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Le Monde, Brilliant Umara
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Control & Systems Engineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering

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Effect of ultrasound-advanced oxidation processes for pretreatment of oil palm mesocarp fiber for cellulose extraction Anggoro, Didi Dwi; Prasetyaningrum, Aji; Udaibah, Wirda; Imtinan, Alifa Bakhitah; Nabilah, Farhanah; Le Monde, Brilliant Umara
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 13, No 3 (2024): May 2024
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2024.60027

Abstract

Palm mesocarp fiber, a by-product of the palm oil industry, holds significant potential as a cellulose source for biofuel, biopolymer, and biocomposite production. However, its utilization is hampered due to the presence of lignin, which covers the cellulose. The use of ozone promotes a high level of lignin degradation, making it efficient in breaking down lignin bonds in lignocellulose. However, the ozonation method has low ozone mass transfer. This deficiency can be overcome with ultrasonic waves because of the cavitation phenomenon that can expand the contact surface of ozone and lignocellulose. The ozonation-ultrasonic hybrid method is used to remove lignin. This research investigates the use of a hybrid ozonation-ultrasonic method with the effect of reaction time and pH under acidic conditions on the pretreatment of palm oil mesocarp fiber. This process was carried out at reaction times (70, 80, and 90 minutes) and solution pH (4, 5, and 6) with an ozone flow rate of 2 L min-1. The cellulose content was analyzed using the Chesson method. The results showed a decrease in lignin and an increase in cellulose, which was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis shows a decrease in the lignin absorption peak at 1635 cm-1 and 1420 cm-1. XRD analysis showed an increase in crystallinity after pretreatment, with lignin degradation observed at 6.35%. SEM Morphological showed a more friable, stable, and porous surface after pretreatment, indicating the presence of perforations in the cell walls and the damage to the lignin structure. Therefore, this research succeeded in reducing the use of chemicals in the biomass waste delignification process. The ozonation-ultrasonic hybrid pretreatment process, which aims to degrade lignin in palm fiber biomass, shows promising results, producing high cellulose content in palm fiber by reducing the amount of chemicals as mostly used in conventional processes.
Free hydrogen-deoxygenation of waste cooking oil into green diesel over Ni-Marble waste catalyst: Optimization and economic analysis Anggoro, Didi Dwi; Prasetyoko, Didik; Hartati, Hartati; Zakaria, Zaki Yamani; Le Monde, Brilliant Umara; Nurdiani, Maulida
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 14, No 6 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy (CBIORE)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61435/ijred.2025.61241

Abstract

Diversifying energy through alternative sources, such as biofuels, is a practical and accessible option in Indonesia. This study aimed to optimize the yield of biofuel (green diesel) using Ni/marble waste as a catalyst. Deoxygenation offers a promising route for converting waste cooking oil (WCO) into valuable products. A Box–Behnken Design (BBD) was applied to assess the effects of key variables on the deoxygenation process using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The variables included reaction time (2–6 h), reaction temperature (360–380 °C), and catalyst weight (1–3% w/w), with conversion percentage as the response. The results showed that reaction time and catalyst weight significantly influenced WCO deoxygenation (p < 0.05). The optimum conditions for maximum conversion were a reaction temperature of 373.64 °C, a catalyst weight of 3.45% w/w, and a reaction time of 4.35 h. Under these conditions, hydrocarbon selectivity reached 92.26%. Paraffins were the dominant fraction, confirming that the Ni/marble catalyst efficiently promoted deoxygenation with high selectivity toward C15–C18 hydrocarbons. These findings align with the proposed reaction mechanism, which involves decarboxylation, decarbonylation, and hydrodeoxygenation pathways. An economic evaluation under optimal conditions estimated a profit of $1.0469 per batch, demonstrating that converting waste cooking oil into green diesel is both technically feasible and economically attractive. Overall, integrating waste-derived catalysts with optimized deoxygenation technology provides a sustainable and profitable solution.
Co-Authors Aji Prasetyaningrum Didi Dwi Anggoro Didik Prasetyoko Hartati Hartati Imtinan, Alifa Bakhitah Nabilah, Farhanah Nurdiani, Maulida Wirda Udaibah Zakaria, Zaki Yamani