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All Journal Scientific Contribution Oil and Gas LEMBARAN PUBLIKASI MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI
Evita H. Legowo
Unknown Affiliation
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Earth & Planetary Sciences Energy Engineering Environmental Science

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STUDY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT FOR THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES M. Mulyono; R. Desrina; Evita H. Legowo
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 25 No. 2 (2002): SCOG
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.25.2.150

Abstract

Study of hazardous waste treatment and management for the oil and gas industries has been conducted by Lemigas Team to observe the existing guidelines and the implementation of the guidelines in hazardous waste management. The study also includes a selection of the government regulation that should be considered in the hazardous waste treatment and management for the oil and gas industries. Results of the study indicate that the oil industry does not conduct treatment processes for all hazardous wastes that are generated. Some of them, especially those of non-specific hazardous wastes are stored in a temporary storage facility and managed off site for treatment or disposal to a commercial hazardous waste facility. The off-site waste management requires the use of a document termed a manifest for tracking its transport on a "cradle-to-grave" basis. The most prominent problem faced by the oil production industries, however, is the vast generation of wastes from production operation activities such as drilling mud, oil contaminated soil, and oil tank sludge and pit sludge. All of these wastes need to be handled properly. This paper presents the results of the study describing the existing guidelines used by the oil and gas industry and its implementation as well as reviewing the government regulation related to hazardous waste management and the technologies that can be applied in mitigating the hazardous wastes generated by the oil and gas industries.
PRODUCTION OF GASOLINE COMPONENTS IN ASEAN REFINERIES AND EFFECTS OF THE STRICTER FUEL QUALITY REQUIREMENT A.S. Nasution; E. Jasjfi; Evita H. Legowo
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 25 No. 3 (2002): SCOG
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.25.3.159

Abstract

Intensive implementation of the blue sky program in many countries imposed the use of reformulated gasoline with a very sophisticated specification. Motor gasoline is essentially a complex mixture of hydrocarbons distilled between 40 and 220 C, which consist of distillate fraction of crude oils and the conversion products of crude oil fractions. Small amounts of additives are also used to enhance various aspects of the performance of gasoline. In ASEAN refineries, over 740 MBPSD of feed- stock is processed which produce about 512 MBPSD of gasoline components. About 96 percent of the amount is processed in 39 units of the heterogeneous catalytic processes: i.e. cracking. reforming and isomerization, and the other 4 percent in 4 units of homogeneous catalytic processes: L.e. alkylation and polymerization. Volatility, octane number, hydroegtys4 com: position and impurity content are the most determinant criteria of the gasoline. In most spark-ignition internal combustion engines, the fuel is metered in liquid form through the carburettor or fuel injector, and is mixed with air and partially vaporized before entering the cylinders of the engine. Consequently. volatility, is and extremely important characteristic with respect to starting, driveability, vapor lock, dilution of engine oil fuel economy, and carburettor icing. To increase the octane level of gasoline an anti knock agent such as tetraethyl lead (TEL) or tetramethyl lead (TML) can also be used. Pres- sures to reduce atmospheric pollution are tending towards the reduction or elimination of lead from gasoline. Lead itself is known to be a poison and its presence in the exhaust gas is undesirable. Leudacts as a catalyst poison of catalytic converter installed to reduce carbon monaxide and hydrocarbon emission. Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) is one of the alternative to replace lead alkyls, and has been used as antiknock. Unleaded gasoline (ULG) has been introduced since 1990 in ASEAN Countries: The actual penetration of ULG utilization in the first half of 1998 are as follows : Brunei Darussalam 48.9 , Indonesia 0.6 %. Malaysia 80 %, Philippines 17.7 %, Singapore 81 %. and Thailand 100%. The passage of the Clean Air Act Amendment of 1990 in the USA has forced American refiners to install new facilities to comply with stricter specifications for fuels such as gasoline and diesel oil. Various terms in the models address quality of the gasoline blended, sulfur content, and total aromatics and olefins contents, RVP, the Tof distillation range, sulfur content, and oxygenated content. Specifications for the reformulated gasoline and the ASEAN commecial gasoline are presented. Driveability index (DI) has been standardized by ASTM D-4814-98a and in the near future this DI could be recommended in the specification for the reformulated gasoline. Reformu- lated gasoline can be blended from the high quality gasoline components. Volatitity (RVP. T T T and driveability index), octane number (RON, MON and octane distribution), and hydrocarbon compositions of the gasoline components, as well as the refinery configuration to improve the quality of the gasoline components, and the compositions of these improved gasoline components of reformulated gasoline production are briefly discussed in this paper.
STUDY ON PIT CLOSURE GUIDELINES FOR OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES R. Desrina; Evita H. Legowo; M. Mulyono
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 25 No. 3 (2002): SCOG
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.25.3.161

