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Tindakan Korupsi Yang Merusak Etika Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Masa Kini: Tinjauan Etika Kristen Hutapea, Rihard; Simangunsong, Amran; Missa, Antonius
Indonesian Journal of Religious Vol. 6 No. 1 (2023): Indonesian Journal of Religious, Vol.6, No.1 (April 2023)
Publisher : LPPM - Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Indonesia Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/ijr.v6i1.7

Abstract

The rampant acts of corruption that occur today in government agencies and in the private sector directly or indirectly affect the economy. This corruptive attitude results in large licensing and operating costs that inevitably will be charged to the price of goods or services produced by the business partner. The high price of goods or services becomes uncompetitive when competing with companies that produce the same product. Christian ethics revolves around morality, which concentrates on whether an action is morally good or bad. This implies that Christian ethics, which is a branch of religious ethics, ensures that human actions are in line with acceptable moral standards, thus contributing a lot to human moral development. Christian ethics forbids and opposes this act of corruption. This writing uses a literature methodology by conducting a literature study from the perspective of David Gushee about the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5:1–48) and supporting it with literature related to the problem of corruption. The result is that corruption is still rampant due to the moral dualism of business people and bureaucratic holders, who in practice separate religious ethics from business activities. Business people and bureaucrats know the correct business ethics that they get from religious teachings that they profess but prefer not to do it because of greed, the nature of wanting to get rich quick.   Maraknya tindakan korupsi yang terjadi pada masa kini di instansi pemerintah maupun di sektor swasta, secara langsung atapun tidak langsung berakibat terhadap perekonomian. Sikap koruptif ini mengakibatkan besarnya biaya perijinan dan biaya operasional yang mau tidak mau akan dibebankan kepada harga barang atau jasa yang dihasilkan oleh si partner bisnis tersebut, tingginya harga barang atau jasa tersebut menjadi tidak kompetitif di dalam bersaing dengan perusahaan yang menghasilkan produk yang sama. Etika Kristen berkisar pada moralitas yang berkonsentrasi pada apakah suatu tindakan secara moral baik atau buruk. Ini menyiratkan bahwa etika Kristen yang merupakan cabang dari etika keagamaan memastikan bahwa tindakan manusia sejalan dengan standar moral yang dapat diterima, sehingga banyak berkontribusi dalam perkembangan moral manusia. Etika Kristen melarang dan menentang terhadap tindakan korupsi ini. Penulisan ini menggunakan metodologi literatur dengan melakukan studi literatur dari perspektif David Gushee tentang kotbah dibukit (Matius 5:1-48) serta didukung literatur-literatur yang berhubungan dengan masalah korupsi. Hasilnya Tindakan korupsi masih tetap marak dilakukan diakibatkan adanya dualism moral para pelaku bisnis dan pemegang birokrasi dimana dalam prakteknya mereka memisahkan etika agama dengan kegiatan bisnis, para pelaku bisnis dan pemegang birokarsi mengetahui etika bisnis yang benar yang mereka dapatkan dari ajaran-ajaran agama yg mereka anut tetapi lebih memilih tidak melakukannya karena sifat serakah, tamak, atau sifat ingin cepat kaya.
Implikasi Teologis Pelayan Tahbisan Perempuan di Gereja Pantekosta Pusat Surabaya (GPPS) Gatotan Surabaya: The Theological Implications of Female Ordination in the Pentecostal Church of Surabaya Central (GPPS) Gatotan Surabaya Mauk, Yedida; Simangunsong, Amran; Missa, Antonius
Journal of Religious and Socio-Cultural Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Journal of Religious and Socio-Cultural Vol.6 No.1 (April 2025)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Widya Agape dan Perkumpulan Teolog Agama Kristen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/jrsc.v6i1.275

