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All Journal Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum Ekasakti Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian (EJPP) Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (FJMR) Jurnal Terapan Pemerintahan Minangkabau JIPRO : Journal Of Intellectual Property Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik (JIHHP) Jurnal Lemhannas RI Journal of Legal and Cultural Analytics (JLCA) Ethics and Law Journal: Business and Notary Lex Prospicit Socio-political Communication and Policy Review
Kennedy, Alexander
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Humanities Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Public Health Social Sciences Other

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PERLINDUNGAN MEREK DAGANG PADA PLATFORM E-COMMERCE DI INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HAM Kennedy, Alexander; Wartoyo, Franciscus Xaverius
JIPRO: Journal of Intellectual Property JIPRO, Vol. 7, No.2, 2024
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/jipro.vol7.iss2.art1

Abstract

The growth of e-commerce transactions in Indonesia reached 533 trillion Rupiah in 2023, reflecting a significant transformation in the national business landscape. This increase opens new opportunities for companies to expand their markets but also presents challenges related to business competition and intellectual property rights protection. Trademarks, as valuable assets representing the reputation and quality of products, require effective protection to build consumer trust and maintain brand integrity. This protection becomes increasingly crucial in the digital era due to the rising cases of trademark infringements, including unauthorized use and counterfeiting. This study highlights the importance of adaptive legislation and the role of technology in detecting counterfeit products in e-commerce. By employing normative juridical methods, this research analyzes the effectiveness of regulations and practices in trademark protection in Indonesia, comparing them with best practices in other countries. The study also evaluates the impact of trademark protection on human rights, emphasizing that the right to a trademark is part of intellectual property rights that protect the economic and social interests of trademark owners. E-commerce platforms play a crucial role in protecting trademarks by implementing internal policies, reporting mechanisms, and cooperation with relevant authorities. Despite progress, challenges remain, particularly in monitoring the large volume of products and addressing increasingly sophisticated infringement methods. Effective trademark protection not only enhances consumer trust but also fosters innovation and digital economic growth. This research provides recommendations to improve collaboration between the government, e-commerce platforms, and trademark owners in protecting intellectual property rights in Indonesia.
Analisis Hukum Persaingan Usaha Platform Marketplace Online Pada Era Ekonomi Digital Kennedy, Alexander
Ethics and Law Journal: Business and Notary Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : CV. Lenggogeni Data Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61292/eljbn.243

Abstract

The development of the digital economy in Indonesia has led to the emergence of online marketplace platforms that implement policies requiring sellers to offer products at prices equal to or lower than on other platforms. This study analyzes the legal implications of such policies on business competition and their impact on sellers and consumers within the online marketplace ecosystem. The research method used is normative juridical, analyzing applicable laws and regulations, particularly Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. Secondary data from legal literature, academic journals, and relevant case studies are used to evaluate the compliance of platform policies with the principles of competition law. This study results show that platform policies limiting sellers’ pricing autonomy potentially violate Article 5, Article 17, and Article 25 of Law No. 5 of 1999, which prohibit price-fixing and abuse of dominant position. These policies restrict sellers' autonomy, reduce profit margins, and may inhibit healthy competition between platforms. The negative impact on small and medium sellers can also harm consumers in the long term by reducing product choices and innovation. This study recommends reevaluating platform policies, strengthening the role of the Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU) in oversight, developing specific regulations for the digital economy, educating sellers and consumers, and implementing ethical business practices by platforms. Through these measures, a healthy, fair, and sustainable digital economic ecosystem in Indonesia can be achieved. Abstrak Perkembangan ekonomi digital di Indonesia telah memunculkan platform pasar daring yang menerapkan kebijakan meminta penjual menjual produk dengan harga lebih rendah atau sama dengan platform lain. Penelitian ini menganalisis implikasi hukum dari kebijakan tersebut terhadap persaingan usaha serta dampaknya bagi penjual dan konsumen dalam ekosistem pasar daring. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif, dengan menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku, khususnya Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Data sekunder dari literatur hukum, jurnal ilmiah, dan studi kasus terkait digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian kebijakan platform dengan prinsip-prinsip hukum persaingan usaha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan platform yang membatasi penetapan harga oleh penjual berpotensi melanggar Pasal 5, Pasal 17, dan Pasal 25 UU No. 5 Tahun 1999, yang melarang pengaturan harga dan penyalahgunaan posisi dominan. Kebijakan ini membatasi otonomi penjual, menekan margin keuntungan, dan dapat menghambat persaingan sehat antar platform. Dampak negatif terhadap penjual kecil dan menengah juga dapat merugikan konsumen dalam jangka panjang melalui berkurangnya pilihan produk dan inovasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan evaluasi ulang kebijakan oleh platform pasar daring, peningkatan peran Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha (KPPU) dalam pengawasan, pengembangan regulasi khusus untuk ekonomi digital, edukasi bagi penjual dan konsumen, serta penerapan etika bisnis oleh platform. Dengan langkah-langkah tersebut, diharapkan tercipta ekosistem ekonomi digital yang sehat, adil, dan berkelanjutan di Indonesia.
Tantangan dan Solusi Penerapan E-Government di Indonesia Kennedy, Alexander; Surya, William Hartato; Wartoyo, Franciscus Xaverius
JURNAL TERAPAN PEMERINTAHAN MINANGKABAU Vol 4 No 2 (2024): Juli - Desember 2024
Publisher : Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri (IPDN) Kampus Sumatera Barat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33701/jtpm.v4i2.4459

