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All Journal Borneo International Journal of Islamic Studies (BIJIS) Qonun Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perundang-Undangan
Muhammad Kholil Muqorrobien
UIN Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda
Religion Humanities Chemistry Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Penjabatan Non-Muslim pada Jabatan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat di Indonesia dalam Pandangan Hukum Islam: Muqorrobien, Muhammad Kholil
QONUN: Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Perundang-undangan Vol 6 No 2 (2022)
Publisher : FASYA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21093/qj.v6i2.5960

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapat ulama kontemporer tentang hukum penjabatan non-muslim pada jabatan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) di sistem pemerintahan republik dan memberikan prefensi dari pendapat-pendapat mereka, kemudian mengimplementasikan hukum tersebut di dalam konteks Indonesia. Beberapa dari kalangan ulama Islam menyamakan DPR di dalam sistem demokrasi dengan Majelis Syuro dalam sistem pemerintahan islam, sedangkan kalangan ulama di pihak lain berpendapat DPR dalam demokrasi dan Majelis Syuro dalam sistem pemerintahan islam memiliki prinsip-prinsip yang berbeda. Perbedaan paradigma ini menyebabkan perbedaan mereka dalam menjawab pertanyaan: apakah boleh non-muslim menjabat jabatan DPR di negara dengan mayoritas muslim? Bagi kalangan ulama yang menganggap DPR dan Majelis Syuro adalah dua entitas yang sama mereka berpendapat tidak boleh bagi non-muslim untuk menjabat jabatan DPR karena jabatan itu termasuk dalam kekuasaan umum (al-wilayah al-‘amah) yang tidak boleh dilimpahkan kepada non-muslim, sedangkan bagi kalangan yang menganggap DPR dan Majelis Syuro adalah dua entitas yang berbeda meskipun memiliki beberapa kemiripan berpendapat boleh bagi non-muslim untuk menjabat jabatan DPR karena jabatan itu bukan termasuk kekuasaan umum (al-wilayah al-‘ammah). Setelah menelaah dalil-dalil dari kedua belah pihak dan menganalisis bantahan setiap dalil yang diajukan kedua belah pihak, peneliti lebih condong kepada pendapat yang melarang non-Muslim untuk menjabat DPR di negara muslim khususnya Indonesia.
Muslim Societies, Civil and Political Rights, and The Guarantee of Religious Freedom: A Comparative Study Between Indonesia and Turkiye Constitutions Ahyar, Muzayyin; Materan, Materan; Muqorrobien, Muhammad Kholil
Borneo International Journal of Islamic Studies Vol 5 No 2 (2023): Borneo International Journal of Islamic Studies, Vol. 5(2), November 2023
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21093/bijis.v5i2.9738

Abstract

Until the middle of the 20th century, many Muslim population countries became free and independent countries following the end of world colonization. Those countries try to adopt several modern political and legal values, including establishing democracy and state constitutions. One of the constitution's contents in a democratic country is guaranteeing and strengthening civil and political rights. Civil and political rights regulation should be written in a partial part of the constitution as a commitment to live in modern democratic circumstances. Philosophically, citizens' civil and political rights in democratic circumstances cannot be restricted by government. Nevertheless, a gap in the legal argument regarding the limitation of civil and political rights in constitutions is constantly discussed. This article looks at civil and political rights limitations in two cases in different countries: Indonesia and Turkiye. These two countries were chosen as subjective data based on the legal system's proximity pattern and socio-religious conditions. Both countries are also close to the civil law system and have historical references to Islam. In addition, both countries have experience with the restriction of religious organizations. Indonesia has dealt with the restriction of Hizbut Tahrir Movement. Meanwhile Turkiye has experience in banning Gulen Movement. By this background, some questions emerge: How do Indonesian and Turkish constitutions, as Muslim population countries, guarantee human rights issues? By using a comparative legal study and a sociological-empirical approach, this article compares the Indonesian and Turkiye constitutions to see how the two countries guarantee human rights, predominantly civil and political rights. The result of this article reveals that national consensus, national security, stability, and legitimate political power are some of the legal arguments that are always present in the discourse on restrictions on human rights. Under these conditions, human rights restrictions are commonly regulated in the constitution, which contains human rights laws.
Co-Authors Materan Materan Muzayyin Ahyar