Abstract

The Church is rooted in life and proclamation through the events of Jesus' death, resurrection, and the sending of the Holy Spirit to the disciples. The sending of the disciples after Pentecost established various ministries within the church, such as prophets, apostles, evangelists, pastors, and teachers. These ministries are integrated into the role of the pastor, also referred to as the ordained minister. Ordained ministers are chosen by the church or synod if they have received the sacrament of Holy Communion, been baptized, and meet the church's requirements. Ordained ministry is open to both genders, men and women. However, churches have often adopted a patriarchal view, considering men as the suitable candidates for ordained ministry due to their role as the first creation of God, with authority and a direct reflection of God's image and glory. This perspective was previously upheld by the Pentecostal Church of Surabaya Central (GPPS) Gatotan, where patriarchy was prioritized, making it difficult for women to serve as ordained ministers. Feminist theology critiques this patriarchal dominance, particularly in the context of ordained ministry within the church, focusing on GPPS Gatotan. Through a hermeneutic analysis of official church documents, GPPS Gatotan recognized the importance of the role of female ordained ministers as part of the inclusive message of the Gospel. This research contributes to understanding how feminist theology can challenge patriarchal structures and promote gender inclusivity in church leadership, especially within Pentecostal contexts. Gereja berakar dari hidup dan pewartaan melalui peristiwa kematian Yesus, kebangkitan-Nya, dan pengutusan Roh Kudus kepada para murid. Pengutusan para murid setelah Pentakosta membentuk berbagai jawatan dalam gereja, seperti nabi, rasul, penginjil, gembala, dan pengajar. Kelima jawatan ini termasuk dalam jabatan gereja yang disebut dengan Pelayan Tahbisan. Pelayan Tahbisan dipilih oleh gereja atau Sinode Gereja setelah memenuhi syarat sakramen Perjamuan Kudus, baptisan, dan persyaratan gereja lainnya. Jabatan ini terbuka untuk kedua gender, baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Namun, gereja sering kali memandang jabatan ini melalui kacamata patriarki, dengan anggapan bahwa laki-laki lebih layak karena dianggap sebagai manusia pertama yang diciptakan oleh Allah, memiliki wibawa, dan menggambarkan kemuliaan Allah secara langsung. Pandangan ini diterapkan di Gereja Pantekosta Pusat Surabaya (GPPS) Gatotan, yang memprioritaskan patriarki, sehingga peran perempuan sebagai Pelayan Tahbisan sulit diterima. Teologi feminis hadir untuk mengkritisi dominasi patriarki dalam pelayanan tahbisan di gereja, khususnya di GPPS Gatotan. Melalui analisis hermeneutik terhadap dokumen resmi gereja, GPPS Gatotan menyadari pentingnya peran pelayan tahbisan perempuan sebagai bagian dari pesan Injil yang inklusif. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memahami bagaimana teologi feminis dapat menantang struktur patriarki dan mendorong inklusivitas gender dalam kepemimpinan gereja, khususnya dalam konteks gereja Pantekosta.
ANALISIS TEOLOGIS KONSEP KASIH ALLAH DAN MISI DALAM DOKTRIN PREDESTINASI YOHANES CALVIN DAN IMPLIKASINYA KEPADA GEREJA - GEREJA REFORMED INDONESIA : ANALISIS TEOLOGIS KONSEP KASIH ALLAH DAN MISI DALAM DOKTRIN PREDESTINASI YOHANES CALVIN DAN IMPLIKASINYA KEPADA GEREJA - GEREJA REFORMED INDONESIA Cong, Timotius; Lumintang, Ramly; Simangunsong, Amran
Didache: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen Vol. 6 No. 1 (2024): Didache: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen (Vol.6, No.1, December 2024)
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Moriah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55076/didache.v6i1.262

