribution, and magnetic flux confinement, were analyzed to quantify the shielding impact. The ferrite-shielded configuration achieved a PTE improvement from 98.29% to 99.01%, demonstrating stronger flux concentration, reduced leakage, and lower electromagnetic interference (EMI) exposure. Additional analyses highlight the trade-offs in ferrite integration, including potential core loss, material cost, and thermal drift, while also discussing the system’s robustness against coil misalignment and its alignment with SAE J2954 and IEC 61980 standards for EV charging. The study is limited to a simulation-based approach without experimental validation; however, the findings establish a solid foundation for future hardware prototyping and hybrid shielding exploration, integrating ferrite and composite or metamaterial-based structures. Overall, this work contributes to the development of efficient, EMI-compliant, and thermally stable WPT systems suitable for next-generation EV charging infrastructures.
Modeling and optimization of angular misalignment effects in resonant inductive wireless power transfer for electric vehicle charging Muhamad, Samshul Munir; Bunyamin, Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan; Baharom, Rahimi
International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) Vol 17, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp394-404

Abstract

This paper presents an enhanced electromagnetic modeling and optimization study on the effects of angular misalignment in resonant inductive wireless power transfer (RIWPT) systems for electric vehicle (EV) charging. A detailed 3D model of a double-layer circular coil was developed in CST Studio Suite to investigate coupling degradation, energy loss, and efficiency behavior under angular deviations ranging from 0° to 25°, at a fixed air gap of 30 mm. Performance metrics including mutual inductance, magnetic field distribution, power transfer efficiency (PTE), and loss characteristics were analyzed to establish quantitative misalignment correlations. Results indicate a steady reduction in PTE from 99.979% at 0° to 88.441% at 25°, accompanied by corresponding increases in field asymmetry and energy dissipation. To mitigate these losses, an impedance-tuning strategy was applied by jointly optimizing transmitter-side series and parallel compensation capacitors, which improved PTE at 5° misalignment from 98.777% to 99.801%, restoring near-resonant operation. Additional analyses evaluated thermal impact, material robustness, and dynamic misalignment effects, providing a more holistic understanding of real-world charging scenarios. The study further discusses real-time tuning feasibility using embedded controllers and aligns performance with SAE J2954 and IEC standards for EV wireless charging. The findings establish validated design guidelines and adaptive tuning frameworks for achieving high-efficiency, misalignment-tolerant RIWPT systems, contributing toward robust and energy-efficient EV charging infrastructure.
Impact of ferrite materials on wireless power transfer efficiency for electric vehicles battery chargers Bunyamin, Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan; Baharom, Rahimi
International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) Vol 15, No 1: March 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijape.v15.i1.pp361-372

Abstract

This paper investigates the impact of ferrite materials on the efficiency of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems designed for electric vehicle (EV) and E-bike battery chargers. The study employs 3D full-wave electromagnetic simulations in CST Studio Suite 2024 to evaluate how Laird Performance Materials 33P2098-0M0 ferrite influences magnetic coupling, field confinement, and overall transfer efficiency. Two configurations were analyzed: coil-only and coil-with-ferrite plates, under a fixed 20 mm air gap and an operating range of 30–50 kHz. The inclusion of ferrite materials significantly improved magnetic-flux directivity and coupling strength, resulting in a peak efficiency of 99.21% at 41.3 kHz, compared to 99.09% at 38.1 kHz for the coil-only design. The enhanced configuration also reduced magnetic leakage and improved resonance stability, as verified through mesh-independent simulations and analytical validation with less than 2% error. The proposed model correlates ferrite permeability with mutual inductance and resonant-frequency tuning, confirming the theoretical basis of the efficiency gain. This work bridges a gap in small-scale EV and E-bike WPT research by quantifying the measurable benefits of ferrite integration and providing design guidelines for compact, thermally stable, and high-efficiency wireless charging systems.
Co-Authors Ahmad, Ahmad Sukri Baharom, Rahimi Muhamad, Samshul Munir Munim, Wan Noraishah Wan Abdul Saidon, Wan Salha Zolkiffly, Mohd Zaid