Md Khalid, Norfaezah
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A measure for perceived social support for university students: Implication for campus leaders Md Khalid, Norfaezah; Sumari, Melati; A. Razak, Norsafatul Aznin; Muhamad, Ahmad Shamsuri; Sulaiman, Hamidah
Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan Vol. 43 No. 3 (2024): Cakrawala Pendidikan (October 2024)
Publisher : LPMPP Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/cp.v43i3.59569

Abstract

Social support plays a crucial role in an individual's life. Individuals who experience strong, positive social relationships and feel supported by others tend to report lower levels of anxiety, depression, and psychological stress. Social support may come from family members, friends, and significant others in life. Looking at the importance of social support in university students' lives, there have been a few scales to measure social support, and one of them is the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, which was developed in a Western country. This study examined the validity of the Malay version of the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale in a sample of 443 Malaysian university students. Results support the high reliability and validity of this scale. Confirmatory factor analysis reported the expected three-factor structure and a high correlation between factors and scales. In addition, internal consistency was good, and correlation analysis with the Satisfaction with Life Scale proved the theoretical relations among the constructs. The findings suggest that MPSS-M is a reliable and valid tool to measure social support among students in higher education institutions. Campus leaders and student affairs professionals may use the scale to identify the source of support among students. Implication for university management is also discussed.
Life transition stages of family caregivers for patients with chronic illness: A grounded theory study Md Khalid, Norfaezah; Sajali, Nurul Salwa; Razali, Asbah
Belitung Nursing Journal Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): July - August
Publisher : Belitung Raya Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33546/bnj.3896

Abstract

Background: Family caregivers play a crucial role in providing continuous support to individuals with chronic illnesses. Their responsibilities extend beyond the well-being of patients, influencing both patient health outcomes and their own. Caregiving entails significant responsibilities and sacrifices, requiring caregivers to navigate evolving roles and care needs over time. Existing literature highlights the emotional and psychological challenges faced by caregivers, including role transitions and stress. However, most studies focus on caregiving experiences rather than the specific transitional phases caregivers undergo after assuming their responsibilities. Objective: This study aimed to explore the transitional phases experienced by caregivers of chronically ill patients using an inductive approach, specifically grounded theory methodology. Methods: This study employed a grounded theory (GT) approach involving 33 participants, including 24 caregivers and nine professional helpers. Data collection and analysis were carried out between April 2022 and January 2024. Participants were recruited through snowball sampling based on predetermined criteria. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and memos and analyzed using NVivo 12 software. Several measures were undertaken to ensure the validity and reliability of the data. Results: Findings yielded five stages of life transition, namely, (1) confusion, (2) conflict, (3) consideration, (4) adjustment, and (5) acceptance. Conclusion: This study contributes to the literature by providing new insight into the life transition phases experienced by family caregivers. It offers meaningful implications for nursing practice, particularly in providing holistic support to family caregivers of individuals with chronic illness. It helps nurses to design more targeted, phase-specific interventions that focus on caregivers’ psychosocial needs at each phase. The final model provides a beneficial premise for the development of clinical guidelines and support frameworks that are more responsive to the real experiences of caregivers.