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All Journal Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Ekasakti Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian (EJPP) Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (FJMR) Jurnal Terapan Pemerintahan Minangkabau JIPRO : Journal Of Intellectual Property Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) Jurnal Lemhannas RI Journal of Legal and Cultural Analytics (JLCA) Ethics and Law Journal: Business and Notary Lex Prospicit Socio-political Communication and Policy Review
Kennedy, Alexander
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Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Public Health Social Sciences Other

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The Relevance of Caveat Emptor Doctrine to Online Loan Contracts in Indonesia Kennedy, Alexander; Ida Bagus Gede Satya Wibawa Antara; Sophia Al Hikmah; Victor Pandunata
Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Vol. 24 No. 1 (2025): Pena Justisia
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Pekalongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31941/pj.v24i2.6304

Abstract

The rapid development of financial technologies in the internet-based P2P lending platform revolutionizes the way to get access to credit by directly connecting borrowers and lenders. It also develops grave legal issues coupled with consumer protection matters, primarily because of the problems arising from information asymmetry and the dominance of platform-controlled contracts. This research attempts to examine the possibility of the application of the caveat emptor doctrine on online loan contracts in Indonesia and whether or not the application of the doctrine is too oppressive for the borrowers amidst the development of fintech. Adopting a normative juridical type of research, this research follows a close examination of the laws, regulations, court decisions, and legal literature. This study shows that, while caveat emptor still applies, its unqualified application is modified by robust consumer protection law that imposes standards of transparency and honesty on the lending sites. Problems of usury rates of interest, oppressive debt collection, and privacy violations all suggest the necessity for greater regulatory supervision and better consumer financial education. It contributes to the legal literature as the reinterpretation of traditional contract law principles-that is, pursuant to cases brought about by the digital era-provides balanced insights relevant to regulators, platform providers, and consumers. The research thus points to the need to balance these ancient doctrines with modern consumer protection mechanisms to achieve equity and sustainability in the online lending market.
Tinjauan Hukum Penjualan Sirine Dan Lampu Isyarat Kepada Masyarakat Sipil Berdasarkan Hak Dan Kewajiban Warga Negara Kennedy, Alexander; Wartoyo, Franciscus Xaverius
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik Vol. 4 No. 3 (2024): (JIHHP) Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (Maret - April 2024)
Publisher : Dinasti Review Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/jihhp.v4i3.1868

Abstract

Perkembangan pengguna kendaraan bermotor di Indonesia telah berkembang sangat pesat, dimana hal tersebut juga mendorong tingginya tingkat kepadatan lalu lintas di Indonesia. Hal tersebut menyebabkan suatu hambatan bagi kendaraan-kendaraan prioritas yang ingin melintas karena alasan kedaduratan. Salah satu solusi dari pemerintah adalah pemberian hak bagi kendaraan-kendaraan tertentu agar dapat menggunakan sirine dan lampu isyarat sebagai tanda peringatan bagi pengendara lainnya. Kemudahan akses dalam memperoleh sirine dan lampu isyarat membuat sebagian masyarakat juga ingin mendapatkan hak prioritas yang sama untuk menghindari kemacetan.Penggunaan sirine dan lampu isyarat yang tidak bertanggung jawab sering ditemukan di tengah masyarakat, padahal seharusnya masyarakat wajib melaksanakan hukum yang ada. Anomali tersebut terjadi karena belum adanya kepastian hukum yang mengikat para penjual perlengkapan sirine dan lampu isyarat di Indonesia. Sebuah permasalahan tidak akan selesai jika tidak dikerjakan dari akarnya; oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini ingin melihat sejauhmana pentingnya peraturan untuk penjualan sirine dan lampu isyarat diperlukan oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dan bersifat eksplanatori, dimana penulis menggunakan sumber-sumber hukum dan penelitian terhadulu yang tersedia untuk dijadikan bahan dalam penelitian.
HAK ASASI MANUSIA DAN KEADILAN BERMARTABAT: PERBANDINGAN TEORI DAN REALITAS DI INDONESIA Kennedy, Alexander
Ekasakti Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): (EJPP) Ekasakti Jurnal Penelitian & Pegabdian (November 2023 - April 2024)
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/ejpp.v4i1.1043

