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All Journal JMGCB Journal of Muhammadiyah’s Application Technology Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology (JMGCB)
Salam, Ibrahim
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing

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MUTATIONS AND DRUG RESISTANCE IN MALARIA, TOXOPLASMOSIS AND GIARDIASIS: A REVIEW OF CURRENT CHALLENGES AND MECHANISMS Mohammed, Othman M; Noori, Saif Subhi; Salam, Ibrahim
Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology Vol. 1 No. 8 (2024): Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
Publisher : PT ANTIS INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHER

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/jmgcb.v1i8.878

Abstract

This study addresses the growing threat of drug resistance in malaria, toxoplasmosis, and giardiasis by analyzing the underlying genetic mutations that compromise the efficacy of current treatments. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing more effective therapeutic strategies. A comprehensive review of literature was conducted to identify key mutations associated with drug resistance. In malaria, the focus was on mutations in genes like Pfmdr1, Pfcrt, Pfmrp, and Pfnhe1, which are linked to resistance against antimalarials, particularly the K76T mutation in PfCRT for chloroquine resistance. For toxoplasmosis, mutations in the DHFR-TS and DHPS genes were analyzed, particularly the T83N mutation in DHFR-TS, which confers resistance to pyrimethamine. In giardiasis, the study reviewed mutations in the ferredoxin oxidoreductase gene that reduce the efficacy of metronidazole. The analysis revealed that specific mutations in these parasites significantly contribute to the development of drug resistance, complicating treatment protocols. In malaria, PfMRP1 mutations are particularly concerning due to their role in resistance to both chloroquine and quinine. Toxoplasmosis resistance is notably influenced by DHFR-TS and DHPS mutations, while giardiasis resistance is linked to alterations in drug transport and enzyme function. This study synthesizes the most recent findings on genetic resistance mechanisms in these three parasitic diseases, offering insights that could inform the development of next-generation therapies and improve resistance management strategies, ultimately contributing to better health outcomes.
KAWASAN WISATA TANI DI KABUPATEN WAJO DENGAN PENEKANAN ARSITEKTUR ORGANIK Salam, Ibrahim; Latif, Sahabuddin; Amalia, Andi Annisa; Syahruyinita, Andi; Nur, Khilda Wildana; Fuadillah, Siti
Journal of Muhammadiyah’s Application Technology Vol. 1 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26618/jumptech.v1i3.8736

Abstract

Dilihat dari sektor perekonomian daerah Wajo, secara eksplisit dibidang pertanian yaitu padi sangat dominan dan hampir seluru kecamatan melakukan pekerjaan dibidang persawahan atau padi, sehingga memungkin kan untuk membangun kawasan wisata tani di Kabupaten Wajo. Oleh karena itu mendasain Kawasan wisata pertanian salah satu upaya yang dapat membantu masyarakat dalam melakukan pertumbuhan daerah yang dapat menghasilkan keuntungan dalam sector pertanian maupun ekonomi untuk masyarakat sekitar dan memberikan edukasi ke pada masyarakat bahwa pertanian tidak harus selalu berada dibawa paparan sinar matahari. Untuk mendapatkan konsep yang ideal, maka dilakukan survei lokasi dan studi literatur tentang Wisata Tani dengan konsep arsitektur organik atau studi kasus dengan bangunan sejenis di beberapa tempat. Hasil desain telah dilaksanakan dengan menghasilkan gambar desain dengan luas kurang lebih 8 ha, menerapkan konsep arsitektur organik yang dapat menampilkan aplikasi modern dan tradisional. Wisata tani ini memiliki beberapa fasilitas penunjang diantaranya resto, kafe, penginapan/villa, rumah pembibitan, rumah pengembang biakan, dan masjid. Dengan adanya bangunan ini, maka kebutuhan sarana para wisatawan di Kawasan terpenuhi.
MUTATIONS AND DRUG RESISTANCE IN MALARIA, TOXOPLASMOSIS AND GIARDIASIS: A REVIEW OF CURRENT CHALLENGES AND MECHANISMS Mohammed, Othman M; Noori, Saif Subhi; Salam, Ibrahim
Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology Vol. 1 No. 8 (2024): Journal of Medical Genetics and Clinical Biology
Publisher : PT. Antis International Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61796/jmgcb.v1i8.878

Abstract

This study addresses the growing threat of drug resistance in malaria, toxoplasmosis, and giardiasis by analyzing the underlying genetic mutations that compromise the efficacy of current treatments. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing more effective therapeutic strategies. A comprehensive review of literature was conducted to identify key mutations associated with drug resistance. In malaria, the focus was on mutations in genes like Pfmdr1, Pfcrt, Pfmrp, and Pfnhe1, which are linked to resistance against antimalarials, particularly the K76T mutation in PfCRT for chloroquine resistance. For toxoplasmosis, mutations in the DHFR-TS and DHPS genes were analyzed, particularly the T83N mutation in DHFR-TS, which confers resistance to pyrimethamine. In giardiasis, the study reviewed mutations in the ferredoxin oxidoreductase gene that reduce the efficacy of metronidazole. The analysis revealed that specific mutations in these parasites significantly contribute to the development of drug resistance, complicating treatment protocols. In malaria, PfMRP1 mutations are particularly concerning due to their role in resistance to both chloroquine and quinine. Toxoplasmosis resistance is notably influenced by DHFR-TS and DHPS mutations, while giardiasis resistance is linked to alterations in drug transport and enzyme function. This study synthesizes the most recent findings on genetic resistance mechanisms in these three parasitic diseases, offering insights that could inform the development of next-generation therapies and improve resistance management strategies, ultimately contributing to better health outcomes.
Co-Authors A. Amin, Siti Fuadillah Amalia, Andi Annisa Mohammed, Othman M Noori, Saif Subhi NUR, KHILDA WILDANA Sahabuddin Latif, Sahabuddin Syahruyinita, Andi