Abstract

This study describes the challenges and solutions in implementing e-government in Indonesia using a qualitative and case study approach. The study aims to understand the policy framework underpinning the implementation of e-government in Indonesia, identify the challenges faced, and develop practical recommendations to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of e-government. This research involves the analysis of official documents such as government policies, reports from official government and international agencies, legislation, and other related documents. Data are analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis methods by classifying and identifying the main themes from the analyzed documents. The validity of the findings is confirmed through data triangulation by comparing relevant official documents and by considering case studies from other countries that have successfully implemented e-government as comparative material. The results show that the main challenges in implementing e-government in Indonesia include the digital divide, limited internet access, high costs, low public awareness, language and literacy issues, privacy and data security concerns, and resistance to change. Based on these findings, practical recommendations are formulated, such as enhancing digital infrastructure, providing education and training for the public, and strengthening regulatory frameworks to support more effective and efficient e-government implementation in Indonesia.
The Role of Indonesian Constitutional Law in Sustaining National Resilience Amid Global Challenges Kennedy, Alexander
Jurnal Lemhannas RI Vol 12 No 4 (2024)
Publisher : Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional Republik Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55960/jlri.v12i4.957

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines the role of Indonesian constitutional law in fostering national resilience amid evolving global challenges, including pandemics, climate change, and cyber threats. It aims to analyse how the 1945 Constitution supports national resilience and identify legal gaps that limit its effectiveness. The research also explores potential constitutional reforms to enhance Indonesia’s preparedness and response capacity to modern risks. Study Design/Methodology/Approach: This research employs a normative juridical approach, focusing on doctrinal analysis of legal texts to evaluate constitutional provisions, legislative frameworks, and judicial interpretations. Key legal instruments, such as the 1945 Constitution, national security laws, and disaster management regulations, are critically assessed. Comparative analysis with international constitutional models provides insights into best practices for integrating resilience-focused legal principles. Findings: The findings highlight Indonesia’s constitutional strengths, particularly its emphasis on sovereignty, human rights, social welfare, and governance stability. However, gaps remain, especially in addressing digital security, climate resilience, and transnational threats. The lack of explicit constitutional provisions on these issues, coupled with weak enforcement mechanisms, limits Indonesia’s ability to anticipate and respond effectively. This study recommends constitutional amendments to incorporate cyber resilience, climate change adaptation, and pandemic preparedness while strengthening judicial oversight and public participation in legal reforms. Originality/Value: This study contributes to academic and policy discourses by reinforcing the role of constitutional law in sustaining national resilience. It provides practical recommendations for constitutional reform, aligning Indonesia’s legal framework with global standards while addressing local vulnerabilities. By adopting a proactive, resilience-oriented legal approach, Indonesia can enhance its legal adaptability and governance stability in the face of emerging global challenges.
Legality of Transitioning Residential Homes for Online Business from the Perspective of Citizen’s Rights and Obligations Kennedy, Alexander
Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): January 2025
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/fjmr.v4i1.12643

