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All Journal International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Journal of Public Health Sciences Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Development Bincang Sains dan Teknologi
Khairatun Hisan, Urfa
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Computer Science & IT Dentistry Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health Transportation Veterinary

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Audiovisual media effectiveness in post-cataract surgery care education in National Eye Center Cicendo Hospital Syabariyah, Sitti; Muhtar Hidayat, Tantan; Sofiyah, Yusi; Khairatun Hisan, Urfa
International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) Vol 12, No 4: December 2023
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijphs.v12i4.22814

Abstract

Currently, eye surgery is the only viable solution to reserve blindness in cataract patients. Nonetheless, post-cataract surgery care plays an important role in the effectiveness of cataract surgery. To ensure the success of post-cataract surgery, healthcare providers must support patients with adequate knowledge regarding post-cataract surgery care. In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of audiovisual media in post-cataract surgery care education on improving patients’ knowledge. This quasi-experimental study is designed with one group pre-test and post-test approach. We recruited a total of 58 participants aged ≥40 years with senile cataract diagnosis who underwent cataract surgery by phacoemulsification in one eye using local anesthesia or neurolept, with visual acuity in the unoperated eye ≥0.08, and without hearing loss. Participants were given complementary post-surgery education through audiovisual media for 7 minutes and participants were instructed to fill out the questionnaire about post-cataract surgery care prior to and after getting the complementary audiovisual media education. The collected data were analyzed using the frequency distribution analysis and Wilcoxon test. The findings suggest that the application of audiovisual media in post-cataract surgery care education significantly increases patients’ knowledge (p-value<0.001). This study concludes that providing education through audiovisual media is recommended for post-cataract surgery patients.
Ethical Issues in Schizophrenia Research: A Scoping Review and Qualitative Interview Study Khairatun Hisan, Urfa
Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Development Vol. 3 No. 02 (2024): Journal of Health Sciences and Medical Development
Publisher : The Indonesian Institute of Science and Technology Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56741/hesmed.v3i02.598

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a major research focus due to its complex etiology and treatment challenges. Ethical issues in schizophrenia research include informed consent, decision-making capacity, and the protection of vulnerable populations. Not all schizophrenia patients can provide ethical consent, highlighting the need for careful consideration in research practices. This study examined empirical studies on these ethical domains, identifying significant gaps and offering recommendations. We aimed to synthesize ethical issues from the literature and understand ethics committee members' perspectives through a mixed-methods approach, including a scoping review and qualitative interviews with three ethics committee members. For the review, four major databases were systematically searched for studies related to ethical issues in schizophrenia research. As a result, 35 of 5,222 moderate and high-quality records were included in the scoping review. Eight themes emerged from the scoping review and interview process: informed consent and decision-making capacity; willingness to participate and compensation in research; risk-benefit consideration and perception; therapeutic misconception; participants safeguard; ethical issue in various study designs; research guidelines; and recommendations for the involved parties in schizophrenia research. We conclude that individuals with schizophrenia should actively participate in research decision-making, ensuring dignity and respect.
Designer Babies are No Longer Science Fiction: What are The Ethical Considerations? Khairatun Hisan, Urfa; Romero, Cyril B.
Bincang Sains dan Teknologi Vol. 2 No. 03 (2023): Bincang Sains dan Teknologi
Publisher : The Indonesian Institute of Science and Technology Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56741/bst.v2i03.437