Abstract

Protection of Human Rights (HAM) in Indonesia has been mandated and maintained by the laws and regulations of the Republic of Indonesia. However, the reality on the ground shows that there are a number of obstacles, including human rights violations by individuals, restrictions on freedom, and limitations in upholding human rights. Therefore, contributions from the theory of dignified justice are needed to overcome this problem. The research method applied in this research is a normative legal study using a statutory approach. Then the research results will be analyzed descriptively, analytically and prescriptively. The research results show that the theory of dignified justice places Pancasila as the highest source of law, linking it to justice and political ethics. Dignified justice emphasizes that the law must humanize humans and create a dignified society. By focusing on the essence of law, this theory creates a strong connection between values in the legal system. The reality of Human Rights (HAM) in Indonesia, as recognized by Law Number 39 of 1999, emphasizes that human rights are a gift from God that is inherent in human nature. Even though it is absolute and universal, there are serious challenges such as human rights violations, restrictions on freedom, and suboptimal enforcement. Issues involve violence, child abuse, bullying, and the injustice of the legal system.
Tantangan dan Solusi Penerapan E-Government di Indonesia Kennedy, Alexander; Surya, William Hartato; Wartoyo, Franciscus Xaverius
JURNAL TERAPAN PEMERINTAHAN MINANGKABAU Vol 4 No 2 (2024): Juli - Desember 2024
Publisher : Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri (IPDN) Kampus Sumatera Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33701/jtpm.v4i2.4459

Abstract

This study describes the challenges and solutions in implementing e-government in Indonesia using a qualitative and case study approach. The study aims to understand the policy framework underpinning the implementation of e-government in Indonesia, identify the challenges faced, and develop practical recommendations to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of e-government. This research involves the analysis of official documents such as government policies, reports from official government and international agencies, legislation, and other related documents. Data are analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis methods by classifying and identifying the main themes from the analyzed documents. The validity of the findings is confirmed through data triangulation by comparing relevant official documents and by considering case studies from other countries that have successfully implemented e-government as comparative material. The results show that the main challenges in implementing e-government in Indonesia include the digital divide, limited internet access, high costs, low public awareness, language and literacy issues, privacy and data security concerns, and resistance to change. Based on these findings, practical recommendations are formulated, such as enhancing digital infrastructure, providing education and training for the public, and strengthening regulatory frameworks to support more effective and efficient e-government implementation in Indonesia.
Perbuatan Melawan Hukum sebagai Upaya Perlindungan terhadap Hak Subjektif Kennedy, Alexander
Ethics and Law Journal: Business and Notary Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : CV. Lenggogeni Data Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61292/eljbn.287