Abstract

This study investigates the legality of using residential homes for online businesses in Indonesia, focusing on the interplay between citizens' rights and obligations. Utilizing a Normative Juridical approach, it examines laws such as Law No. 1 of 2011 on Housing and Residential Areas, which allows limited business activities without compromising residential functions. Data highlights challenges such as noise, increased traffic, and waste management. The findings stress the need for balanced solutions through responsible business practices, adherence to regulations, and community dialogue. This research contributes to sustainable regulatory frameworks for home-based businesses, fostering harmony between economic activities and residential quality of life. Implications emphasize collaboration among stakeholders to achieve economic and social balance.
Implementation of Marriage Rights Under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Indonesia Kennedy, Alexander
Journal of Legal and Cultural Analytics Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/jlca.v4i1.12895

Abstract

This research examines the compatibility of Indonesia’s marriage laws with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), emphasizing issues of equality, freedom, and non-discrimination. Article 16 of the UDHR guarantees the universal right to marry based on free and full consent, without discrimination. However, Indonesia’s legal framework, particularly the 1974 Marriage Law, reflects the nation's dualist legal approach and its emphasis on particularity, whereby international human rights norms are selectively integrated into domestic law based on cultural and religious contexts. These restrictions include barriers to interfaith marriages, exclusion of non-religious individuals, and gender inequalities perpetuated by provisions such as polygamy. While the law preserves Indonesia’s cultural and religious diversity, it often conflicts with international human rights standards, highlighting tensions between universal norms and local practices. The study employs a juridical normative approach, analyzing legal instruments, court decisions, and international treaties to evaluate Indonesia's partial alignment with UDHR principles. Findings reveal systemic gaps, including discriminatory legal barriers for interfaith couples and women, inconsistent application of administrative provisions for marriage registration, and cultural practices like child marriages that undermine equality and autonomy. The research underscores the need for comprehensive reforms to harmonize Indonesia’s marriage laws with UDHR standards.
Antitrust Law Analysis on the Abuse of Dominant Position in Franchise Agreements in Indonesia Kennedy, Alexander; Astea Novtalia Liuman; Natallia Lai; Stefanie Claudia Abdi Muljo
Journal of Legal and Cultural Analytics Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/jlca.v4i1.13464

Abstract

This study examines the abuse of dominant positions in franchise agreements in Indonesia, highlighting power imbalances between franchisors and franchisees and their impact on market fairness, competition, and franchisee autonomy. Employing a normative juridical methodology, the research analyzes legal frameworks, including Law No. 5 of 1999 on Monopolistic Practices, complemented by comparative studies of international practices. The findings reveal gaps in Indonesia's regulations, enforcement challenges, and significant power asymmetries in franchising, underscoring the need for a dedicated regulatory framework, enhanced institutional capacity, and stakeholder engagement. Recommendations include adopting a Franchise Disclosure Document, dispute resolution mechanisms, and fostering local franchise growth.
Non-Compete Clauses in Contracts and Antitrust Law in Indonesia Kennedy, Alexander; Mustika, Syilfia Regita; Surya, William Hartato
Journal of Legal and Cultural Analytics Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : PT FORMOSA CENDEKIA GLOBAL

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55927/jlca.v4i1.13551

Abstract

This study examines non-compete clauses (NCCs) in franchise agreements within Indonesia’s legal framework, focusing on their alignment with antitrust laws and implications for market competition and entrepreneurship. By analyzing statutory provisions, judicial precedents, and doctrinal interpretations, this normative juridical research evaluates the proportionality and enforceability of NCCs under Indonesian contract and labor law. The study highlights the restrictive nature of NCCs, their potential to hinder economic mobility, and the challenges posed by the lack of regulatory clarity. Findings reveal that while NCCs safeguard franchisors’ interests, overly broad clauses risk violating constitutional principles. The research underscores the need for clear regulatory guidelines to balance contractual autonomy, fair market practices, and labor mobility, promoting innovation and sustainable growth.
Membangun Kebijakan Publik yang Tangguh: Pembelajaran dari Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia Kennedy, Alexander
Socio-political Communication and Policy Review Vol. 2 No. 5 (2025)
Publisher : Lenggogeni Data Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61292/shkr.283