Abstract

Yohanes Calvin memiliki pandangan bahwa kasih Allah bersifat universal yaitu diberikan kepada semua orang berdosa. Selain itu Calvin juga mengajarkan tentang predestinasi. Salah satu wujud kasih Allah menurut Calvin adalah dengan memberitakan Injil kepada semua orang agar mereka mengalami kasih Allah melalui Yesus Kristus. Namun demikian, gereja-gereja Reformed di Indonesia yang menganut paham Calvin tampaknya kurang aktif dalam melakukan misi penginjilan. Akibat kurang bermisi, Gereja reformed di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsep kasih Allah dan misi dalam teologi Calvin, serta mengimplementasikannya dalam konteks Gereja Reformed di Indonesia agar lebih aktif bermisi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Tujuannya adalah untuk menemukan solusi agar semangat penginjilan yang diajarkan oleh Calvin dapat diimplementasikan di gereja reformed di Indonesia dalam rangka melaksanakan perintah Tuhan Yesus agar Injil diberitakan kepada semua orang. Kebaruan penelitian ini terletak pada penerapan teologi kontekstual dalam rangka mengimplementasikan konsep kasih Allah universal Calvin ke dalam konteks Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlunya edukasi terhadap konsep predestinasi yang keliru sehingga menjadi penghalang bagi jemaat pergi bermisi, dan perlunya kontekstualisasi konsep kasih Allah dalam bermisi untuk meningkatkan jumlah jemaat.
Click for Tolerance: The Transformation of Christian Religious Education through Digital Media in Fostering Inclusive Attitudes in Indonesia Bulan, Susanti Embong; Simangunsong, Amran
MODERATE: Journal of Religious, Education, and Social Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): MODERATE: Journal of Religious, Education, and Social (November 2025)
Publisher : Perkumpulan Teolog Agama Kristen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/moderate.v3i1.16

Abstract

This study examines the transformation of Christian Religious Education (CRE) in Indonesia through the integration of digital media as a pedagogical and theological tool for nurturing inclusivity and tolerance in a plural society. Employing a qualitative–interpretive approach, the research combined semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and digital ethnography involving Christian educators, students, and online learning communities. This design allowed the study to capture how digital platforms influence religious formation, interfaith engagement, and ethical awareness within virtual learning environments. The findings indicate that digital media can democratize access to theological education and foster intercultural dialogue by creating new spaces of communication and collaboration. However, challenges emerge in the form of digital alienation, ethical ambiguity, and the risk of superficial spiritual engagement. Through a critical–reflective framework, the study argues that the effectiveness of digital Christian education depends on its ability to integrate technological innovation with moral discernment and theological depth. The research concludes that inclusivity in digital pedagogy is not merely a technical or institutional concern but a spiritual and ethical endeavor grounded in love, justice, and respect for human dignity. Ultimately, this study proposes a vision of “clicking for tolerance”—a model of Christian education that transforms digital spaces into environments of dialogue, compassion, and peace, contributing to Indonesia’s broader project of interreligious harmony.   Contribution: This study contributes to the development of digital theology and Christian Religious Education by offering a reflective framework for integrating faith, ethics, and technology in Indonesia’s pluralistic context. It provides practical insights for educators and policymakers on how digital platforms can become instruments of inclusion, empathy, and peacebuilding through faith-informed pedagogy.   Penelitian ini mengkaji transformasi Pendidikan Agama Kristen (PAK) di Indonesia melalui integrasi media digital sebagai alat pedagogis dan teologis untuk menumbuhkan sikap inklusif dan toleransi dalam masyarakat yang majemuk. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif–interpretatif, penelitian ini menggabungkan wawancara semi-terstruktur, analisis dokumen, dan etnografi digital yang melibatkan para pendidik Kristen, siswa, serta komunitas pembelajaran daring. Desain ini memungkinkan penelitian untuk menangkap bagaimana platform digital memengaruhi pembentukan religius, keterlibatan lintas iman, dan kesadaran etis dalam lingkungan pembelajaran virtual. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa media digital dapat mendemokratisasi akses terhadap pendidikan teologis dan mendorong dialog antarbudaya melalui penciptaan ruang-ruang komunikasi dan kolaborasi baru. Namun, tantangan muncul dalam bentuk keterasingan digital, ambiguitas etika, serta risiko keterlibatan spiritual yang dangkal. Melalui kerangka kritis–reflektif, penelitian ini berpendapat bahwa efektivitas pendidikan Kristen digital bergantung pada kemampuannya untuk mengintegrasikan inovasi teknologi dengan kepekaan moral dan kedalaman teologis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa inklusivitas dalam pedagogi digital bukan sekadar persoalan teknis atau kelembagaan, tetapi merupakan upaya spiritual dan etis yang berakar pada kasih, keadilan, dan penghormatan terhadap martabat manusia. Pada akhirnya, penelitian ini mengajukan visi “klik untuk toleransi” — sebuah model pendidikan Kristen yang mentransformasi ruang digital menjadi lingkungan dialog, belas kasih, dan perdamaian, serta berkontribusi pada proyek besar harmoni antaragama di Indonesia.   Kontribusi: Studi ini berkontribusi terhadap pengembangan teologi digital dan Pendidikan Agama Kristen dengan menawarkan kerangka reflektif untuk mengintegrasikan iman, etika, dan teknologi dalam konteks pluralistik Indonesia. Studi ini memberikan wawasan praktis bagi para pendidik dan pembuat kebijakan tentang bagaimana platform digital dapat menjadi sarana inklusi, empati, dan pembangunan perdamaian melalui pedagogi yang berlandaskan iman.
RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN MARK 9:38-40 AND ITS MISSIOLOGICAL IMPLICATION TO INDONESIAN CONTEXT Simangunsong, Amran
QUAERENS: Journal of Theology and Christianity Studies Vol 6 No 2 (2024): Vol 6 No 2 (2024): QUAERENS: Journal of Theology and Christianity Studies
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Widya Agape dan Perkumpulan Teolog Agama Kristen Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/quaerens.v6i2.244

