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Efektivitas Konsumsi Air Kelapa Muda Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Tinggi Padaibu Hamil Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Saketi Safitri, Lita; Galaupa, Resi
Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah Vol 9 No 3 (2024): JURNAL KEPERAWATAN MUHAMMADIYAH
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURABAYA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30651/jkm.v9i3.21884

Objective: Hypertension in pregnancy (HDK) is hypertension (blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg) that occurs in pregnancy > 20 weeks without a previous history of hypertension and without proteinuria. Preeclampsia is HDK accompanied by proteinuria. 300 ml of young coconut water therapy in the morning and evening for 2 weeks has an effect on reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertension sufferers. Ambar Sari's research states that consuming 250 ml of young coconut water in the morning and evening for 2 weeks can reduce systolic blood pressure in the elderly. The aim of this research is to determine the benefits of consuming young coconut water in reducing high blood pressure in pregnant women in the Saketi Community Health Center working area. Methods: The method used is Quasi-experimental with a pre-post test research design in one group (one group pretest-psttest desigen). Data analysis used the Wicoxon Signed Rank Test. The population in this study were 20 pregnant women with hypertension Results: Based on the Wicoxon Signed Rank Test regarding the effect of giving young coconut water on reducing blood pressure in pregnant women in the Saketi Community Health Center Working Area, the Sig value was 0.000<0.05. Conclusion: There is an effect of giving young coconut water to pregnant women in the Saketi Health Center Working Area

Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Bendungan ASI Pada Ibu Postpartum di wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kecamatan Taman Sari Jakarta Ulfah, Nurma Amalia; Galaupa, Resi
MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal Vol 5, No 3 (2025): Volume 5 Nomor 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/mahesa.v5i3.16847

ABSTRACT At the beginning of the postpartum period, if the baby does not breastfeed well and the breast glands are not emptied completely, this can cause breast milk dams. Symptoms of breast milk dams include a feeling of heat, hardness and pain in the breasts. Flat nipples can also make it difficult for babies to breastfeed. In addition, sometimes narrowing of the lactiferous duct can occur due to enlargement of veins and lymph vessels. To analyze the factors that influence the incidence of breast milk dams in post partum mothers at the Taman Sari District Health Center. Research Method: quantitative descriptive research with a cross sectional study approach, the sample in this study was 30 people, chi square statistical analysis test. There is an influence of knowledge (p=0.030), breastfeeding position (p=0.017), frequency of breastfeeding (p=0.007), and nipple shape (0.045) on the incidence of breast milk dams in the Taman Sari District Health Center, Jakarta. Research results This can be used as a source of information to understand factors that can increase the risk of breast milk dams, such as knowledge about breast care, frequency of breastfeeding, nipple condition, and inappropriate breastfeeding techniques. Keywords: Knowledge, Breastfeeding Position, Frequency of Breastfeeding, Nipple Shape, Breast Milk Dam ABSTRAK Pada awal masa nifas, jika bayi tidak menyusu dengan baik dan kelenjar payudara tidak dikosongkan sepenuhnya, hal ini bisa menyebabkan bendungan ASI. Gejala bendungan ASI meliputi perasaan panas, keras, dan nyeri pada payudara. Puting susu yang datar juga dapat menyulitkan bayi dalam menyusu. Selain itu, terkadang penyempitan duktus laktiferus dapat terjadi akibat pembesaran vena dan pembuluh limfe. Untuk menganalisis faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian bendungan ASI pada ibu post partum di Puskesmas Kecamatan Taman Sari. jenis penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional study, sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 30 orang, uji analisis statistik chi square. Terdapat pengaruh pengetahuan (p=0.030), posisi menyusui (p=0.017), frekuensi menyusui (p=0.007), dan bentuk putting (0.045) terhadap kejadian bendungan ASI di Puskesmas Kecamatan Taman Sari Jakarta. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai sumber informasi untuk memahami faktor-faktor yang dapat meningkatkan risiko bendungan ASI, seperti pengetahuan tentang perawatan payudara, frekuensi menyusui, kondisi puting susu, serta teknik menyusui yang tidak tepat. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Posisi Menyusui, Frekuensi Menyusui, Bentu Putting, Bendungan ASI

COMPARISON OF MOTHER'S PARENTING AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC PATTERNS ON STUNTING INCIDENTS IN THE WORKING AREA OF THE SUKA INDAH PUSKESMAS IN 2023 Handayani, Puji; Galaupa, Resi
HEARTY Vol 13 No 4 (2025): AGUSTUS
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Ibn Khaldun, Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32832/hearty.v13i4.16042

