Ismail, Nurhuda
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Examining stigma dynamics: a scoping review of social network analysis in communicable disease contexts Baharuddin, Izyan Hazwani; Ismail, Nurhuda; Patterson, Megan S.; Yasin, Siti Munira; Naing, Nyi Nyi; Ibrahim, Khalid
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 14, No 1: March 2025
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v14i1.24202

Abstract

The global COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to the profound impact of stigma on individuals, communities, and societies. Social network analysis (SNA), based on network theory, offers a transformative approach to investigate the complex interplay of social structures, relationships, and information dissemination in communicable disease contexts. This scoping review aims to examine the utilization of SNA in studying stigma dynamics related to communicable diseases, assess the current research landscape, identify gaps, and highlight key findings. Three databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed) were searched for studies on SNA and stigma in communicable diseases. From the identified studies, three eligible articles were selected for review, providing insights into the role of stigma as a barrier to social integration, thereby impacting network centrality. The review also explores patterns of stigma communication on social media and examines the impact of interventions on individuals’ social networks. Overall, this review emphasizes the value of SNA in comprehending the intricate relationships between social networks and stigma in communicable disease contexts.
Prognostic Scoring for Chronic Kidney Disease Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Malaysia: A Review of the i-CKD Tool Khebir, Muhammad Hariz ‘Ammar; Razak, Tajul Rosli; Hafidz, Muhammad Iqbal Abdul; Ismail, Nurhuda; Isa, Mohamad Rodi
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background : Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major complication of type 2 diabetes and contributes significantly to morbidity and healthcare costs in Malaysia. Early recognition of individuals at risk is essential, yet current clinical prediction practices remain inconsistent and are not systematically informed by combined clinical and biochemical parameters. A structured prognostic score offers a systematic approach to support early risk stratification and timely intervention. Objective : This review aims to synthesize evidence on the development and validation of the i-CKD prognostic scoring tool designed to predict chronic kidney disease risk among patients with type 2 diabetes in Malaysia. Research Methods/ Implementation Methods : This review will explore the staged development process of the i-CKD score, including the identification of key predictive factors, development of the scoring model, and subsequent internal and external validation. The methodological evaluation will emphasize the selection of predictors and statistical assessment of model discrimination and reliability throughout each phase. Results : A prognostic scoring tool (i-CKD score) will be developed and undergo internal and external validation to determine its predictive performance. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : This review underscores the value of structured risk stratification in the early detection and management of chronic kidney disease. While various prognostic tools have been proposed, limitations in standardization, validation, and clinical integration persist. The i-CKD score has the potential to strengthen clinical decision-making by supporting earlier identification of high- risk individuals.
Prognostic Models for Recurrent Bacteriologically ConfirmedTuberculosis: Evidence and Applications in Malaysia Rameli, Nur Adila Che; Razak, Tajul Rosli; Ismail, Nurhuda; Ismail, Ahmad Izuanuddin; Teruna, Muhammad Muaz Shahriman; Salleh, Muhammad Muzzammil Mohamad; Yusoff, Mohamad Zuhair Mohamed; Khebir, Muhammad Hariz ‘Ammar; Sallehhu, Muhammad Irfan Mohd
Mulawarman International Conference on Tropical Public Health Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): The 4th MICTOPH
Publisher : Faculty of Public Health Mulawarman University, Indonesia

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Abstract

Background : Bacteriologically confirmed recurrent tuberculosis (TB) continues to become a hurdle to TB elimination efforts. Patients experiencing recurrence face poorer treatment outcomes, higher mortality and increased risk of community transmission. Early identification of high-risk individuals for recurrence is important to support targeted surveillance, timely clinical follow-up and optimised preventive strategies. A prognostic risk score offers a systematic approach to risk-stratifying and promotes proactive intervention before disease reactivation. Objective : To develop and validate a prognostic bacteriologically-confirmed recurrent TB risk score Methods : Research The process will be conducted in three phases: identification of independent predictors associated with bacteriologically confirmed recurrent TB and development of the risk score, internal validation and external validation. Predictor selection and model development will be using multivariable regression techniques. Model performance will be assessed through discrimination and calibration indices and will be evaluated across phases.Methods/ Implementation Results :This study will produce a validated bacteriologically confirmed Recurrent TB risk score tool. The parameters of sensitivity, specificity, receiver operative characteristics, will be calculated and compared to determine the performance of the tool. Conclusion/Lesson Learned : This study will be able to identify high risk individuals prior to recurrence and has the potential to guide targeted monitoring, strengthen TB control efforts and reduce TB burden. Findings also support evidence based risk stratification for other infectious disease with recurrence potential.