Articles
<![CDATA[Environmental Impacts Of The Oil And Gas Platform Decommissioning ]]>
<![CDATA[R. Desrina]]>;
<![CDATA[Chairil Anwar]]>;
<![CDATA[Tri Muji Susantoro]]>
<![CDATA[ Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 36 No. 2 (2013): SCOG ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.29017/scog.36.2.13
<![CDATA[Many of the oil and gas installations in the Indonesian Sea are reaching the end of their economic production life. Typically, oil and gas fields have an economic life of 20 to 40 years and a decommissioning program will be required and predicted to peak during the period 2010-2020. Some of them are located in shallow water such as those around Pulau Seribu, Java Sea, and South China Sea; some others are in deeper water such those at Makasar Straits and Moluccas Sea. Many different opinions exist on the benefits and problems of a partial platform removal or a complete removal. For some reasons platforms would be a good fishing spot. On the other hands, an unseen hazard could be left behind by the platforms. Even a complete removal of the platforms is conducted but without proper clearing of the ocean floor, the unused platforms still can cause hazards. For the management of the seas outside the territorial waters, worldwide nations have historically entered into international agreements and conventions. These agreements and conventions that have been entered into under the umbrella of the United Nations are Geneva Convention, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Guidelines. Nationally, there is little information concerning with the decommissioning project. This paper is intended to highlight options for decommissioning of offshore platforms, its environmental impacts, and regulations that could be referred to following the decommissioning proposal. The technological aspects of the structural decommissioning of platforms are beyond the scope of this paper.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect Of Chemicals On The Formation Of Tar Balls From Overboard Water Discharges An Analysis Of Environmental View ]]>
<![CDATA[R. Desrina]]>
<![CDATA[ Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 35 No. 2 (2012): SCOG ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.29017/scog.35.2.29
<![CDATA[The ratio of produced water to produced hydrocarbons increases over the lifetime of an oil well. It is common that oil well production fl uids in the old reservoirs are eventually composed of 90% or more of water and only 10% or less of hydrocarbons. After the initial separation of the bulk produced fl uids, the produced water still contains fi nely dispersed solids and hydrocarbons. It must either be re-injected underground or discharged to surface waters, such as oceans. Strict overboard discharge limits are set by the government regulation. The oil content of overboard water is limited by the Ministry of Environment to be less than 50 mg/L. Various chemicals have been developed as proprietary chemical separation aids to effect and accelerate the separation of oil, water, and solids from each other. These chemicals are commonly referred to as de-emulsifi ers and water clarifi ers. Other chemicals, for example corrosion inhibitors, have properties that are contradictory to de-emulsifi er and clarifi er. These non-separation aid chemicals will absolutely affect the fl uid (oil and water) separation. In the last couple of years, there were problems with the tar balls and chocolate mousse found in the coastal regions of Indonesia, such as at Pulau Seribu and Eastern Coast of Kalimantan. Although these tar balls do not frequently happen, these problems have given nuisance to the surrounding communities especially the fi shermen. This paper is intended to give an analysis of environmental view of the possible factors that might contribute to the formation of tar balls and chocolate mousse from the overboard water discharges from the old oil fi elds.]]>
<![CDATA[OIL AND GREASE DETERMINATION IN PETROLEUM OPERATION WASTE WATER ]]>
<![CDATA[R. Desrina]]>;
<![CDATA[E. Jasjfi]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Mulyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 23 No. 2 (2000): SCOG ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.29017/scog.23.2.129
<![CDATA[A regulation concerning waste water quality for oil and gas activities in Indonesia has recently been issued in the State Minister for Environment Decree No. 42/MENLH/10/1996. Waste water quality for oil and gas activities is classified in this decree according to the type of activities, namely exploration and production activities, refineries, and petroleum product storage and distribution activities. Maximum permissible concentration of oil and grease in waste water varies depending on the activities and mode of discharges. The oil and grease concentration in operation waste water that ranges from 20 ppm for the refineries to 75 ppm for off shore production have led to the variation in determination methodologies. Survey on oil and grease determination methods in Indonesia indicated that determination method ranges from gravimetric method that is unsuitable for light fraction to spectrometric method that depends on the oil standard. Moreover variation of solvent will give different result. This paper describes an overview of oil and grease determination conducted by the Indonesian oil and gas companies informing the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The possible single method that can be utilized as a standard method as well as approaches in conducting correlation program is proposed.]]>