Background:Every child has the right to get good nutrition. Children who receive good nutrition will grow and develop to their full potential.Stuntingis a condition of failure to thrive in infants (0-11 months) and toddlers (12-59 months) resulting from chronic malnutrition, especially in the first 1,000 days of life (HPK) so that children are too short for their age. Malnutrition occurs when the baby is in the womb and in the early days after the baby is born, but stunting only appears after the child is 2 years old.Stuntingoccurs in around 148.1 million (22.3%) children under five years of age in the world. Stunted toddlers in Asia have the highest prevalence in the world, namely around 52%.Toddlers experiencevarious child development problems such as motor delays, language, behavior, autism and hyperactivity.The socio-economic conditions of residence can also influence the prevalence of stuntingTo realize children's development according to their age, parents must haveComparison of Parenting Patterns and Mother's Socio-Economics on Stunting Incidents in the Suka Indah Community Health Center Work Area in 2023. Research purposes: This research was conducted to determine the comparison of mother's parenting and socio-economic patterns in the incidence of stunting in the Suka Indah Community Health Center work area in 2023. Research methods: This research is a comparative descriptive research. The total sample was 31 parents who had stunted toddlers taken using purposive sampling technique. Parental parenting patterns use a questionnaire, while the development of stunted children is measured using the KMS. Statistical test using Chi-Square. Research result:The statistical test results obtained on maternal parenting patterns, namely the p value is 0.292, so it can be concluded that there is no relationship between maternal parenting patterns on the incidence of stunting in the Suka Indah Community Health Center Work Area in 2023. The statistical test results in the socio-economic category, namely the p value obtained is 0.329 > 0.05 so it can be concluded that there is no socio-economic relationship between the mother and the incidence of stunting in the Suka Indah Community Health Center Work Area in 2023. Conclusions and recommendations: There needs to be education and outreach to parentsstrive inprovide midwifery care for children and toddlers as well as families so that the incidence of stunting continues to decrease and decrease.

Efektifitas Kombinasi Breast Care dan Pijat Laktasi Enam Jam Post Partum pada Primipara Terhadap Kelancaran Produksi ASI Galaupa, Resi; Embay, Embay; Sampara, Nurqalbi
JIK-JURNAL ILMU KESEHATAN Vol 6, No 2 (2022): JIK-Oktober Volume 6 Nomor 2 Tahun 2022
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ALIFAH PADANG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33757/jik.v6i2.538

Perawatan payudara (Breast Care) adalah suatu tindakan atau pengurutan pemberian rangsangan secara teratur pada otot-otot payudara untuk memperbaiki sirkulasi darah, merawat putting payudara agar bersih dan tidak mudah lecet serta memperlancar produksi ASI. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahui efektifitas kombinasi breast care dan pijat laktasi enam jam post partum pada primipara terhadap kelancaran produksi ASI di PMB Embay Kecamatan Cikupa Tangerang Tahun 2021. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif Quasi Eksperimen dengan memakai rancangan one group pre and post test design, menggunakan sampel sebanyak 29 responden, pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi, analisa data dilakukan dengan menggunakan shapirowilk dan uji analisis inferensial menggunakan Wilxoson match pairs test. Hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa produksi ASI ibu 6 jam post partum primipara sebelum dilakukan Breast care dan pijat laktasi, seluruh responden mengalami produksi ASI yang tidak lancar yaitu 29 ibu post partum primipara (100%). Sesudah dilakukan kombinasi breast care dan pijat laktasi pada ibu post partum primipara didapatkan hasil mayoritas produksi ASInya lancar yaitu sebanyak 26 responden (89,6%). Hasil statistik menggunakan uji wilxocon diperoleh Asymp.Zig sebesar 0.000< α (0.005). Kesimpulannya adanya perbedaan produksi ASI pada ibu post partum primipara sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan breast care dan pijat laktasi.

