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All Journal HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi
Al Fatih, Ahmad Nuril Fuad
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Immunology & microbiology Social Sciences

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Pengembangan Protokol Deteksi Staphylococcus aureus Berbasis Molekuler Koentjoro, Maharani Pertiwi; Alviani, Melinda Nuril; Jatmiko, Yoga Dwi; Habibah, Laila Nur; Al Fatih, Ahmad Nuril Fuad; Kartikaningsih, Hartati
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol 12, No 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v12i1.9494

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus becomes a normal flora in humans, especially on the skin and in the nose. However, if it becomes excessive or if there are pathogenic variants, it can cause various health problems. The purpose of the study is to develop a molecular-based detection method for Staphylococcus aureus using the norA primer gene. The norA gene in Staphylococcus aureus is known to play a role in pathogenesis with its antibiotic resistance ability. This type of research is analytical observational with a cross-sectional method. The methods in the study include the isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus from healthcare facility equipment. Isolation and identification include bacterial isolation using Blood Agar Plate (BAP) media; isolate purification, Gram staining; biochemical tests using Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) media, glucose tests, Voges Proskauer (VP) tests, catalase tests, and coagulase tests. Furthermore, S. aureus isolates were tested using a molecular-based method, namely Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This method includes DNA isolation stages, qualitative testing with agarose gel electrophoresis, semi-quantitative testing with image J software, amplification with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using norA gene primers. The Mann-Whitney test results gave a value of p = 0.334 (p> 0.05) indicating the suitability between the culture method and the PCR method with the developed protocol in detecting Staphylococcus aureus. The developed method includes the use of base sequences in the norA gene primer, optimization of annealing and extension temperatures, and the concentration of DNA templates used.
The Role of Biofilm on Microplastics as A Vector for Heavy Metals in the Waters of Sendang Biru, Malang Regency Al Fatih, Ahmad Nuril Fuad; Kurniawan, Andi; Koentjoro, Maharani Pertiwi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 32 No. 4 (2025): July 2025
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.32.4.1092-1102

Abstract

Microplastic contamination in water provides an ideal surface for biofilm formation. It facilitates other pollutants, such as heavy metals, to attach to their surface. This interaction leads to biological and environmental problems. We tested this phenomenon by investigating the presence of microplastics in water, biofilms on surfaces, and heavy metal accumulation during September 2024. It further examines the relationship between microplastic and their contamination in fish. Samples were collected from two stations, namely Kondang Buntung Fish Auction Place (TPI) and the Indonesian Navy Post, water from Sendang Biru, using a purposive sampling method. A total of 20 liters of water and 6 Banyar fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta) specimens were analyzed. In contrast, biofilm morphology and heavy metal content were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray. The result found that fibre-shaped microplastics, with fragments and filaments, dominated water samples. Microplastics 1-5 mm in size show that their colors included black, blue, red, and transparent. Five biofilm morphologies on the microplastic surfaces were identified: platelet, thin film, solid film, sporous, and diatoms. Heavy metals (Pb, Hg, Cd, Al, Mg, Fe) were detected with weight percentages ranging from 0.473 to 2.533%. Microplastics are found in the digestive tracts of fish, predominantly microplastic as filaments followed by fragments and fibers. We found that biofilm-coated microplastics accumulate heavy metals, posing a risk of pollutant transfer to aquatic organisms.
Pengembangan Protokol Deteksi Staphylococcus aureus Berbasis Molekuler Koentjoro, Maharani Pertiwi; Alviani, Melinda Nuril; Jatmiko, Yoga Dwi; Habibah, Laila Nur; Al Fatih, Ahmad Nuril Fuad; Kartikaningsih, Hartati
Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Vol. 12 No. 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Department of Biology Education, FSTT, Mandalika University of Education, Indonesia.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33394/bioscientist.v12i1.9494

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus becomes a normal flora in humans, especially on the skin and in the nose. However, if it becomes excessive or if there are pathogenic variants, it can cause various health problems. The purpose of the study is to develop a molecular-based detection method for Staphylococcus aureus using the norA primer gene. The norA gene in Staphylococcus aureus is known to play a role in pathogenesis with its antibiotic resistance ability. This type of research is analytical observational with a cross-sectional method. The methods in the study include the isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus from healthcare facility equipment. Isolation and identification include bacterial isolation using Blood Agar Plate (BAP) media; isolate purification, Gram staining; biochemical tests using Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) media, glucose tests, Voges Proskauer (VP) tests, catalase tests, and coagulase tests. Furthermore, S. aureus isolates were tested using a molecular-based method, namely Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This method includes DNA isolation stages, qualitative testing with agarose gel electrophoresis, semi-quantitative testing with image J software, amplification with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using norA gene primers. The Mann-Whitney test results gave a value of p = 0.334 (p> 0.05) indicating the suitability between the culture method and the PCR method with the developed protocol in detecting Staphylococcus aureus. The developed method includes the use of base sequences in the norA gene primer, optimization of annealing and extension temperatures, and the concentration of DNA templates used.
Co-Authors Alviani, Melinda Nuril Andi Kurniawan Habibah, Laila Nur Kartikaningsih, Hartati Maharani Pertiwi Koentjoro YOGA DWI JATMIKO