Abstract

Study on pit closure guidelines for the oil and gas industries has been conducted by Lemigas Team to observe the existing guidelines in the implementation of the guidelines in the closure program of the temporary use of pits. Goals of the study are to review the manual guideline or standard operating procedure (SOP) of pit closure applied to the petroleum fields, and compare it to the relevant government regulation. So far, governmental regulation concerning pit construction and closure has not been established yet. Nevertheless, management approach of pir construction and closure can be established by referring to the available regulation, namely PP. 18/1999- hazardous waste regulation, and the related Ministerial Decree. This approach is based on the reason that such solid wastes are also categorized as hazardous wastes. Looking at from regulation point of view, it can be said that pit management guideline established by the industry has fulfilled and matched with the available regulation such as Kep.-04/Bapedal/09/1995. Nevertheless, some criteria have to be re-evaluated and post-closure plan seem not to be included in the guidelines vet. This paper presents the results of the study describing the existing guidelines used by the oil and gas industry and its implementation as well as reviewing the government regulation related to the pit closure program.
ZEOLIT CRACKING CATALYST A.S. Nasution; E. Jasjfi; Evita H. Legowo
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 26 No. 1 (2003): SCOG
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.26.1.187

Abstract

Nowadays, refiners are facing a continuing need to add bottom processing by catalytic process (catalytic cracking and hydro cracking processes) capacity a result of gradually deteriorating crude oil quality and flat-to-declining for residualfuel oil.
STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF BIOCIDE ON MORPHOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF PAECILOMYCES SP. BY USING TEM AND SEM Sri Kadarwati; Evita H. Legowo
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 26 No. 2 (2003): SCOG
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.26.2.198

Abstract

Fungi is one of the types of microbe that can grow in avtur and can give a serious effect, causing fatal accident due to fuel system clogging.
Reformasi Katalitik Parafin Rendah Menjadi Aromatik dengan Katalis Bifungsional A.S Nasution; E. Jasjfi; Evita H. Legowo
Lembaran Publikasi Minyak dan Gas Bumi Vol. 37 No. 1 (2003): LPMGB
Publisher : BBPMGB LEMIGAS

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Abstract

Untuk meneliti mekanisme reaksi aromotasi parafin rendah yang merupakan komponen rendah hidrokarbon utama di dalam umpan fraksi, suatu penelitian dilakukan tentang reaksi dehidrosiklisaasi n-heksana, n-heptana, n-oktana dengan memakaikatalis H2/ HC = 6 mol/mol pada alat Catatest mini yang dioperasikan secara kontinu.Komposisi hidrokarbon produk dianalisa dengan memekai alat kromatografi.Kenaikan suhu dari 470 0 C sampai 510 0 C, selektivias reaksi dehidrosiklisasi parafin naik sebagai berikut : untuk umpan n- heksana naik dari 2,55 sampai 7,33 % mole, untuk umpan n.heptana naik dari 3,15 sampai 9,26 % mol dan untuk umpann.oktana naik dari 8.40 sampai 20,02 % mol. Reaksi aromotisasi dan reaksi hidrorengkeh parafin rendah diamati naik dengan bertambahnya jumlah atom karbon umpan parafin.Peranan inti-inti aktif dari katalis reforming bifungsional dalam mekanisme reaksi dehidrosiklisasi, hidroisomerisasi , dan hidrorengkeh dari parafin rendah disajikan dalam tulisan ini.
Pengaruh Racun Butilamina pada Dehidrogenasi Sikloheksana dan Hidroisomerisasi N.heptana dengan Katalis Bifungsional A.S Nasution; E. Jasjfi; Evita H. legowo
Lembaran Publikasi Minyak dan Gas Bumi Vol. 38 No. 3 (2004): LPMGB
Publisher : BBPMGB LEMIGAS

