Slope instability is a critical geotechnical issue in hilly regions of Indonesia, particularly in karst-dominated terrains such as Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Frequent landslides triggered by rainfall, geological discontinuities, and slope geometry pose significant risks to infrastructure and communities. This study aims to evaluate slope stability conditions in the hilly area of Gunung Kidul using the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM). The analysis integrates geological, geomorphological, and geotechnical parameters derived from field observations, laboratory testing, and secondary data. Several limit equilibrium approaches, including Bishop, Morgenstern–Price, and generalized limit equilibrium methods, were employed to determine the factor of safety under various slope geometries and groundwater conditions. The results indicate that slope geometry and groundwater level are the dominant factors controlling slope stability, with safety factors decreasing significantly under saturated conditions. Comparisons with previous studies demonstrate that LEM provides reliable and consistent results for both two-dimensional and three-dimensional slope analyses in complex hilly terrains. This research contributes to improved slope stability assessment in karst regions and provides a scientific basis for landslide mitigation planning in Gunung Kidul and similar geological settings.