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All Journal Metalurgi Journal of Progressive Law and Legal Studies
Aulia, Hafiz
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Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Social Sciences Other

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Surface Modification of Composite Coating for Marine Application: A Short Review Aulia, Hafiz; Riastuti, Rini; Ramdhani, Rizal Tresna
Metalurgi Vol 39, No 1 (2024): Metalurgi Vol. 39 No. 1 2024
Publisher : National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55981/metalurgi.2024.746

Abstract

Corrosion is one of the phenomena that affects the deterioration of materials in offshore applications. Marine corrosion is particularly aggressive, due to the high salt content and low electrical resistivity of seawater. Corrosion cannot be stopped completely, but the reaction can be slowed down. Applying coating is an effective and widely used method to protect metal surfaces from corrosion. Coatings act as a barrier between the metal and its environment, preventing or slowing down the corrosive processes. Pursuant to ISO 12944, the most commonly used generics for coating systems in marine service are alkyd, acrylic, ethyl silicate, epoxy, vinyl ester, polyurethane, polyaspartic, and polysiloxane. The latest innovations in marine coatings still use a layer-by-layer coating method (e.g. primer coats, intermediate coats, and top coats) depending on thickness. Marine structures exposed to the atmospheric zones are usually coated with one or two coats of epoxy. A slightly more costly system of one coat of zinc-rich primer, one coat of epoxy, and one coat of aliphatic polyurethane may provide better performance. Coating systems for the atmospheric zones are frequently used in the intertidal and splash zones. Immersion zones of marine structures are commonly coated with one or two coats of 100% solid epoxy or three coats of solvent-borne epoxy. A single polymer as a generic coating have limitations. Adding fillers is a common method to improve the properties of polymers to become a composite. In marine coatings, fillers are still limited to glass flakes and powder. Poor dispersion and agglomeration might reduce the effectiveness of fillers in the matrix, which decreases the adhesion properties. The fillers must be surface modification before the application. This review provides a comprehensive and critical review of the current research status of composite coatings that serve as candidates to be used in marine coating.
Judicial Reasoning on Asset Forfeiture as the Satisfaction of Substitute Compensation Aulia, Hafiz; Ismansyah, Ismansyah; Mulyati, Nani
Journal of Progressive Law and Legal Studies Том 4 № 02 (2026): Journal of Progressive Law and Legal Studies
Publisher : PT. Riset Press International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59653/jplls.v4i02.2385

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The eradication of corruption in Indonesia faces a critical shift from retributive paradigms toward restorative justice and state financial recovery. This research examines Supreme Court Decision No. 4985 K/Pid.Sus/2022, which reflects an anomalous disparity between recovery ethos and procedural positivism. The study analyzes the ratio decidendi underlying the court’s rejection of seized physical assets as restitution and evaluates its strategic implications for the national asset forfeiture architecture. Employing a normative-doctrinal methodology, the analysis draws on Legal Purposivism and Integrative Jurisprudence. Findings reveal that the judiciary’s hyper-formalistic interpretation prioritized mathematical certainty over legal utility, paradoxically returning seized vehicles to the convict. This forced the Prosecution to resort to extra-procedural “bureaucratic gymnastics” to secure the assets, thereby exposing systemic inefficiencies. Macro-statistically, the current conviction-based regime yields a negligible recovery rate relative to the state's absolute losses of IDR 28.4 trillion in 2023. Significantly, this research contributes to criminal law jurisprudence by deconstructing the doctrinal impasse of the conventional in personam framework, providing a robust theoretical foundation for systemic legal reform. It concludes that transitioning to an in rem or Non-Conviction Based Asset Forfeiture mechanism, as mandated by UNCAC Article 54, is an absolute imperative. Accelerating the Asset Forfeiture Bill will transcend rigid procedural dogmatism, ensuring efficient asset recovery and liberating the state from systemic institutional failures.
Co-Authors Ismansyah Ismansyah Nani Mulyati Ramdhani, Rizal Tresna Rini Riastuti, Rini