Md Khalid, Norfaezah
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Life transition stages of family caregivers for patients with chronic illness: A grounded theory study Md Khalid, Norfaezah; Sajali, Nurul Salwa; Razali, Asbah
Belitung Nursing Journal Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): July - August
Publisher : Belitung Raya Publisher - Belitung Raya Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33546/bnj.3896

Abstract

Background: Family caregivers play a crucial role in providing continuous support to individuals with chronic illnesses. Their responsibilities extend beyond the well-being of patients, influencing both patient health outcomes and their own. Caregiving entails significant responsibilities and sacrifices, requiring caregivers to navigate evolving roles and care needs over time. Existing literature highlights the emotional and psychological challenges faced by caregivers, including role transitions and stress. However, most studies focus on caregiving experiences rather than the specific transitional phases caregivers undergo after assuming their responsibilities. Objective: This study aimed to explore the transitional phases experienced by caregivers of chronically ill patients using an inductive approach, specifically grounded theory methodology. Methods: This study employed a grounded theory (GT) approach involving 33 participants, including 24 caregivers and nine professional helpers. Data collection and analysis were carried out between April 2022 and January 2024. Participants were recruited through snowball sampling based on predetermined criteria. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and memos and analyzed using NVivo 12 software. Several measures were undertaken to ensure the validity and reliability of the data. Results: Findings yielded five stages of life transition, namely, (1) confusion, (2) conflict, (3) consideration, (4) adjustment, and (5) acceptance. Conclusion: This study contributes to the literature by providing new insight into the life transition phases experienced by family caregivers. It offers meaningful implications for nursing practice, particularly in providing holistic support to family caregivers of individuals with chronic illness. It helps nurses to design more targeted, phase-specific interventions that focus on caregivers’ psychosocial needs at each phase. The final model provides a beneficial premise for the development of clinical guidelines and support frameworks that are more responsive to the real experiences of caregivers.
School stress among Malaysian secondary school students: prevalence and demographic correlates Te, Tie-Seng; Zulnaidi, Hutkemri; Md Khalid, Norfaezah
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) Vol 15, No 1: February 2026
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v15i1.35568

Abstract

Understanding school stress is essential, given the significant time students spend in school and its impact on well-being. Acknowledging its importance, this study aimed to assess the level of school stress among Malaysian secondary school students. The respondents in this study consisted of 485 Malaysian secondary school students, selected through multistage sampling techniques to ensure national representativeness. Data were collected using a school-related stress questionnaire adapted from the shortened version of the adolescent stress questionnaire (ASQ-S). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Rasch Wright mapping, independent samples t-tests for gender differences, and one-way ANOVA for grade and regional comparisons. The results indicated that, overall, Malaysian secondary school students experience low levels of school stress. Descriptively, female students reported higher levels of school stress than their male counterparts. Among different forms, Form 4 students reported the highest level of school stress, followed by Form 1 students. Regionally, students from the central and southern zones exhibited the highest levels of school stress. This study contributes to a better understanding of school stress among Malaysian secondary school students, providing insights for developing strategies to reduce stress in schools.