Abstract

Religious freedom is constitutionally guaranteed in Indonesia under Pancasila, yet in practice, violations such as restrictions on places of worship and conflicts involving religious minorities persist. This paradox between legal recognition and practical implementation raises urgent theological and missiological questions. To address this issue, this study interprets Mark 9:38–40, where Jesus’ inclusive teaching challenges exclusivist attitudes and affirms cooperation beyond one’s own community. Using literature study, document analysis, and biblical interpretation, the article explores how this passage provides a theological foundation for an inclusive understanding of mission in Indonesia’s pluralistic context. The findings reveal that Christian mission should transcend institutional boundaries and engage constructively with society through dialogue, respect, and collaboration across faith traditions. Theologically, Mark 9:38–40 affirms that God’s mission operates beyond the visible church, calling Christians to uphold religious freedom as both a constitutional right and a divine mandate. The main contribution of this study lies in integrating Indonesia’s constitutional realities with biblical insights, offering a contextual theological framework that enriches the discourse on religious freedom and strengthens the practice of Christian mission in pluralistic societies.
Evangelism Mission in the Trap of Christianization Issues: An Attempt to Restore an Inclusive Alternative Evangelism Model in Diverse Indonesia Widjaja, Imron; Simangunsong, Amran
Indonesian Journal of Religious Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Religious, Vol.8, No.1 (April 2025)
Publisher : LPPM - Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Indonesia Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46362/ijr.v8i1.52

Abstract

The mission of evangelism in Indonesia is often hampered when non-Christians identify it as a Christianization movement. For Muslims in particular, Christianization is considered apostasy. This issue has long been fanned as a trigger for the emergence of radical Islamic movements. Many sources record that Christianization is launched not only to atheists or anists, but also to those who have adopted official religions. Indeed, the pure and sincere mission of evangelism has been tainted with a new form of what non-Christians call Christianization? What is the difference between evangelism and Christianization? Is it true that Christianization has become a coordinated, systemized and massive movement as is widely discussed by many media, or is it just a one-sided accusation? This paper will examine the empirical facts and re-question the truth. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, through library research and in-depth observation of facts in the field. The result of this article is a call for a more inclusive and subtle approach to evangelism in Indonesia, distinguishing it from Christianization, to foster interfaith harmony and avoid colonial perceptions. This article contributes by distinguishing between evangelism and Christianization, highlighting the importance of adopting a subtle, inclusive approach to evangelism in Indonesia to avoid the perception of it as a form of Christianization and to foster interfaith harmony.
TEOLOGI KEADILAN (MISHPAT) DALAM KITAB MIKHA DAN RELEVANSINYA TERHADAP KEADILAN SOSIAL BAGI ORANG KRISTEN DI INDONESIA Pardede, Harold; Lumingkewas, Martin; Simangunsong, Amran
EKKLESIA: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani Vol. 2 No. 1 (2023): November 2023
Publisher : STT Ekklesia Pontianak