Abstract

Designer babies, a concept once relegated to science fiction, are now a burgeoning topic of discussion and exploration in genetics and bioethics. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the designer baby phenomenon, examining its definition and evolution from cinematic fantasy to scientific possibility. We delve into the intricate mechanisms behind designer babies, shedding light on the genetic engineering technologies, particularly CRISPR, that underpin this concept. While these technologies hold immense promise, they are still nascent, awaiting rigorous development and ethical scrutiny. The paper highlights the current state of designer baby research, emphasising that successful implementations on human subjects remained unverified as of its writing. Notably, we recount the controversial case of He Jiankui, whose unapproved and ethically questionable experimentation with CRISPR on embryos in China sent shockwaves through the scientific community. The arguments surrounding designer babies are dissected, presenting both proponents' views, such as the potential to eradicate genetic diseases and enhance human potential, and critics' concerns about ethical dilemmas, reduced genetic diversity, social inequality, and unpredictable consequences. Ethical considerations are paramount, touching upon human dignity, social justice, eugenics, unintended consequences, autonomy, and the impact on religious and moral convictions. Once a fantastical notion, designer babies have become a tangible subject of scientific inquiry and ethical discourse. This paper endeavours to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted dimensions surrounding designer babies, allowing readers to contemplate the ethical, social, and scientific implications of a future where genetic engineering may shape the very essence of human existence. As society grapples with these profound questions, we must navigate this uncharted territory with wisdom, responsibility, and an unwavering commitment to ethical principles.
Artificial Intelligence for Human Life: A Critical Opinion from Medical Bioethics Perspective – Part I Khairatun Hisan, Urfa; Miftahul Amri, Muhammad
Journal of Public Health Sciences Vol. 1 No. 02 (2022): Journal of Public Health Sciences
Publisher : The Indonesian Institute of Science and Technology Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (511.899 KB) | DOI: 10.56741/jphs.v1i02.214

Abstract

Since the end of the second artificial intelligence (AI) winter in 1993, AI popularity has been skyrocketing. Catalyzed by the rapid advancements of supporting technologies such as computational power and storage capacity, AI has been widely developed for various sectors of human lives. Although there is a common global consensus stating that the development of AI should consider ethical principles, until when this paper was written, the debates on how we can define an AI as ‘ethical’, how the AI ethical guidelines should be formulated, who has the rights to determine the ethical aspects of AI, and how can we reinforce the guidelines to the AI developer/operator is still going on. In this article, we summarized the research and studies related to AI development from the ethical perspective that have been conducted within the last 10 years. We discussed several cases of AI development misconduct and ‘unethical’ AI, such as biased algorithms and privacy breaches during data gathering.
Artificial Intelligence for Human Life: A Critical Opinion from Medical Bioethics Perspective – Part II Khairatun Hisan, Urfa; Miftahul Amri, Muhammad
Journal of Public Health Sciences Vol. 1 No. 02 (2022): Journal of Public Health Sciences
Publisher : The Indonesian Institute of Science and Technology Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (688.433 KB) | DOI: 10.56741/jphs.v1i02.215

Abstract

Healthcare and medical fields are among the areas of AI applications that require serious attention when it comes to ethical and trustworthy AI. In the medical field, artificial intelligence is applied in laboratory research, regulation-policy making, and clinical intervention. Several factors need to be seriously accounted for in the AI-empowered healthcare system, including algorithm transparency, bias mitigation, domain-expert involvement, privacy and data protection, and informed consent. In this article, we summarized the applications of AI in the field of medical and healthcare sectors. We also presented the possible ethical issues in AI applications in mentioned sectors. These issues include transparency and safety, informed consent and right to information, algorithmic fairness and biases, and data privacy and sharing regulation. We then present the basic principles of AI ethics and the existing AI guidelines, especially for the fields of medicine and healthcare. Based on the existing issues and guidelines, we believe that there are still many factors that need to be perfected, such as how we can generalize these guidelines worldwide and how these guidelines can be legally-binding. Detailed clauses in the guideline and law enforcement are another issue that should be addressed such that no loophole can be addressed. Ethical consideration is critical in AI applications, especially in the medical and healthcare fields. Until these issues can be totally addressed, we believe that AI applications in healthcare should be very strictly monitored.
Co-Authors Miftahul Amri, Muhammad Muhtar Hidayat, Tantan Romero, Cyril B. Sofiyah, Yusi Syabariyah, Sitti