Abstract

This study seeks to evaluate whether Indonesia’s experience in facing the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a stronger and more resilient public policy formulation. It aims to explore how the crisis influenced cross-sector collaboration, transparency in communication, and flexibility in policymaking. Using a normative juridical approach, the research analyzes primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. This method enables a legal framework–based examination of policy responses and their evolution during and after the pandemic. The analysis reveals that the pandemic pushed the Indonesian government to improve inter-agency coordination, strengthen public communication strategies, and involve the community more actively in policymaking. These changes reflect an integration of lessons learned from the crisis into public policy principles such as transparency, good governance, and effective public service delivery. The experience of managing the COVID-19 crisis has shaped a more responsive, transparent, and inclusive approach to public policy formulation in Indonesia. This transformation enhances the country’s readiness to address future challenges through resilient governance practices. Keywords: Public Policy, Covid-19, Policy Flexibility, Legal Politics. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi apakah pengalaman Indonesia dalam menghadapi pandemi COVID-19 telah menghasilkan perumusan kebijakan publik yang lebih kuat dan tangguh. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana krisis tersebut memengaruhi kolaborasi lintas sektor, transparansi dalam komunikasi, dan fleksibilitas dalam pembuatan kebijakan. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, penelitian ini menganalisis bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Pendekatan ini memungkinkan pemeriksaan respons kebijakan dan perkembangannya selama dan setelah pandemi berdasarkan kerangka hukum. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pandemi mendorong pemerintah Indonesia untuk meningkatkan koordinasi antar lembaga, memperkuat strategi komunikasi publik, dan melibatkan masyarakat secara lebih aktif dalam proses pembuatan kebijakan. Perubahan ini mencerminkan integrasi pelajaran yang diperoleh dari krisis ke dalam prinsip-prinsip kebijakan publik, seperti transparansi, tata kelola yang baik, dan pelayanan publik yang efektif. Pengalaman dalam mengelola krisis COVID-19 telah membentuk pendekatan perumusan kebijakan publik di Indonesia yang lebih responsif, transparan, dan inklusif. Transformasi ini meningkatkan kesiapan negara dalam menghadapi tantangan di masa depan melalui praktik pemerintahan yang tangguh.
Legal Compliance of Indonesian Marriage Law with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Kennedy, Alexander
Lex Prospicit Vol. 3 No. 1: February 2025
Publisher : Universitas Pelita Harapan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19166/lp.v3i1.8937

Abstract

The Indonesian Marriage Law Number 1 of 1974 requires marriages to follow the religious laws of both parties, creating challenges for couples from different faiths. These legal constraints often complicate marriage registration, affecting the legal status, inheritance rights, and recognition of children from such unions. The tension between individual rights and religious conformity results in a legal paradox, as Indonesia seeks to balance constitutional freedoms with religious harmony. This article explores the complexities of interfaith marriage in Indonesia, focusing on the interplay between religious doctrines, legal frameworks, and societal attitudes. Using a normative juridical approach, this study analyzes statutory regulations, court decisions, and legal literature to assess the alignment of Indonesia’s laws with international human rights standards, especially Article 16 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). Case studies show that while some court rulings have supported interfaith marriage, broader legal reforms and social acceptance remain necessary. The article concludes with recommendations for reform, emphasizing the need for legal provisions to accommodate interfaith unions, foster social acceptance, and create a balanced framework that respects religious values and individual freedoms. By promoting open dialogue and a more inclusive legal environment, Indonesia can navigate the complexities of interfaith marriage, balancing tradition with modernity. These efforts could contribute to a society that respects diversity and the evolving aspirations of its people.
Co-Authors Astea Novtalia Liuman Ida Bagus Gede Satya Wibawa Antara Mustika, Syilfia Regita Natallia Lai Sophia Al Hikmah Stefanie Claudia Abdi Muljo Surya, William Hartato Victor Pandunata Wartoyo, Franciscus Xaverius