Efek Stimulasi Taktil Kinestetik terhadap Perkembangan Bayi Berat Badan Lahir Rendah Muksin, Sonia; Galaupa, Resi
Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 13 No. 06 (2024): Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat
Publisher : UIMA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33221/jikm.v13i06.3150

Kondisi BBLR menyebabkan organ tubuh belum dapat berfungsi secara sempurna. Salah satu penyebab utama BBLR adalah kelahiran prematur. Stimulasi taktil kinestetik adalah istilah terapi pijat yang lebih baik dan efektif karena melibatkan sentuhan ringan (belaian ringan pada daerah atas kepala sampai dengan kaki). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa hubungan efek stimulasi taktil kinestetik terhadap perkembangan bayi berat badan lahir rendah. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen-semu (quasi experiment) desain one group pre and post test. Sampel penelitian ini adalah seluruh neonatus BBLR pada bulan Juli 2023 sebanyak 19 orang. Hasil analisis bivariate menunjukan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p = 0.000) antara perkembangan perilaku neonatus BBLR sebelum dan sesudah di stimulasi. Hal ini menunjukan stimulasi taktil kinestetik memiliki pengaruh terhadap perkembangan neonatus BBLR.Tetapi secara hasil analisis multivariat menunjukan jenis kelamin tidak berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan perilaku neonatus BBLR setelah diberikan stimulasi taktin kinestetik (p = 0,323). Hal ini berarti stimulasi taktil kinestetik berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan perilaku neonatus BBLR tanpa memperhatikan jenis kelamin neonatus tersebut. Baik neonatus laki-laki maupun neonatus perempuan. Perilaku seluruh responden sebelum dilakukan stimulasi taktil kinestetik adalah cukup, tetapi setelah dilakukan stimulasi taktil kinestetik menjadi baik pada sebagian besar responden. diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi yang berguna tentang pelaksanaan Stimulasi Taktil Kinestetik terhadap perkembangan perilaku neonatus BBLR.

Terapi Foot Massage untuk Menurunkan dan Menstabilkan Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi Gestasional Herdiana, Yana; Galaupa, Resi; SR, Nurqalbi
Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat Vol. 13 No. 06 (2024): Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat
Publisher : UIMA Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33221/jikm.v13i06.3151

Hipertensi atau tekanan darah tinggi merupakan suatu kondisi dengan tekanan darah yang meningkat secara terus menerus pada pembuluh darah. Hipertensi di definisikan sebagai tekanan darah sistolik kurang lebih 140 mmHg serta tekanan darah diastolik kurang lebih 90 mmHg. pijat kaki merupakan alternatif terbaik untuk mengurangi tingkat tekanan darah diantara penderita hipertensi. Pijat memiliki efek meningkatkan sirkulasi, mengeluarkan produk sisa dari tubuh, meningkatkan mobilitas sendi, mengurangi rasa sakit dan menguragi ketegangan otot. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk Mengetahui terapi foot massage untuk menurunkan dan menstabilkan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi gestasional di Puskesmas Saketi Tahun 2023. Metode yang digunakan yaitu penelitian quasi experimental dengan pendekatan one group pre post design. Penelitian ini memberikan pretest kepada responden sebelum dilakukan foot massage dan post test sesudah melakukan foot massage. Analisis data menggunakan Wicoxon Signed Rank Test. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu hamil penderita hipertensi yaitu 30 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh Terapi Foot Massage untuk menurunkan dan menstabilkan tekanan darah (nilai p = 0,000) pada penderita hipertensi gestasional di Puskesmas Saketi Tahun 2023.

Efektifitas Penggunaan Buku Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA) Terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil di PMB Nining Sarbini Kota Tasikmalaya Sarbini, Nining; Galaupa, Resi
Malahayati Nursing Journal Vol 6, No 5 (2024): Volume 6 Nomor 5 2024
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/mnj.v6i5.11331

