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All Journal JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization
Makhtar, Siti Noormiza
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Computer Science & IT

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Battery Condition Monitoring of Quadrotor UAV Using Machine Learning Classification Algorithm Binti Mohd Sabudin, Umi Syahirah; Makhtar, Siti Noormiza; Nor, Elya Mohd; Muhamed, Siti Anizah; Mohd Sani, Fareisya Zulaikha; Kamarudin, Nur Diyana
JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization Vol 8, No 3 (2024)
Publisher : Society of Visual Informatics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62527/joiv.8.3.2040

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicle flight performance and efficiency rely on various factors. Flight instabilities can happen due to malfunctions inside the system and disturbances from the external environment. Battery status plays a significant role in healthy flight conditions. A weak battery will affect the performance of propellers and motors, and the presence of wind disturbance can contribute towards inefficient flying capabilities. Therefore, investigation of fault at the early stage is crucial to maintain the great performance of the UAV. This paper aims to investigate the best prediction system from the existing machine learning algorithm such as Decision Tree (DT), Linear Discriminant (LD), Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Neural Network (NN) to classify the battery condition of the quadrotor by extracting the features from the displacement time series dataset. By using recorded flight data, it will be statistically analyzed to extract the flying condition features. The extracted features are the Euclidian distance (ED), speed, acceleration, Periodogram Power spectral density (PSD) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the signal. The result shows that the two best classifier algorithms are the Decision Tree and Neural Network models with training accuracy of 98% and 93% in Set A and B, respectively.
Comparison of VTOL UAV Battery Level for Propeller Faulty Classification Model Mohd Sani, Fareisya Zulaikha; Mohamad Zin, Ahmad Arif Izudin; Mohd Nor, Elya; Kamarudin, Nur Diyana; Makhtar, Siti Noormiza
JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization Vol 8, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Society of Visual Informatics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62527/joiv.8.2.2177

Abstract

The degradation of batteries in UAVs may result in various problems, such as connectivity troubles, flight delays, and unexpected accidents. Flight safety and reliability are affected by propeller efficiency and performance. This study explores an acoustic-based method to classify propeller faulty conditions in Vertical Take-Off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (VTOL UAV). The main objective is to emphasize the difference between classifier models developed using different battery-level flight data. The sound generated by VTOL UAV provides valuable information about the flight performance, essential for effectively monitoring flying conditions and identifying potential faults. This study uses three classification algorithms-Medium Tree (MT), Linear Support Vector Machine (LSVM), and Linear Discriminant (LD), to classify propeller failures of VTOL UAVs. Datasets are collected from three simulated propeller faulty conditions using a wireless microphone connected to a smartphone in an indoor lab environment with a soundproofing mechanism. The Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients technique is implemented in MATLAB (R2020a) to extract valuable features from the recorded sound signals. Extracted features from high and low-battery flights are utilized to develop classification models. Classifiers' performance is analyzed to compare the difference between selected models developed using high and low-battery flight data. The accuracy was measured with other samples to test the robustness of classification models. LSVM and MT classification models developed using high-battery flight data produce better accuracy than low-battery flight data in the training and testing phases. LD classification model developed using high-battery flight data produces better accuracy than low-battery flight data in the testing phase only. These results show that battery degradation can affect the performance of the VTOL UAV faulty classification algorithm.
COVID-19 Social Distancing Tracking and Monitoring System (SDMOS-19) Binti Abdullah, Nurafrina Arrysya; Kamarudin, Nur Diyana Binti; Makhtar, Siti Noormiza; Mat Jusoh, Ruzanna; Alanda, Alde
JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization Vol 8, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Society of Visual Informatics

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62527/joiv.8.1.1199

Abstract

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), stemming from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has garnered global concern as a virulent infectious ailment. Recognized as an epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), the persistently mutating virus sustains its transmission within communities. Individuals have been advised to uphold a safe interpersonal distance, notably around five feet, to mitigate its spread during social interactions. Addressing this imperative, an innovative automated social distancing detection system is conceived, leveraging the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm. This system operates on two distinct input modes: static images and recorded videos recorded on closed-circuit television (CCTV). Remarkably, the proposed automated system adeptly quantifies and surveils the extent of social distancing among individuals in densely populated settings. A sophisticated framework accurately discerns social distancing compliance, delineating between hazardous and secure intervals via distinct red and green bounding box indicators. The culmination of this endeavor reveals an impressive 90% detection accuracy for both input modes. Notably, this proposed system holds substantial promise for implementation within sprawling premises such as expansive shopping malls or recreational parks. Seamlessly enforcing automated safety distance assessment expedites real-time insights to security departments and other relevant authorities. Consequently, the efficacy of citizens in upholding safe interpersonal distances can be promptly evaluated and, if necessary, corrective measures can be expeditiously instituted. This automated system ensures public health and safety maintenance, particularly in difficult circumstances.
Co-Authors Alde Alanda, Alde Binti Abdullah, Nurafrina Arrysya Binti Mohd Sabudin, Umi Syahirah Kamarudin, Nur Diyana Kamarudin, Nur Diyana Binti Mat Jusoh, Ruzanna Mohamad Zin, Ahmad Arif Izudin Mohd Nor, Elya Mohd Sani, Fareisya Zulaikha Muhamed, Siti Anizah Nor, Elya Mohd