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Influence of chitosan addition on the properties and characteristics of acrylic acid-chitosan based superabsorbent prepared through gamma irradiation technique and its application for urea loading Jayanudin, Jayanudin; Lestari, Retno Sulistyo D.; Barleany, Dhena Ria; Pitaloka, Alia Badra; Yulvianti, Meri; Demustila, Harly; Yulianto, Amin; Anggoro, Dendy Vito; Ruhiatna, Adam
Jurnal Teknika Vol 19, No 2 (2023): AVAILABLE ONLINE IN NOVEMBER 2023
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36055/tjst.v19i2.20842

Abstract

Superabsorbent can be used as a carrier for urea-fertilizer which can release urea slowly and can be used as a dry soil moisturizer. The main goal of the current study was to investigate the influence of adding chitosan grafted onto acrylic acid as a superabsorbent base material on the properties and characteristics of the resulting superabsorbents. The method used to prepare the superabsorbent was the gamma irradiation technique. Acrylic acid was neutralized by adding KOH, and then chitosan was added. The mixture was put in a plastic container, followed by irradiation with gamma rays. The formed superabsorbent was washed and dried in an oven, then the dry superabsorbent was analyzed for its properties and characteristics. The results showed that superabsorbent properties such as swelling ratio (from 49.38 g/g to 49.38 g/g), water retention (0.43%-0.89% after 7 days), and urea loading (86.75% to 96.4%) were affected by the amount of chitosan added. However, adding too much chitosan can reduce the superabsorbent properties. The characterization of the superabsorbent revealed a smooth surface with a porous structure, and FTIR analysis showed that chitosan was grafted onto acrylic acid.   
Optimization of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Bagasse (Saccharum officinarum) by Acid Hydrolysis Prayoga, Wahyu Nur Alfath; Aziz, Adit Abdul; Syahrir, Adam; Pitaloka, Alia Badra
World Chemical Engineering Journal VOLUME 7 NO. 2 DECEMBER 2023
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36055/wcej.v7i2.23125

Abstract

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a compound produced from refining alpha cellulose with excessive amounts of acidic minerals that has a white visual color, odorless and biodegradable. MCC is often used as an excipient in the pharmaceutical and food industries. This study aimed to determine the content of alpha cellulose from bagasse with varying concentrations of nitric acid and the highest degree of crystallinity produced from microcrystalline cellulose. The research began with drying and smoothing bagasse. Then, the bagasse was delignified using HNO3 solution with a concentration of 5%, 7.5% and 10%, followed by NaOH solution. The sample obtained was bleached using NaClO solution to obtain alpha cellulose. Then, alpha cellulose was hydrolyzed using HCl solution to obtain microcrystalline cellulose. The purity of alpha cellulose with nitric acid concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, and 10% was 37.63%, 32.48%, and 23.73%, respectively, and the highest crystallinity produced was 67.45% in MCC HNO3 10%.
Synergistic Ability of Tannin – Silica as a Corrosion Inhibitor with the Addition of KI to Mild Steel in Demineralized Water Arief, Hendra; Pramudita, Marta; Pitaloka, Alia Badra
World Chemical Engineering Journal VOLUME 7 NO.1 JUNE 2023
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36055/wcej.v7i1.20626

Abstract

The rapid industrial growth in Indonesia today requires effective and efficient operating and maintenance conditions. The application of corrosion protection in cooling towers and boilers shows that inhibitor materials such as nitrates, nitrites and chromates must be used in large concentrations; these inhibitors also cause environmental pollution. For this reason, bio-inhibitors derived from natural ingredients have begun to be developed. Tannins and silica are widely known as effective inhibitors in controlling carbon steel corrosion. The synergistic mechanism of inhibitors is known to increase the effectiveness of inhibitory substances. This study aims to study the effectiveness and understand the mechanism of tannin and silica inhibitors and the effect of adding potassium iodide. as a synergistic inhibitor. This study used samples of mild steel carbon steel with demineralized water media at a temperature variation of 30-60oC and immersion time of 1, 2 and 3 hours. Variations in the concentration of tannins and silica used are 0-1250 ppm, and the corrosion measurement method uses the weight loss method. The results showed that adding potassium iodide. They have increased the ability of mild steel corrosion inhibitors produced by tannin-silica synergy. The corrosion rate of mild steel can be reduced by 82.95% at a concentration of tannin-silica-KI 1250 ppm. Therefore, tannin-silica synergy with the addition of potassium iodide. It has the potential to be a good alternative in the use of corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in demineralized water.
Effect of Bio-Coating Material Concentration of Rice Husk Extract (Oryza Sativa) and Damar Resin (Agathis Dammara) on Reducing Corrosion Rates in H2SO4 Solutions Pramudita, Marta; Zayadi, Adi; Pitaloka, Evi Diah; Rochmat, Agus; Pitaloka, Alia Badra; Agustina, Sri
World Chemical Engineering Journal VOLUME 8 NO. 2 DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/wcej.v8i2.30154