ABSTRACT The number of Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia is quite high. In 2020, the records of the family health program at the Ministry of Health still show an increase of 4,627 deaths. Meanwhile, the MMR in the Cipedes Health Center area in 2020 and 2021 did not exist (0) while the number of IMR in 2020 and 2021 was the same, namely 2 neonates. Until now, the Government of Indonesia has formulated several efforts to reduce maternal and infant mortality. One of these efforts is the use of the MCH handbook to identify and monitor the health of mothers and children from pregnancy until the child is 5 years old. The low utilization of the MCH handbook is still constrained by the low knowledge and attitude of mothers about the benefits of the MCH handbook and some mothers also think that matters related to the MCH handbook are just examination notes. Knowing the effectiveness of using Maternal and Child Health (KIA) books on increasing the knowledge of pregnant women at PMB Nining Sarbini Tasikmalaya City in 2023. This type of research uses the Pre-Experimental Designs research method. The research design is a one group pre test and post test design. The population of this study were all pregnant women who visited PMB Nining Sarbini Tasikmalaya City, totaling 30 people. The sample in this study were all pregnant women at PMB Nining Sarbini Tasikmalaya City using a purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of frequency distribution and bivariate analysis of the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The results of the univariate analysis of the knowledge of pregnant women about pregnancy in the MCH handbook of 30 pregnant women who had good knowledge before counseling (pre-test) were 3 people (10%) and after being given counseling (post-test) there was an increase in good knowledge of pregnant women 22 people (73.3%). The results of the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test statistical test obtained p (0.000) <0.005. There is the effectiveness of using Maternal and Child Health (MCH) books on increasing the knowledge of pregnant women at PMB Nining Sarbini Tasikmalaya City in 2023. Keywords: Books on Maternal and Child Health (MCH), Knowledge, Pregnant Women ABSTRAK Jumlah Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) di Indonesia cukup tinggi. Pada tahun 2020 yang dihimpun dari pencatatan program kesehatan keluarga di Kementerian Kesehatan masih menunjukkan peningkatan sebanyak 4.627 kematian. Sedangkan AKI di wilayah Puskesmas Cipedes tahun 2020 dan 2021 tidak ada (0) sedangkan AKB tahun 2020 dan 2021 jumlahnya sama yaitu 2 neonatus. Hingga saat ini, Pemerintah Indonesia telah merumuskan beberapa upaya untuk menekan angka kematian ibu dan bayi. Salah satu upaya tersebut yaitu penggunaan buku KIA untuk mengetahui dan memantau kesehatan ibu dan anak sejak ibu hamil sampai anak berusia 5 tahun. Rendahnya pemanfaatan buku KIA masih terkendala oleh rendahnya pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang manfaat dari buku KIA dan sebagian ibu juga menganggap hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan buku KIA hanya sekedar buku catatan pemeriksaan. Mengetahui efektifitas penggunaan buku Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA) terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan ibu hamil di PMB Nining Sarbini Kota Tasikmalaya Tahun 2023. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Pre- Experimental Designs. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah one group pre test and post test design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu hamil yang berkunjung ke PMB Nining Sarbini Kota Tasikmalaya yang berjumlah 30 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian adalah seluruh ibu hamil di PMB Nining Sarbini Kota Tasikmalaya dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat distribusi frekuensi dan analisis bivariat Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Hasil analisa univariat pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang kehamilan pada buku KIA dari 30 ibu hamil yang memiliki pengetahuan baik sebelum pelaksanaan konseling (pre test) sebanyak 3 orang (10%) dan setelah diberikan pelaksanaan konseling (post test) terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan baik pada ibu hamil sebanyak 22 orang (73,3%). Hasil uji statistik Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test diperoleh p (0,000) < 0,005. Terdapat efektifitas penggunaan buku Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA) terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan ibu hamil di PMB Nining Sarbini Kota Tasikmalaya Tahun 2023. Kata Kunci: Buku Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (KIA), Pengetahuan, Ibu Hamil

Efektivitas Rebusan Biji Ketumbar dan Rebusan Daun Sirsak Terhadap Masalah Keputihan Pada Wus di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sukatani Kabupaten Bekasi Nurmayani, Narmi; Galaupa, Resi
Malahayati Nursing Journal Vol 6, No 5 (2024): Volume 6 Nomor 5 2024
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/mnj.v6i5.11374

