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Development of standardized kaffir lime fruit peel extract as a gel for antioxidant and anti-acne Darsono, Farida Lanawati; Soegianto, Lisa; Jessica, Maria Anabella
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i1.27076

This study aimed to determine the effect of increasing the concentration of the condensed extract of kaffir lime fruit peel in a gel dosage form on its physical quality and effectiveness. The condensed extract was obtained by maceration with 95% ethanol as a solvent. The dosage form chosen is a hydrophilic-based gel with a modification of the addition of a penetrant enhancer (IPM) and a solubilizer (Glycerin). The concentration of the condensed extract of kaffir lime fruit peel used were F1 (10%), F2 (15%), and F3 (20%). Gel preparations were tested for physical quality and effectiveness, consisting of antioxidant activity (IC50) and antibacterial (Zone Inhibition). Furthermore, the One Way ANOVA statistical method will analyze data from parametric experiments between batches and between formulas. If there is a significant difference in the statistical analysis between the formulas, then the test is continued using the Tukey Post-Hoc test method. The experimental results showed that increasing the concentration of kaffir lime peel extract (Citrus hystrix) affected the pH value, viscosity, dispersion, and effectiveness as an anti- acne and antioxidant. It was concluded that the anti-acne gel of extract F1, F2, and F3 were physically stable during storage, and based on the physical quality and effectiveness test it was known that F3 had the greatest zone inhibition (ZI): 13.87 ± 0.18 mm and IC50 :14.9049 mg/mL

Study Efektivitas Ekstrak Kental Kulit Buah Jeruk Purut Terstandar (Citrus hystrix) Sebagai Antioksidan dan Antijerawat Jessica, Maria Anabella; Darsono, Farida Lanawati; Soegianto, Lisa
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.008.01.6

Salah satu gangguan di permukaan kulit wajah yaitu jerawat yang disebabkan oleh Propionibacterium acnes. Perlakuan jerawat bisa secara oral atau topikal yang umumnya mengandung antibiotika yang lebih efektif mengatasi jerawat, sedangkan kelemahannya mudah terjadi resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik. Salah satunya yang potensial dikembangkan sebagai antijerawat dan anitoksidan yaitu limbah dari kulit buah jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix) memiliki kandungan sebagai antibakteri adalah alkaloid, flavonoid (naringenin dan hesperidin), tanin serta senyawa fenolik memiliki aktivitas antioksidan juga sebagai analgesik dan anti inflamasi. Metode ekstraksi secara maserasi dengan pelarut penyari 95% dengan bentuk ekstrak kental terstandar. Konsentrasi ekstrak kental jeruk purut yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara 10% - 20%. Dalam rangka penjaminan mutu ekstrak maka dilakukan proses standarisasi secara spesifik dan non spesifik selanjutnya dilakukan uji efektivitas yang terdiri dari aktivitas antioksidan dengan parameter IC50 menggunakan metode DPPH sedangkan antibakteri dilakukan dengan menggunakan parameter Daerah Hambat Pertumbuhan – DHP secara difusi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh peningkatan konsentrasi sediaan gel ekstrak kental jeruk purut (10%, 15%, dan 20%) terhadap efektivitasnya serta korelasi antara peningkatan aktivitas antioksidannya dengan antijerawatnya (antibakterinya). Berdasarkan hasil percobaan ekstrak kulit buah jeruk purut terbukti memiliki daya antioksidan, dimana dengan peningkatan konsentrasi diikuti dengan penurunan nilai IC50 yaitu 2,49 mg/mL. Nilai DHP ekstrak kulit buah jeruk purut untuk masing-masing konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20% berurutan sebesar 15,58 ± 0,287 mm, 17,45 ± 0,319 mm, 18,27 ± 0,306 mm, dimana semakin meningkat konsentrasi ekstrak maka efek sebagai antijerawat juga meningkat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, maka disimpulkan ekstrak kulit jeruk purut berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan antijerawat.

Study Efektivitas Ekstrak Kental Kulit Buah Jeruk Purut Terstandar (Citrus hystrix) Sebagai Antioksidan dan Antijerawat Jessica, Maria Anabella; Darsono, Farida Lanawati; Soegianto, Lisa
Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 8 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Brawijaya University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.pji.2022.008.01.6

Salah satu gangguan di permukaan kulit wajah yaitu jerawat yang disebabkan oleh Propionibacterium acnes. Perlakuan jerawat bisa secara oral atau topikal yang umumnya mengandung antibiotika yang lebih efektif mengatasi jerawat, sedangkan kelemahannya mudah terjadi resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik. Salah satunya yang potensial dikembangkan sebagai antijerawat dan anitoksidan yaitu limbah dari kulit buah jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix) memiliki kandungan sebagai antibakteri adalah alkaloid, flavonoid (naringenin dan hesperidin), tanin serta senyawa fenolik memiliki aktivitas antioksidan juga sebagai analgesik dan anti inflamasi. Metode ekstraksi secara maserasi dengan pelarut penyari 95% dengan bentuk ekstrak kental terstandar. Konsentrasi ekstrak kental jeruk purut yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini antara 10% - 20%. Dalam rangka penjaminan mutu ekstrak maka dilakukan proses standarisasi secara spesifik dan non spesifik selanjutnya dilakukan uji efektivitas yang terdiri dari aktivitas antioksidan dengan parameter IC50 menggunakan metode DPPH sedangkan antibakteri dilakukan dengan menggunakan parameter Daerah Hambat Pertumbuhan – DHP secara difusi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh peningkatan konsentrasi sediaan gel ekstrak kental jeruk purut (10%, 15%, dan 20%) terhadap efektivitasnya serta korelasi antara peningkatan aktivitas antioksidannya dengan antijerawatnya (antibakterinya). Berdasarkan hasil percobaan ekstrak kulit buah jeruk purut terbukti memiliki daya antioksidan, dimana dengan peningkatan konsentrasi diikuti dengan penurunan nilai IC50 yaitu 2,49 mg/mL. Nilai DHP ekstrak kulit buah jeruk purut untuk masing-masing konsentrasi 10%, 15% dan 20% berurutan sebesar 15,58 ± 0,287 mm, 17,45 ± 0,319 mm, 18,27 ± 0,306 mm, dimana semakin meningkat konsentrasi ekstrak maka efek sebagai antijerawat juga meningkat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, maka disimpulkan ekstrak kulit jeruk purut berpotensi sebagai antioksidan dan antijerawat.

