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A review on microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication systems at 3.5 GHz Rana, Md. Sohel; Chakrobortty, Paris; Pal, Sourav; Rahman, Md. Mahmudur; Sarker, Arpon; Saha, Pranto; Rahman, Sohanur
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i4.5941

Abstract

This article presents a review of several microstrip patch antennas for 3.5 GHz wireless applications. Different substrate materials, FR-4 (loss), FR-4 Epoxy, Rogers RT/droid 5880, TLC-30, and Rogers RT/droid 5880 LZ, are used. In recent years, wireless antenna applications have increased, including biomedical appliances, internet of things (IoT) terminals, edge devices, radars, mobile phones, and many more. In this work, several articles were reviewed and investigated, and several microstrip patch antennas with a resonance frequency of 3.5 GHz were designed using different substrate materials and shapes. This article also discussed the geometric shapes of antennas, antenna properties, sizes of substrate materials, loss tangent, thickness, return loss, bandwidth, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, efficiency, and directivity. Several software is used for design and simulation, including computer simulation technology (CST), high-frequency simulation frequency (HFSS), and advanced design system (ADS), FEKO, and MATLAB. The main goal of this paper is to talk about different wireless application papers that work in the S-band at a frequency of 3.5 GHz and have been published in various international journals and conferences.
Microstrip patch antenna design and simulation for S-band wireless applications operating at 3.5 GHz Rana, Md. Sohel; Fahim, Tahasin Ahmed; Ghosh, Bithe; Rahman, Md. Mostafizur
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 12, No 6: December 2023
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v12i6.5626

Abstract

In the modern world, wireless technology is one way to send information from one place to another. This technology is getting better and better with time, which significantly impacts the activities that make up daily living. This wireless application has the most impact on mobile and other technologies. This research paper shows the design and analysis of a 3.5 GHz microstrip patch antenna (MPA) for wireless applications. The substrate material is Roggers RT/duroid, which has a dielectric permittivity of 2.2 computer simulation technology (CST) software does antenna design and simulation. Some observed parameters are the S-parameter, antenna directivity gain, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and bandwidth. From the simulation, the return loss, VSWR, directivity gain, and bandwidth are -50.4227, 1.0061, 7.43 dBi, and 122.1 MHz respectively. This study aims to find the best return loss, get the most directional gain, and get the VSWR closer to 1. When this antenna was used, the results were better than those in scientific journals and conferences. As a result, this antenna is anticipated to fulfill the requirements of various wireless communication applications effectively.
An Adam based CNN and LSTM approach for sign language recognition in real time for deaf people Kumer Paul, Subrata; Ala Walid, Md. Abul; Rani Paul, Rakhi; Uddin, Md. Jamal; Rana, Md. Sohel; Kumar Devnath, Maloy; Rahman Dipu, Ishaat; Haque, Md. Momenul
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 1: February 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i1.6059

Abstract

Hand gestures and sign language are crucial modes of communication for deaf individuals. Since most people can't understand sign language, it's hard for a mute and an average person to talk to each other. Because of technological progress, computer vision and deep learning can now be used to count. This paper shows two ways to use deep knowledge to recognize sign language. These methods help regular people understand sign language and improve their communication. Based on American sign language (ASL), two separate datasets have been constructed; the first has 26 signs, and the other contains three significant symbols with the crucial sequence of frames or videos for regular communication. This study looks at three different models: the improved ResNet-based convolutional neural network (CNN), the long short-term memory (LSTM), and the gated recurrent unit (GRU). The first dataset is used to fit and assess the CNN model. With the adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizer, CNN obtains an accuracy of 89.07%. In contrast, the second dataset is given to LSTM and GRU and a comparison has been conducted. LSTM does better than GRU in all classes. LSTM has a 94.3% accuracy, while GRU only manages 79.3%. Our preliminary models' real-time performance is also highlighted.
Optimization of a CH3NH3SnI3 based lead-free organic perovskite solar cell using SCAPS-1D simulator Rana, Md. Sohel; Abdur Razzak, Md.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i4.7333

Abstract

In this study, a CH3NH3SnI3-based perovskite PV cell with the structure (FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3SnI3/Cu2O) was made and optimized by changing the layer thickness, defect density, and doping profile using the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS) 1D simulator. To better understand how the device interface affects carrier dynamics, a synergic optimization of the device is done by altering the electron-transport layer (ETL) and hole-transport layer (HTL) materials. The light glows through the window layer of Sn2O: F, which serves as the transparent conducting oxide layer in our suggested cell construction and then travels over TiO2 as an n-type ETL. Due to its unique features, the p-type perovskite (CH3NH3SnI3) is chosen as the primary absorber layer. Lastly, Cu2O is added as an HTL before the back contact because it has a higher hole conductivity and the proper offsets for spreading the valance and conduction bands. Additionally, Cu2O-based devices outperform frequently utilized spiro-OMeTAD-based devices in terms of efficiency. According to the findings of these simulations, the optimized structure has a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 41%, an open-circuit voltage of 1.32 V, a short-circuit current density of 34.31 mA/cm2 and a fill factor (FF) of 90.5%. Additionally, the optimized structure has a short-circuit current density of 34.31 mA/cm2.
Factors Influencing Purchase Intention in Digital Marketing: A Thematic Analysis Rana, Md. Sohel; Sharmin, Shadia; SM Nahidul Islam
International Journal of Management and Digital Business Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Peneliti Ilmu Ekonomi dan Bisnis Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54099/ijmdb.v4i1.1159