Abstract

The concept of Perbuatan Melawan Hukum (PMH) or tort in Indonesian civil law functions not only as a legal basis for claims of compensation but also as a mechanism to protect individuals’ subjective rights. Initially, “unlawful act” was narrowly interpreted as a violation of written laws; however, jurisprudential development, particularly since the landmark Lindenbaum vs Cohen (1919) case, has broadened its scope to include violations of propriety, morality, and rights recognized by society. This study examines the regulation of PMH under the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and its jurisprudential development, as well as its role in protecting subjective rights. Using a normative juridical method with statute and case approaches, the research draws on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that PMH serves a dual function, remedial (restoring losses) and preventive (deterring violations) and can protect subjective rights even when no specific legislation exists. However, challenges remain in proving fault, causation, and avoiding inconsistency in judicial decisions. The study recommends clear judicial guidelines, adaptive civil law reform, and enhanced judicial capacity to ensure consistent application of PMH as an instrument of rights protection within the framework of the rule of law. Keywords: Unlawful Act; Subjective Rights; Civil Law; Jurisprudence; Legal Protection. Abstrak Perbuatan Melawan Hukum (PMH) merupakan instrumen penting dalam hukum perdata Indonesia yang berfungsi tidak hanya sebagai dasar tuntutan ganti rugi, tetapi juga sebagai mekanisme perlindungan hak subjektif individu. Awalnya, konsep “melawan hukum” diartikan secara sempit sebagai pelanggaran terhadap peraturan tertulis, namun perkembangan yurisprudensi, khususnya sejak perkara Lindenbaum vs Cohen (1919), memperluas cakupannya hingga mencakup pelanggaran norma kepatutan, kesusilaan, dan hak yang diakui masyarakat. Permasalahan yang dikaji meliputi pengaturan PMH dalam KUHPerdata dan perkembangan penerapannya melalui yurisprudensi, serta perannya dalam melindungi hak subjektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan dan kasus, didukung analisis bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Hasil pembahasan menunjukkan bahwa PMH memiliki fungsi ganda, yaitu remedial (pemulihan kerugian) dan preventif (pencegahan pelanggaran), serta mampu melindungi hak subjektif meski belum diatur khusus dalam undang-undang. Namun, tantangan muncul pada pembuktian unsur kesalahan, hubungan kausal, dan potensi inkonsistensi putusan hakim. Disarankan adanya pedoman yudisial yang jelas, pembaruan hukum perdata yang adaptif, dan peningkatan kapasitas hakim untuk memastikan konsistensi penerapan PMH sebagai instrumen perlindungan hak dalam kerangka negara hukum.
Vicarious Liability dalam Pertanggungjawaban Perusahaan Otobus atas Kelalaian Sopir: Studi Kasus Putusan Kennedy, Alexander
Ethics and Law Journal: Business and Notary Vol. 3 No. 4 (2025)
Publisher : CV. Lenggogeni Data Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61292/eljbn.288

Abstract

Abstract This article analyzes the application of vicarious liability in Indonesian civil law through Article 1367 of the Civil Code (KUHPer) as a derivation of Article 1365, using District Court of Sidoarjo Judgment No. 331/Pdt.G/2022/PN Sda as a case study. Using a normative juridical method and statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, the study underscores the “gatekeeping” role of the unlawful act (PMH) before liability can be attributed to the employer. To interpret the scope of employment, the article applies three practical lenses: control-benefit, functional integration, and foreseeability and proposes using criminal judgments as facts in civil proceedings. The novelty lies in turning principles into measurable evidentiary indicators (safety SOPs, fatigue management, telematics, operational documentation) to distinguish enterprise risk from personal negligence. The findings show the driver acted within the scope, making the bus company jointly liable; the framework improves predictability, strengthens victim protection, and promotes compliance by design. Keywords: Tort, Vicarious Liability, Private Law. Abstrak Artikel ini menganalisis penerapan vicarious liability dalam hukum perdata Indonesia melalui Pasal 1367 KUHPer sebagai derivasi Pasal 1365 KUHPer, dengan studi kasus Putusan PN Sidoarjo No. 331/Pdt.G/2022/PN Sda. Berbasis metode yuridis normatif dan pendekatan perundang-undangan, kasus, serta konseptual, penelitian menegaskan peran “gatekeeping” PMH sebelum atribusi tanggung jawab pada majikan. Untuk menafsirkan ruang lingkup pekerjaan, artikel menerapkan secara praktis tiga lensa: kontrol-manfaat, integrasi fungsional, dan keterkiraan risiko, serta mengusulkan pemanfaatan putusan pidana sebagai fakta di ranah perdata. Kebaruan terletak pada transformasi asas menjadi indikator pembuktian yang terukur (SOP keselamatan, manajemen kelelahan, telematika, dokumentasi operasional) guna membedakan risiko usaha dari kelalaian pribadi. Temuan menunjukkan tindakan sopir berada dalam jabatan sehingga PO bus bertanggung renteng; kerangka ini meningkatkan prediktabilitas putusan, memperkuat perlindungan korban, dan mendorong compliance by design.
Co-Authors Astea Novtalia Liuman Ida Bagus Gede Satya Wibawa Antara Mustika, Syilfia Regita Natallia Lai Sophia Al Hikmah Stefanie Claudia Abdi Muljo Surya, William Hartato Victor Pandunata Wartoyo, Franciscus Xaverius