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63576/ekklesia.v2i1.39

Abstract

A just and prosperous society is the main goal of every nation. The hope that every society will experience justice and prosperity has been dreamed of by every nation since ancient times. In the Bible, God is described by His characteristics, namely love and justice. Being just means that God supports the moral order of the universe, and in His treatment of mankind. He behaves correctly and gives humans what is their right. In the book of Micah there is a lot to say about justice (mishpat). In the context of the book of Micah, there is injustice committed by humans, especially religious and political leaders, so that God is angry with His people. He expresses His wrath against all forms of unfair treatment towards fellow humans. Injustice will bring divine judgment. This is also related to justice in the history of the Indonesian nation. Injustice is always rampant and oppresses the weak and poor. Injustice has been carried out by the rulers since ancient times so that many Indonesian people have experienced misery. As a pluralistic nation based on a strong foundation, namely the fifth principle of Pancasila, social justice for all Indonesian people, in fact in Indonesia there are still many people who experience injustice. In the current context, some Christians in Indonesia very often experience injustice. Christians are considered a minority and often experience unfair behavior regarding freedom of worship. Several groups of Christians often face rejection and persecution when they want to carry out their worship as clearly regulated in the law. Therefore, in this research, with qualitative data, the author, using various book, news and journal sources, wants to see the correlation of the story about justice (mishpat) in the book of Micah with social justice that occurs in the Indonesian nation. The author wants to show that a loving God will act fairly against the religious and political leaders of a nation who dare to act unfairly and arbitrarily towards their people.  Masyarakat yang adil dan makmur tujuan utama dari setiap bangsa. Harapan agar setiap masyarakat merasakan keadilan dan kemakmuran telah diimpikan setiap bangsa-bangsa sejak zaman kuno. Di dalam Alkitab, Allah itu digambarkan dengan sifatNya yaitu kasih dan adil. Bersifat adil berarti bahwa Allah menopang tatanan moral semesta alam, dan dalam perlakuan-Nya terhadap umat manusia. Ia bersikap benar dan memberikan manusia apa yang sudah menjadi hak-nya. Di dalam kitab Mikha berbicara banyak soal keadilan (mishpat). Dalam konteks kitab Mikha terdapat ketidakadilan yang dilakukan manusia terutama pemimpin agama dan politiknya sehingga Allah murka kepada bangsaNya. Dia menyatakan murka-Nya terhadap segala bentuk perlakuan tidak adil terhadap sesama manusia. Ketidakadilan akan mendatangkan penghukuman Ilahi. Hal ini juga berkaitan untuk dihubungkan dengan keadilan dalam sejarah bangsa Indonesia. Ketidakadilan selalu merajalela dan menindas orang orang lemah dan miskin. Ketidakadilan dilakukan para penguasa sejak zaman dulu sehingga banyak masyarakat Indonesia mengalami sengsara. Sebagai bangsa majemuk yang dilandasi oleh dasar yang kuat yaitu sila kelima dari pancasila, keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia, nyatanya di Indonesia masih banyak orang yang mendapat ketidakadilan. Dalam konteks zaman sekarang, Sebagian orang orang Kristen di Indonesia sangat sering mengalami ketidakadilan. Orang Kristen dianggap kaum minoritas dan sering sekali mendapat perilaku tidak adil menyangkut soal kebebasan beribadah. Beberapa kelompok orang Kristen sering mendapat penolakan dan aniaya ketika ingin melakukan ibadahnya yang sebagaimana diatur dengan jelas dalam undang undang. Maka itu, dalam penelitian ini, dengan data kualitatif, penulis dengan menggunakan berbagai sumber buku, berita dan jurnal ingin melihat korelasi dari kisah soal keadilan (mishpat) dalam kitab Mikha dengan keadilan sosial yang terjadi di bangsa Indonesia. Penulis ingin menampilkan bahwa Allah yang penuh kasih pasti akan bertindak adil terhadap para pemimpin agama dan politik suatu bangsa yang berani berlaku tidak adil dan semena-mena kepada masyarakatnya.