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All Journal Jurnal Kimia Riset Science and Technology Indonesia Communications in Science and Technology
Safitri, Widiya Nur
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics

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The effect of synthesis temperature on structural, morphological, and band gap energy of plate-like Bi4Ti2.95V0.05O12 prepared by molten NaCl/KCl salt method Maryani, Kanty; Anwari, Nelly Safitri; Safitri, Widiya Nur; Hardian, Arie; Inggarwati , Ervina Dwi; Prasetyo, Anton
Communications in Science and Technology Vol 9 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Komunitas Ilmuwan dan Profesional Muslim Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21924/cst.9.1.2024.1279

Abstract

Vanadium (V)-doped Bi4Ti3O12 compound is reported to have good photocatalyst properties; however, efforts still need to improve the ability of the photocatalyst through various strategies, such as controlling the morphology and particle size. The molten salt method is one of the simple synthesis methods reported successful in synthesizing Bi4Ti3O12 compounds with plate-like/sheet morphology and reported having good photocatalyst activity. One of factor influenced to particle compound obtained by molten salt method is synthesis temperature. Therefore, in this work, V-doped Bi4Ti3O12 (Bi4Ti2.95V0.05O12) was prepared through the molten salt NaCl/KCl method at various synthesis temperatures: 700, 750, and 800?C and the effect of temperature synthesized on (a) structural (b) morphological, and (c) band gap energy were studied. These studies used X-ray diffraction data (diffractogram), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The diffractograms showed that the target compound was successfully obtained at all temperature synthesis. The crystallographic data indicated that temperature synthesis determined the lattice parameter values. However, there are no clear trend changes that is possibly due to changes in the valence of the V atom. The synthesis temperature also causes increasing the crystallite size but does not affect the crystallinity samples. SEM images showed that all samples had plate-like/sheets morphology and the particle size became larger at higher temperature. It indicated that the particle growth rate was faster than nucleation rate. Meanwhile, the result of Kubelka-Munk calculation showed that all samples had relatively same band gap energy value (Eg(1) was ~ 2.90, and Eg(2) was ~1.85 eV.
Molten Salt Synthesis of SrTi0.95Fe0.05O3: The Effect of Chloride Salt Type Study Pertiwi, Ulvi Dwi; Anwari, Nelly Safitri; Safitri, Widiya Nur; Pramono, Edi; Prasetyo, Anton
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2025.10.2.519-527

Abstract

Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) refers to a perovskite structure compound reported to have photocatalyst properties. It is well-known that modifying the particle morphology is found to be capable of enhancing the photocatalytic activity as it can increase the reaction sites on the solid surface. Molten salt synthesis is one of the compound synthesis methods to produce the homogeneous particle size as well as the unique morphology. One of the parameters determining the product compound obtained using the molten salt method is the type of salt used. In this study, the SrTi0.95Fe0.05O3 was synthesized by the molten salt method using NaCl, KCl, and NaCl/KCl salt. It also studied the effects of chloride salt type to structure, vibration mode, morphology particle, band gap energy, and thermal stability of product samples. The diffractograms showed that SrTi0.95Fe0.05O3 were successfully synthesized; however, the sample obtained using molten KCl salt had the impurities of TiO2, and SrCO3 (residual of precursors) indicating that the KCl flux was insufficient to make a complete reaction. The characteristic of infrared vibration modes of the SrTiO3 compound were found in all samples. The image of scanning electron microscopy showed that all particle morphology was in the quadrate-particle shape, and the SrTi0.95Fe0.05O3-KCl sample had the smallest particles for having the largest surface area. The Kubelka-Munk equation calculation results showed that all samples’ band gap energy was approximately at ∼3 eV. The DSC curve showed a relatively similar pattern; therefore, the thermal stability properties of all samples were similar.
Molten Salt Synthesis of Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 for Rhodamine B Removal via Adsorption-Photocatalysis Effect Prasetyo, Anton; Bashofi, Syilfia Ainur Rohmah; Safitri, Widiya Nur; Hardian, Arie
Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jkimris.v10i2.71283

Abstract

The textile industry's rapid growth has increased dye waste; therefore, effective treatment solutions are needed. Photocatalysis technology has emerged as a promising approach due to its efficiency and environmentally friendly properties. Aurivillius-structured compounds have shown potential as photocatalysts because their ferroelectric properties can inhibit recombinant rate electron-hole. In this research, we synthesized Sr₂Bi₄Ti₅O₁₈ (one of the five-layer Aurivillius compound classes) using the molten salt method. Then, we tested its application for adsorption-photocatalysis degradation of rhodamine B. The diffractogram showed that the Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 phase was successfully synthesized with minor impurities (Bi2O3 and TiO2) attributed to incomplete reaction processes. The SEM image showed plate-like particles with non-uniform particle sizes was obtained. The Kubelka-Munk result showed that the band gap energy of Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 is 3.27 eV. Adsorption tests demonstrated that Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 reduced rhodamine B concentration by 52.5% for 30 minutes, which corresponds to its good adsorption capability. Further adsorption-photocatalysis experiments under light exposure showed ~60% reduction in rhodamine B concentration for 60 minutes. The comparison between adsorption and photocatalysis results suggests that adsorption dominates in decreasing rhodamine B concentration. This is likely due to the large number of rhodamine B molecules adsorbed on the surface of Sr2Bi4Ti5O18, which prevents light from reaching the Sr2Bi4Ti5O18 surface, thereby hindering the degradation of rhodamine B through the photocatalysis mechanism.
Co-Authors Anton Prasetyo Anwari, Nelly Safitri Arie Hardian Bashofi, Syilfia Ainur Rohmah Edi Pramono Inggarwati , Ervina Dwi Maryani, Kanty Pertiwi, Ulvi Dwi RR. Ella Evrita Hestiandari