Abstract

This study explores the elements influencing Bangladeshi consumers' purchase intentions in the digital marketing sector, a topic rarely addressed in previous research. Guided via a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were performed, and thematic analysis was carried out. Key themes identified include convenience and time-saving, access to detailed information and customer reviews, price sensitivity and comparison, social Influence, technological integration, visual appeal and content quality, and customer service experience. The findings provide valuable insights for marketers to better apprehend patron behavior and help policymakers perceive vital factors for powerful product techniques inside the digital marketplace. Theoretical implications include a deeper know-how of consumer decision-making in a virtual context, especially in rising markets like Bangladesh.
For S-band WLAN applications, a patch antenna design, simulation, and optimization Ahmed, Md. Eftiar; Pranto, Biprojitt Saha; Rana, Md. Sohel; Faruq Shakil, Md. Omar; Ala Walid, Md. Abul; Arin, Ifat; Mondal, Saikat; Chooyan, Samanta Mostafa
Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Vol 38, No 3: June 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i3.pp1613-1623

Abstract

A rectangular microstrip patch antenna for 2.45 GHz is designed, tested, and analyzed in this study. It uses two substrate materials (design I and II) with different permittivity levels. RT5880 (design-I) and FR-4 (design-II) substrates have a thickness of 1.57 mm and 1.6 mm, respectively. Design-I and design-II substrates have relative permittivity of 2.2 and 4.3, respectively. Performance and efficiency are considered due to the substrate material's relative permittivity and thickness; return loss (S11), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, directivity, surface current, and efficiency. Design II and design I have 3.25 dBi and 8.089 dBi gains, respectively, and 5.92 dBi and 8.64 dBi directivity, respectively. Design I had the best antenna efficiency, 93.64%, compared to design II, 54.96%. In contrast to the design I and design II, which had return losses (S11) of -53.29 dB and -51.38 dB, each of the suggested antennas had a return loss (S11) of more than -50 dB. The VSWR for design I is 1.0043, while the Design II material is 1.0054. This study aims to reduce return loss (S11) and close the VSWR to 1. This proposed design improves antenna gain, directivity, and efficiency for future wireless applications on wireless local area networks (WLANs).
A review of 2.45 GHz microstrip patch antennas for wireless applications Rana, Md. Sohel; Rocky, Tanvir Rahman; Islam, Md. Arif; Mamun, Al; Joy, Sanjay Kumar; Mondal, Saikat; Ahmed, Md. Toukir; Islam, Md. Hasibul; Pal, Sourav; Chowdhury, Imran; Faruq, Omar
International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences Vol 13, No 2: June 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijaas.v13.i2.pp269-281

Abstract

Recently, microstrip patch antennas have become popular. Due to their ubiquity, these antennas have more uses every day. In this research paper, a 2.45 GHz microstrip patch antenna has been reviewed and analyzed. Different substrate materials have been used to make these antennas, and their thickness is different. Various antennas are designed based on the application, such as rectangular, square, triangle, ring, donut, and dipole. Other types of software were used to design the antenna, including CST, HFSS, MATLAB, ADS, and FEKO. Microstrip patch antenna design is a relatively new field of study for wireless applications. Several devices are linked to send or receive radio waves using a single antenna. Antennas designed for 2.45 GHz are used in various wireless communication systems, including television broadcasts, microwave ovens, mobile phones, wireless local area network (WLAN), Bluetooth, global positioning system (GPS), and two-way radios. This article looks at the geometric structures of antennas, including their many parameters and materials and the many different shapes they can take. In addition, the substrate materials, the loss tangent, the thickness, the return loss, the bandwidth, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), the gain, and the directivity of previous articles will also be discussed.
Designing, developing and analyzing of a rectangular-shaped patch antenna at 3.5 GHz for 5G applications at S band Halder, Sukanto; Rana, Md. Sohel; Ahad, Md Abdul; Shahriar, Md. Shehab Uddin; Al Mamun, Md. Abdulla; Rahaman, Md. Mominur; Faruk, Omer; Ahmed, Md. Eftiar
International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) Vol 15, No 6: December 2025
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5422-5432

Abstract

This research study focuses on the design and analysis of two distinct patch antennas for 5G applications at 3.5 GHz. Rogers RT5880 served as the foundational material for antenna designs I and II. A 50 Ω feed line is utilized to supply both antennas. According to the calculations, Design I exhibits a reflection coefficient (S11) of -32.98 dB, a voltage standing wave ratio of 1.045, a gain of 7.81 dBi, an efficiency of 89.2%, and a surface current of 66.82 A/V. Design II has a reflection coefficient (S11) of 34.98 dB, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.036, gain of 8.78 dBi, efficiency of 89.87%, and surface current of 62.7 A/V. Among the two antenna designs, design II outperformed design I, and the results indicate that the antenna fulfilled the designated purpose. The novelties of the proposed paper are to design two different patch antennas using same materials and highlight the performance of the design parameters. Design II is proficient in supporting 5G services owing to its advantageous performance. In addition, S11 of the antenna is reduced to bring the VSWR value is close to 1. Also, improve gain, directivity and efficiency by bringing the antenna impedance matching close to 50 Ω.