<![CDATA[ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF OIL SPILL DISPERSANT COMPOSITION ]]>
<![CDATA[M. Mulyono]]>;
<![CDATA[R. Desrina]]>;
<![CDATA[E. Jasjfi]]>
<![CDATA[ Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 23 No. 3 (2000): SCOG ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.29017/scog.23.3.133
<![CDATA[Chemical dispersants are often used to disperse spilled oils, which threaten to pollute shoreline areas. In Indonesia all dispersants produced or marketed should undergo the toxicity test with regand to certain types of fish to determine the threshold limit, LC-50. The type of surface-active agent (surfactants) and the solvent used in the dispersants, which determine the dispersing quality, might be toxic to the marine species and bacteria.]]>
<![CDATA[STUDY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT FOR THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES ]]>
<![CDATA[M. Mulyono]]>;
<![CDATA[R. Desrina]]>;
<![CDATA[Evita H. Legowo]]>
<![CDATA[ Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 25 No. 2 (2002): SCOG ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.29017/scog.25.2.150
<![CDATA[Study of hazardous waste treatment and management for the oil and gas industries has been conducted by Lemigas Team to observe the existing guidelines and the implementation of the guidelines in hazardous waste management. The study also includes a selection of the government regulation that should be considered in the hazardous waste treatment and management for the oil and gas industries. Results of the study indicate that the oil industry does not conduct treatment processes for all hazardous wastes that are generated. Some of them, especially those of non-specific hazardous wastes are stored in a temporary storage facility and managed off site for treatment or disposal to a commercial hazardous waste facility. The off-site waste management requires the use of a document termed a manifest for tracking its transport on a "cradle-to-grave" basis. The most prominent problem faced by the oil production industries, however, is the vast generation of wastes from production operation activities such as drilling mud, oil contaminated soil, and oil tank sludge and pit sludge. All of these wastes need to be handled properly. This paper presents the results of the study describing the existing guidelines used by the oil and gas industry and its implementation as well as reviewing the government regulation related to hazardous waste management and the technologies that can be applied in mitigating the hazardous wastes generated by the oil and gas industries.]]>
<![CDATA[STUDY ON PIT CLOSURE GUIDELINES FOR OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES ]]>
<![CDATA[R. Desrina]]>;
<![CDATA[Evita H. Legowo]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Mulyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 25 No. 3 (2002): SCOG ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
|
DOI: 10.29017/scog.25.3.161
<![CDATA[Study on pit closure guidelines for the oil and gas industries has been conducted by Lemigas Team to observe the existing guidelines in the implementation of the guidelines in the closure program of the temporary use of pits. Goals of the study are to review the manual guideline or standard operating procedure (SOP) of pit closure applied to the petroleum fields, and compare it to the relevant government regulation. So far, governmental regulation concerning pit construction and closure has not been established yet. Nevertheless, management approach of pir construction and closure can be established by referring to the available regulation, namely PP. 18/1999- hazardous waste regulation, and the related Ministerial Decree. This approach is based on the reason that such solid wastes are also categorized as hazardous wastes. Looking at from regulation point of view, it can be said that pit management guideline established by the industry has fulfilled and matched with the available regulation such as Kep.-04/Bapedal/09/1995. Nevertheless, some criteria have to be re-evaluated and post-closure plan seem not to be included in the guidelines vet. This paper presents the results of the study describing the existing guidelines used by the oil and gas industry and its implementation as well as reviewing the government regulation related to the pit closure program.]]>
<![CDATA[Pemanasan Global Akibat Kegiatan di Sektor Minyak dan Gas Bumi ]]>
<![CDATA[R. Desrina]]>
<![CDATA[ Lembaran Publikasi Minyak dan Gas Bumi Vol. 48 No. 2 (2014): LPMGB ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[BBPMGB LEMIGAS ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