ABSTRACT Women of childbearing age often experience vaginal discharge. Treatment therapy for vaginal discharge can use non-pharmacological treatments, one of which is a decoction of coriander seeds and soursop leaves. The incidence of leucorrhoea in the working area of the Sukatani Health Center, Bekasi Regency, has increased every year. To know the effectiveness of coriander seed decoction and soursop leaf decoction for leucorrhoea problems in WUS in the Working Area of the Sukatani Health Center, Bekasi Regency. Quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design and control group design. The samples were taken from 34 women of childbearing age who experienced vaginal discharge in January–February 2023 using a purposive sampling technique. The intervention was given once a day for 7 days. Bivariate analysis used paired simple t tests and independent t tests. The results of univariate research on average vaginal discharge problems in WUS before administration of coriander seed decoction were 6.59 and 3.41, respectively. The average vaginal discharge problem in WUS before administration of soursop leaf decoction was 6.53 and after 4.71. The bivariate results of the paired simple t test were 0.000, and the independent t test obtained a p value of 0.000. Giving coriander seed decoction is more effective against leucorrhoea problems in WUS than soursop leaf decoction. Women of childbearing age are expected to improve their behavior in protecting the female area and to be able to take non-pharmacological treatments, one of which is using coriander seed decoction and soursop leaf decoction. Keywords: Decoction of Coriander Seeds, Decoction of Soursop Leaves, Leucorrhoea of Women of Reproductive Age ABSTRAK Wanita usia subur sering mengalami keputihan, terapi pengobatan untuk keputihan dapat menggunakan pengobatan non farmakologi salah satunya dengan rebusan biji ketumbar dan rebusan daun sirsak. Kejadian keputihan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sukatani Kabupaten Bekasi setiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan. Mengetahui efektivitas rebusan biji ketumbar dan rebusan daun sirsak terhadap masalah keputihan pada WUS di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Sukatani Kabupaten Bekasi. Quasy eksperimental desain dengan rancangan pretest-posttest with control group design. Sampel adalah wanita usia subur yang mengalami keputihan pada bulan Januari-Pebruari tahun 2023 sebanyak 34 sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling. Intervensi diberikan 1 x sehari 250g selama 7 hari. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji paired simple t test dan t test independent. Hasil penelitian univariat rata-rata masalah keputihan pada WUS sebelum pemberian rebusan biji ketumbar 6,59 dan sesudah 3,41. Rata-rata masalah keputihan pada WUS sebelum pemberian rebusan daun sirsak 6,53 dan sesudah 4,71. Hasil penelitian bivariat uji paired simple t test sebesar 0,000 dan uji t test independent didapatkan nilai p value = 0,000. Pemberian rebusan biji ketumbar lebih efektif terhadap masalah keputihan pada WUS dibandingkan rebusan daun sirsak. Wanita usia subur diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perilakunya dalam menjaga daerah kewanitaan serta dapat melakukan pengobatan dengan menggunakan nonfarmakologi salah satunya menggunakan rebusan biji ketumbar dan rebusan daun sirsak. Kata Kunci: Rebusan Biji Ketumbar, Rebusan Daun Sirsak, Keputihan Wanita Usia Subur

Implementation Triple Elimination Screening to Midwifes Knowledge About Risk Factors, Modes of Transmission and Impact of HIV, Syphilis, and Hepatitis B Type Galaupa, Resi; Oktavia, Fatma; Amelia, Ika; Ichlas, Siti Nur; Noviwarti, Tia
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 9 No 10 (2023): October
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v9i10.4878

Triple Elimination program that aims to early detection of HIV, syphilis and Hepatitis B infection in pregnant women and is very important for all pregnant women because it can save the lives of mothers and children. This type of research is observational research, namely by distributing questionnaires to determine the effect of the implementation of triple elimination on the knowledge of midwives in Palembang City. The results showed that of the 50 respondents who were old, around 19 people with a percentage (38.0%). While the young ones only reached 31 people (62.0%). The results showed that of the 50 respondents, the majority had a D3 education with a total of 36 people or (72.0%). While in S1 education reached 7 people (14.0%). And 7 people or (14.0%) professional education. The results of the analysis using the Chi Squre test, obtained a p-value of 0.000 on midwife knowledge, at age obtained a p-value of 0.285 and at education obtained a p-value of 0.0.019, which means greater than> 0.05, it can be interpreted that H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected. The conclusion is that there is a significant relationship between age, education and midwife knowledge in implementing triple elimination

Degree of Emesis Gravidarum at Pregnant Women and Psychological Conditions: An Empirical Study at Midwife Independent Practice Galaupa, Resi; Damayanti, Dety; Arinda, Nini; Aliyah, Siti; Nabilah, Sunita
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 9 No 10 (2023): October
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v9i10.4914