Abstract

Corrosion is one of the main problems in industry, especially in cooling systems, refinery units, pipelines, chemicals, oil and gas production units, boilers and water processing, paints, pigments, lubricants, and others. The use of inhibitors has been proven to reduce the rate of corrosion. Still, it is limited by long-term stability, so it is necessary to provide other protection for mild steel, namely coating the metal with a coating material. Coating is the process of covering base material to protect the material from corrosion and provide protection to the material. The silica contained in rice husk extract and damar resin has the potential to be good bio-coating. This research aims to determine the effect of damar resin concentration on the corrosion rate and corrosion rate efficiency. The method used in this research uses several methods, one of which is the weight loss method. The resin and silica sol obtained from ashing rice husks are mixed to form a homogeneous product. Metal samples that have been coated with bio-coating material are soaked in 1 M sulfuric acid solution, with varying resin concentrations of 25, 50, and 75 gr with immersion times of 1, 2, and 3 hours, and at temperatures of 30, 40, 60, and 80 °C, which was then tested for the capability of the bio-coating material. This research obtained the highest corrosion rate value of 0.8860 mmpy using a temperature of 80˚C and a immersion time of 3 hours, with a corrosion efficiency value of 62.96%. Meanwhile, the lowest corrosion rate was 0.2143 mmpy at a temperature of 30˚C and a immersion time of 1 hour, with a corrosion efficiency value of 85.71%.
Diffusion and Relaxation Kinetics of Chitosan-graft-poly (Acrylic Acid) Hydrogels: A Theoretical and Experimental Study Jayanudin, Jayanudin; Lestari, Retno S. D.; Barleany, Dhena Ria; Pitaloka, Alia Badra; Yulvianti, Meri; Prasetyo, Dimas
World Chemical Engineering Journal VOLUME 8 NO. 2 DECEMBER 2024
Publisher : Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/wcej.v8i2.29920

Abstract

Hydrogels, as three-dimensional polymer networks, are extensively utilized due to their ability to absorb significant amounts of water while remaining insoluble. Chitosan-grafted poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels, in particular, combine high water absorption with improved mechanical properties, making them ideal for applications in agriculture and drug delivery. This study investigates the swelling kinetics of chitosan-graft-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels synthesized with varying concentrations of the crosslinker N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA). The objective is to establish the relationship between crosslinker concentration and hydrogel performance by evaluating their swelling behavior using kinetic models. The hydrogels were prepared via free-radical polymerization, with MBA concentrations of 0.015 g (Hgel 1), 0.05 g (Hgel 2), and 0.1 g (Hgel 3). The research results indicate that swelling increases as the MBA concentration decreases. This was attributed to the lower crosslinking density, which reduces the entanglement of polymer chains. Hgel 1 displayed the greatest swelling ratio 171.71 g/g, while Hgel 2 150.21 g/g and Hgel 3 144.76 g/g. The research results indicate that the swelling behavior is best described by the diffusion kinetics model, as evidenced by the best fit between the experimental data and calculations, with R² values of 0.996, 0.996, and 0.984 for Hgel 1, Hgel 2, and Hgel 3, respectively. The applicability of pseudo-second order model, in good agreement with the one found for Hgel 2 (R2 = 0.997). These results suggest that diffusion dominates the swelling behaviour and that hydrogel behaviour is sensitive to crosslinker concentration. This work highlights the potential use of chitosan-graft-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels for sustainable applications in agriculture and biomedicine.