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All Journal International Journal of Management Research and Economics Jurnal Nakula: Pusat Ilmu Pendidikan, Bahasa Dan Ilmu Sosial International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting Demokrasi: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, Sosial dan Politik Mikailalsys Journal of Advanced Engineering International Mikailalsys Journal of Mathematics and Statistics International Journal of Education, Management, and Technology African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Open Access DRIVERset
Sulaiman Ahmad
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Humanities Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences Other

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A Theoretical Exploration of Paraletrix Calculus as an Extension of Rhotrix Mathematics Isa Yahaya; Salisu Lukunti; Umar Mujahid Aliyu; Imafidor Hassan Ibrahim; Mohammed Abubakar Kolo; Sulaiman Ahmad; Nura Hashim; Mohammed Yusuf Marafa
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 3 No 1 (2026): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v3i1.9100

Abstract

This paper, titled A Theoretical Exploration of Paraletrix Calculus as an Extension of Rhotrix Mathematics, builds upon earlier studies in generalized matrix theory by extending the structural and operational framework of non-standard matrix-like objects. Atanassov and Shannon [1] first introduced matrix-tertions and matrix-ngittrets as entities that interpolate between 2-dimensional vectors and 2×2 matrices, thereby enriching the conceptual landscape of generalized matrices. Ajibade [2] subsequently advanced the field by proposing thotrices as intermediates between 2×2 and 3×3 matrices, while further developments in rhotrix theory have established various multiplication techniques, such as heart-oriented and row–column multiplications—and yielded several important results. Recognizing the diversity of both rectangular and square matrices, the paraletrix structure was formulated as a generalization of the thotrix, allowing unequal numbers of rows and columns and thus providing a more flexible algebraic setting. This study extends the mathematical framework by introducing differentiation and integration within paraletrix calculus, defining these operations for paraletrix-valued functions with respect to an independent variable. In doing so, it lays the groundwork for a coherent calculus on paraletrices as a theoretical extension of rhotrix mathematics and generalized matrix theory.
Model Integratif Kepastian Hukum, Tata Kelola Manajemen, dan Ketahanan Ekonomi dalam Membangun Organisasi yang Berkelanjutan: (Sebuah Pendekatan Interdisipliner) Rehulina Bangun; Sulaiman Ahmad; Syahrudin Marpaung; Cahyoginarti Cahyoginarti; Ratna Ratna
Demokrasi: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, Sosial dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Juli : Demokrasi: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, Sosial dan Politik
Publisher : Asosiasi Peneliti dan Pengajar Ilmu Hukum Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62383/demokrasi.v3i3.1839

Abstract

This study aims to develop an Integrative Model of Legal Certainty, Management Governance, and Economic Resilience in building sustainable organizations through an interdisciplinary approach that combines legal, management, and economic perspectives. This research employs a qualitative approach using the Systematic Literature Review method, supported by library research and conceptual analysis. The literature review process was conducted systematically based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines by analyzing reputable scientific articles, reference books, and relevant policy documents. The findings indicate that legal certainty serves as an institutional foundation that provides stability, legitimacy, and predictability in organizational operations. Meanwhile, management governance functions as an implementation mechanism that transforms regulations into transparent, accountable, responsible, independent, and equitable organizational practices. The integration of legal certainty and governance strengthens economic resilience by improving organizational capacity in managing risks, responding to strategic environmental changes, and maintaining long-term operational sustainability. This study identifies a research gap in previous studies, which often examine legal, governance, and economic dimensions separately, resulting in limited comprehensive frameworks. The theoretical contribution of this research is the development of an integrative model that combines Legal Certainty Theory, Good Corporate Governance Theory, Institutional Theory, Stakeholder Theory, Economic Resilience Theory, and Sustainable Organization Theory. The proposed model provides a conceptual foundation for academics, policymakers, and organizational leaders in developing governance strategies that enhance economic resilience and support sustainable organizational development amid global challenges.
Co-Authors Abdulhalim Isah Ibrahim Abdulwasiu Umar Abubakar Assidiq Hussaini Abubakar Yahya Adamu Bernadetta Anita Jeri S Cahyoginarti, Cahyoginarti David Opeoluwa Oyewola Desfrida, Mardelia Hassan Muhammad Ibrahim Abubakar Adamu Imafidor Hassan Ibrahim Isa Yahaya Isah Adamu Joel John Taura Mohammed Abubakar Kolo Mohammed Yusuf Marafa Mubarak Muhammad Mustapha Mohammed Mansur Nura Hashim Ratna Ratna Rehulina Bangun Salisu Lukunti Siti Asnida Nofianna Syahrudin Marpaung Umar Mujahid Aliyu Wallen Juliet Piapna'an