<![CDATA[Pemanasan global adalah peningkatan suhu rata-rata pada atmosfer, laut, dan daratan Bumi yang sedangterjadi pada saat ini dan akan terjadi di masa-masa mendatang. Pemanasan global ini disebabkan terutamaoleh meningkatnya konsentrasi gas-gas rumah kaca (GRK) melalui efek rumah kaca. Dari sekian banyakgas yang dapat memberikan efek rumah kaca, maka dipercaya gas karbon dioksida (CO2) merupakan GRKyang memberikan andil paling besar di dalam pemanasan global. Emisi gas CO2 ini berasal dari berbagaisumber, namun sumber terbesar adalah akibat kegiatan manusia dari hasil pembakaran bahan bakar fosil,yaitu minyak bumi, gas alam, dan batubara untuk keperluan pada sektor energi, yaitu pembangkit listrik dantransportasi. Berbagai dampak lingkungan akibat pemanasan global ini telah dirasakan. Pada kurun waktubelakangan ini para ilmuwan telah mengamati terjadinya perubahan-perubahan tersebut. Ketika atmosfermenghangat, lapisan permukaan lautan juga akan menghangat, sehingga volumenya akan membesar danmenaikkan tinggi permukaan laut. Tinggi muka laut di seluruh dunia telah meningkat 10-25 cm selamaabad ke-20. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia telah menyatakan komitmennya untuk mengurangi emisigas CO2 sebanyak 26 persen pada tahun 2020. Di dalam tulisan ini dicoba diuraikan sejauh mana sektorminyak dan gas bumi (migas) dalam kontribusinya pada pemanasan global dengan emisi gas CO2-nya danberbagai opsi cara-cara memperkecil kontribusi tersebut.]]>
<![CDATA[Penelitian dan Kajian Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun Kegiatan Eksplorasi dan Produksi Minyak dan Gas Bumi ]]>
<![CDATA[R. Desrina]]>
<![CDATA[ Lembaran Publikasi Minyak dan Gas Bumi Vol. 42 No. 3 (2008): LPMGB ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[BBPMGB LEMIGAS ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
<![CDATA[Istilah limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun (limbah B3) sering mempunyai arti yang bersifat ambigu. Di dalam peraturan pemerintah istilah limbah B3 digunakan lebih untuk mendifinisikannya dari aspek hukum (legal definition) untuk menyatakan limbah sebagai limbah B3 atau bukan limbah B3. Regulasi tentang limbah B3 ini semula dituangkan di dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia tahun 1994, PP No. 19/1994. Definisi limbah B3 di dalam PP tersebut kemudian diubah seiring dengan revisi peraturan tersebut yang menjadi peraturan baru, PP 18/1999. Sesuai peraturan yang termuat di dalam PP 18/1999, beberapa limbah dari kegiatan industri minyak dan gas bumi (migas) secara spesifik dikategorikan sebagai limbah B3. Di sisi lain di dalam peraturan pemerintah (PP 85/99 Pasal 7 ayat (5)) dicantumkan kalimat yang menyatakan bahwa limbah tersebut dapat dinyatakan limbah B-3 setelah dilakukan uji karakteristik dan atau uji toksikologi. Apakah ketentuan uji toksikologi untuk menentukan nilai LD50 dapat diberlakukan terhadap limbah lumpur minyak (sludge) atau lumpur pemboran misalnya, mengingat sludge atau lumpur pemboran ini sangat tidak mungkin untuk dapat di umpankan kepada hewan uji. Selain itu, pasal lain di dalam peraturan pemerintah (PP 85/1999 Pasal 8 ayat (2)) menyebutkan bahwa limbah B3 migas yang spesifik dapat dikeluarkan dari daftar tersebut oleh instansi yang bertanggung jawab, apabila dapat dibuktikan secara ilmiah bahwa limbah tersebut bukan limbah B3 berdasarkan prosedur yang ditetapkan oleh instansi yang bertanggung jawab. Selanjutnya ayat 3 Pasal 8 menyebutkan bahwa pembuktian secara ilmiah dilakukan berdasarkan: (a). Uji karakteristik; (b). Uji toksikologi; dan atau: Hasil studi yang menyimpulkan bahwa limbah yang dihasilkan tidak menimbulkan pencemaran dan gangguan kesehatan terhadap manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Ketetapan-ketetapan di dalam PP 85/1999 khususnya tentang limbah B3 kegiatan eksplorasidan produksi (EP) migas ini sering menimbulkan interpretasi yang kontroversial dan tidak dapat dilaksanakan di lapangan. Penelitian dan kajian ini mencoba menjawab tentang hal-hal tersebut.]]>
<![CDATA[Air Balas (Ballast Water): Sumber Pencemar Ubur-ubur di Dalam Air Pendingin (Cooling Water) pada Industri Pengolahan Migas ]]>
<![CDATA[R. Desrina]]>;
<![CDATA[MS. Wibisono]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Mulyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Lembaran Publikasi Minyak dan Gas Bumi Vol. 40 No. 2 (2006): LPMGB ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[BBPMGB LEMIGAS ]]>
Show Abstract
|
Download Original
|
Original Source
|
Check in Google Scholar
<![CDATA[Ubur-ubur dapat menjadi ancaman bagi industri migas yang berada di tepi pantai yang menggunakan air laut sebagai air pendingin. Dalam jumlah yang cukup banyak ubur-ubur dapat memblokir sistem pendingin sehingga menghambat unjuk kerja dan berdampak ekonomis bagi industri. Walaupun ubur-ubur dapat berasal dari perpindahan secara alami, peristiwa di berbagai tempat di dunia menunjukkan bahwa ubur-ubur dapat berasal dari air balas. Pencemaran ubur-ubur, dan spesies laut lainnya, akan jauh lebih berbahaya dibanding misalnya pencemaran yang berasal dari tumpahan minyak. Bila pencemaran minyak akan menurun seiring dengan waktu, maka invasi ubur-ubur akan terjadi sebaliknya dan bersifat irreversible dan dampaknya diperkirakan mempunyai siklus enam bulanan, sesuai dengan umur rata-rata ubur-ubur. Pengawasan melalui monitoring yang ketat terhadap air balas dari kargo yang akan memuat minyak atau gas alam akan membantu dalam pencegahan masuknya spesies asing ke dalam perairan lokal. Pengawasan ini dilakukan dengan mengacu pada regulasi yang telah dikeluarkan oleh IMO, International Maritim Organization. Bila diketahui adanya organisme yang dapat membahayakan perairan lokal, maka langkah-langkah pencegahan dengan cara pengolahan (treatment) air balas harus dilakukan.]]>