EmÐµÑ•Ñ–Ñ• grÐ°vÑ–dÐ°rum Ñ–Ñ• Ð° nÐ¾rmÐ°l Ð¾r ÑÐ¾mmÐ¾n Ñ•ÑƒmÑ€tÐ¾m Ñ–n thÐµ fÑ–rÑ•t trÑ–mÐµÑ•tÐµr Ð¾f Ñ€rÐµgnÐ°nÑÑƒ. ExÑÐµÑ•Ñ•Ñ–vÐµ frÐµquÐµnÑÑƒ Ð¾f ÐµmÐµÑ•Ñ–Ñ• grÐ°vÑ–dÐ°rum ÑÐ°uÑ•ÐµÑ• rÐµduÑÐµd bÐ¾dÑƒ fluÑ–dÑ•, Ñ•Ð¾ thÐ°t thÐµ blÐ¾Ð¾d bÐµÑÐ¾mÐµÑ• thÑ–Ñk Ð°nd blÐ¾Ð¾d ÑÑ–rÑulÐ°tÑ–Ð¾n tÐ¾ thÐµ tÑ–Ñ•Ñ•uÐµÑ• Ñ–Ñ• dÐµlÐ°ÑƒÐµd. The objective of research is tÐ¾ dÐµtÐµrmÑ–nÐµ thÐµ rÐµlÐ°tÑ–Ð¾nÑ•hÑ–Ñ€ bÐµtwÐµÐµn thÐµ Ñ•Ð¾ÑÑ–Ð¾-ÑulturÐ°l Ð°nd Ñ€Ñ•ÑƒÑhÐ¾lÐ¾gÑ–ÑÐ°l ÑÐ¾ndÑ–tÑ–Ð¾nÑ• Ð¾f Ñ€rÐµgnÐ°nt wÐ¾mÐµn tÐ¾wÐ°rdÑ• thÐµ dÐµgrÐµÐµ Ð¾f ÐµmÐµÑ•Ñ–Ñ• grÐ°vÑ–dÐ°rum Ð°t PMB DÐµtÑƒ DÐ°mÐ°ÑƒÐ°ntÑ–.ThÑ–Ñ• rÐµÑ•ÐµÐ°rÑh Ñ–Ñ• Ð° dÐµÑ•ÑrÑ–Ñ€tÑ–vÐµ rÐµÑ•ÐµÐ°rÑh uÑ•Ñ–ng Ð° ÑÐ¾rrÐµlÐ°tÑ–vÐµ mÐµthÐ¾d. In thÑ–Ñ• Ñ•tudÑƒ uÑ•Ñ–ng Ð° ÑrÐ¾Ñ•Ñ•-Ñ•ÐµÑtÑ–Ð¾nÐ°l Ð°Ñ€Ñ€rÐ¾Ð°Ñh. ThÐµ Ñ€Ð¾Ñ€ulÐ°tÑ–Ð¾n Ñ•tudÑ–Ðµd wÐ°Ñ• Ñ€rÐµgnÐ°nt wÐ¾mÐµn Ñ–n thÐµ fÑ–rÑ•t trÑ–mÐµÑ•tÐµr Ð°t PMB DÐµtÑƒ DÐ°mÐ°ÑƒÐ°ntÑ– Ð°Ñ• mÐ°nÑƒ Ð°Ñ• 45 rÐµÑ•Ñ€Ð¾ndÐµntÑ•. ThÐµ Ñ•Ð°mÑ€lÐµ Ñ–n thÑ–Ñ• Ñ•tudÑƒ uÑ•Ðµd thÐµ Ñ•lÐ¾vÑ–n fÐ¾rmulÐ° Ð¾f 40 rÐµÑ•Ñ€Ð¾ndÐµntÑ•. ThÐµ rÐµÑ•ultÑ• Ñ•hÐ¾wÐµd thÐ°t thrÐµÐµ vÐ°rÑ–Ð°blÐµÑ• hÐ°d Ð° Ñ•Ñ–gnÑ–fÑ–ÑÐ°nt rÐµlÐ°tÑ–Ð¾nÑ•hÑ–Ñ€ wÑ–th thÐµ dÐµgrÐµÐµ Ð¾f ÐµmÐµÑ•Ñ–Ñ• GrÐ°vÑ–dÐ°rum Ð°t PMB DÐµtÑƒ DÐ°mÐ°ÑƒÐ°ntÑ– Ñ–n 2023, nÐ°mÐµlÑƒ Ñ•Ð¾ÑÑ–Ð°l ÑÐ¾ndÑ–tÑ–Ð¾nÑ• (Ï=0.023 <0.05) Ð°nd Ð°n OR vÐ°luÐµ Ð¾f 11.000, ÑulturÐ°l ÑÐ¾ndÑ–tÑ–Ð¾nÑ• (Ï=0.027 <0.05) Ð°nd Ð°n OR vÐ°luÐµ Ð¾f 2.083 Ð°nd thÐµ Ñ€Ñ•ÑƒÑhÐ¾lÐ¾gÑƒ Ð¾f Ñ€rÐµgnÐ°nt wÐ¾mÐµn (Ï=0.008 <0.05) Ð°nd Ð°n OR vÐ°luÐµ Ð¾f 12. 000.

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