Pengaruh Gugus Hidroksi pada Sintesis Senyawa 4,4’-Dihidroksibenzalaseton dan Aktivitasnya sebagai Antioksidan Jessica, Maria Anabella; Budiati, Tutuk; Caroline
Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Terapan (Journal of Pharmacy Science and Practice) Vol. 12 No. 1 (2025): March
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33508/jfst.v12i1.7201

Dibenzalacetone and their derivatives, , 4,4’ dihydroxydibenzalacetone are curcumin analogs that have antioxidant activity. The effect of hydroxyl group on the synthesis reaction is proven by comparing the synthesis results yield of dibenzalacetone with 4,4’-dihydroxydibenzalacetone. Both compounds are synthesized through the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction using sodium hydroxide as the catalyst. The synthesis results were tested for purity by melting point tests and thin layer chromatography, and structure identification tests were carried out using infrared spectrophotometry. The results of the study showed that the percentage yield of dibenzalacetone was greater than 4,4’-dihydroxydibenzalacetone, which was 67.29% and 24.51%, respectively. The presence of hydroxyl groups can increase the density of the benzene ring and facilitate the reaction of the carbonyl group of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, including the Cannizaro reaction. The Cannizaro reaction can occur in aldehyde compounds without alpha hydrogen, such as benzaldehyde, where some of the aldehyde will undergo oxidation and some will undergo reduction. As a result, the amount of aldehyde that reacts with acetone decreases so that the yield obtained is lessthan dibenzalacetone. Antioxidant testing was carried out using the DPPH method and expressed as an IC50 value, then compared with curcumin and vitamin C. Although it does not show greater antioxidant activity than curcumin or vitamin C, the presence of hydroxyl groups in 4,4' dihydroxydibenzalacetone can increase antioxidant activity compared to dibenzalacetone which does not have a hydroxyl group. This is proven by the IC50 value of the compound 4,4'-dihydroxydibenzalacetone which is lower than dibenzalacetone, which is 3.9588 mM and 66.5503 mM, respectively.

In silico study of the essential oil compounds of ginger and thyme on Coronavirus-2 receptors Caroline, Caroline; Ervina, Martha; Pratama, Muhammad Rizki Fadhil; Jessica, Maria Anabella
Pharmaciana Vol. 13 No. 3 (2023): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v13i3.26964

Coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) is a virus that attacks the respiratory system and causes the Covid-19 pandemic. After the pandemic, prevention and appropriate therapy research continue to be carried out to anticipate the emergence of more dangerous viruses. In line with the culture of consuming herbs that has arisen due to the effects of the pandemic, in this study, an insilico screening was carried out for essential oil compounds produced by ginger and thyme herbs which have been widely consumed by the public. The aim of the research was to find the essential oil content that has the most potential as an antiviral against coronavirus-2. The research method was carried out in silico, including ligand preparation, receptor and method validation, and analysis of ligand-receptor binding interactions using the AutoDoc 4.2.6 program. As a comparison, a study was conducted on remdesivir and favipiravir, which have been used as antivirals. The three components that have the most potential based on the calculation of the free energy value, were determined by the ADMET parameters using the Admet lab 2.0 program. The results showed that the three components in the essential oil exhibited better interactions when compared to remdesivir and favipiravir at the 3-Cl protease and spike glycoprotein receptors. The results of the insilico study and ADMET prediction test showed that of the three most potent compounds, lamda-farnesen was the most potent and safe to use

Development of standardized kaffir lime fruit peel extract as a gel for antioxidant and anti-acne Darsono, Farida Lanawati; Soegianto, Lisa; Jessica, Maria Anabella
Pharmaciana Vol. 14 No. 1 (2024): Pharmaciana
Publisher : Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v14i1.27076

This study aimed to determine the effect of increasing the concentration of the condensed extract of kaffir lime fruit peel in a gel dosage form on its physical quality and effectiveness. The condensed extract was obtained by maceration with 95% ethanol as a solvent. The dosage form chosen is a hydrophilic-based gel with a modification of the addition of a penetrant enhancer (IPM) and a solubilizer (Glycerin). The concentration of the condensed extract of kaffir lime fruit peel used were F1 (10%), F2 (15%), and F3 (20%). Gel preparations were tested for physical quality and effectiveness, consisting of antioxidant activity (IC50) and antibacterial (Zone Inhibition). Furthermore, the One Way ANOVA statistical method will analyze data from parametric experiments between batches and between formulas. If there is a significant difference in the statistical analysis between the formulas, then the test is continued using the Tukey Post-Hoc test method. The experimental results showed that increasing the concentration of kaffir lime peel extract (Citrus hystrix) affected the pH value, viscosity, dispersion, and effectiveness as an anti- acne and antioxidant. It was concluded that the anti-acne gel of extract F1, F2, and F3 were physically stable during storage, and based on the physical quality and effectiveness test it was known that F3 had the greatest zone inhibition (ZI): 13.87 ± 0.18 mm and IC50 :14.9049 mg/mL

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