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Abstract

Merosotnya mutu minyak bumi, dan meningkatnya program langit biru yang menuntut spesifikasi bahan bakar bensin ramah lingkungan yang sangat ketat, menghasilkan penyempurnaan komposisi bensin dengan meningkatkan komponen bensin isomerat dan pembatasan proporsi reformat, bensin rengkahan katalitik, dan bensin polimer. Pencampuran komponen bensin isomerat tersebut dengan komponen bensin reformat akan meningkatkan distribusi angka oktana dengan sekaligus penurunan kadar benzena dan total aromat yang kadarnya dalam bensin dibatasi. Proses hidroisomerisasi umpan nafta dengan katalis hidroisomerisasi bi functional menghasilkan produk komponen bensin isomerat. Katalis bi functional tersebut mengandung inti aktif logam (Pt) dan inti aktif asam (A12 03 -C1,A12 O3 -SIO2 dan zeolit). Untuk meneliti mekanisme reaksi hidroisomerisasi parafin rendah, suatu penelitian dilakukan tentang pengaruh racun katalis normal butilamina pada reaksi hidroisomerisasi normal heptana dengan katalis bifungsional. Reaksi dehidrogenasi sikloheksana dilakukan untuk penelitian pengaruh racun katalis tersebut pada inti aktif logam katalis bifungsional. Penelitian dilakukan pada kondisi operasi : suhu dari 370o sampai 4000 C, takanan 20 kg/cm2 dan H2 /HC: 6 mol/mol pada alat Catatest Unit yang dioperasikan secara kontinu. Peranan inti-inti aktif katalis bifungsional pada mekanisme reaksi hidroisomerisasi parafin dan deaktivasi kedua jenis inti aktif dari katalis bifungsional oleh racun normal butil amina disajikan dalam makalah ini.
Deaktivasi Katalis oleh Kotoron Umpan Nafta Proses Reformasi A.S Nasution; E. Jasjfi; Evita H. legowo
Lembaran Publikasi Minyak dan Gas Bumi Vol. 38 No. 3 (2004): LPMGB
Publisher : BBPMGB LEMIGAS

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Abstract

Meningkatkan kebutuhan akan bahan bakar bensin ramah lingkungan dan hidrokarbon aromatik untuk bahan baku industri untuk meningkatkan jumlah kedua jenis produk tersebut. Proses reformasi nafta dengan katalis bifungsional dapat menghasilkan komponen bensin bermutu tinggi dan hidrokarbon aromatik rendah (benzene, toulena,dan silena). Umpan nafta mengandung kotoran-kotoran molekul non-hidrokarbon senyawa organik sulfur, nitrogen, oksigen dan juga organik logam, sehingga umpan nafta tersebut perlu dimurnikan lebih dulu pada proses hidromurnian. Katalis reformer bifungsional mempunyai inti aktif logam (mono dan bi-metal) dan inti aktif asam (Al2 O3 C1). Kotoran non-hidrokarbon umpan nafta dapat menurunkan aktivitas katalis reformer bi-fungsional. Untuk meneliti masalah keracunan inti aktif logam katalis reformer bifungsional, telah dilakukan sutu penelitian tentang pengaruh senyawa tiofen, normal butyl amine, etanol dan tetra etil plumbum pada katalis reformer mono dan bi-metal dengan memakai Catatest Unit.
Co-Authors A.S Nasution A.S. Nasution E. Jasjfi M. Mulyono R. Desrina Sri Kadarwati