Articles
<![CDATA[OIL AND GREASE DETERMINATION IN PETROLEUM OPERATION WASTE WATER ]]>
<![CDATA[R. Desrina]]>;
<![CDATA[E. Jasjfi]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Mulyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 23 No. 2 (2000): SCOG ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS ]]>
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DOI: 10.29017/scog.23.2.129
<![CDATA[A regulation concerning waste water quality for oil and gas activities in Indonesia has recently been issued in the State Minister for Environment Decree No. 42/MENLH/10/1996. Waste water quality for oil and gas activities is classified in this decree according to the type of activities, namely exploration and production activities, refineries, and petroleum product storage and distribution activities. Maximum permissible concentration of oil and grease in waste water varies depending on the activities and mode of discharges. The oil and grease concentration in operation waste water that ranges from 20 ppm for the refineries to 75 ppm for off shore production have led to the variation in determination methodologies. Survey on oil and grease determination methods in Indonesia indicated that determination method ranges from gravimetric method that is unsuitable for light fraction to spectrometric method that depends on the oil standard. Moreover variation of solvent will give different result. This paper describes an overview of oil and grease determination conducted by the Indonesian oil and gas companies informing the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The possible single method that can be utilized as a standard method as well as approaches in conducting correlation program is proposed.]]>
<![CDATA[ANALYTICAL METHOD FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF OIL SPILL DISPERSANT COMPOSITION ]]>
<![CDATA[M. Mulyono]]>;
<![CDATA[R. Desrina]]>;
<![CDATA[E. Jasjfi]]>
<![CDATA[ Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 23 No. 3 (2000): SCOG ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS ]]>
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DOI: 10.29017/scog.23.3.133
<![CDATA[Chemical dispersants are often used to disperse spilled oils, which threaten to pollute shoreline areas. In Indonesia all dispersants produced or marketed should undergo the toxicity test with regand to certain types of fish to determine the threshold limit, LC-50. The type of surface-active agent (surfactants) and the solvent used in the dispersants, which determine the dispersing quality, might be toxic to the marine species and bacteria.]]>
<![CDATA[STUDY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT FOR THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES ]]>
<![CDATA[M. Mulyono]]>;
<![CDATA[R. Desrina]]>;
<![CDATA[Evita H. Legowo]]>
<![CDATA[ Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 25 No. 2 (2002): SCOG ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS ]]>
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DOI: 10.29017/scog.25.2.150
<![CDATA[Study of hazardous waste treatment and management for the oil and gas industries has been conducted by Lemigas Team to observe the existing guidelines and the implementation of the guidelines in hazardous waste management. The study also includes a selection of the government regulation that should be considered in the hazardous waste treatment and management for the oil and gas industries. Results of the study indicate that the oil industry does not conduct treatment processes for all hazardous wastes that are generated. Some of them, especially those of non-specific hazardous wastes are stored in a temporary storage facility and managed off site for treatment or disposal to a commercial hazardous waste facility. The off-site waste management requires the use of a document termed a manifest for tracking its transport on a "cradle-to-grave" basis. The most prominent problem faced by the oil production industries, however, is the vast generation of wastes from production operation activities such as drilling mud, oil contaminated soil, and oil tank sludge and pit sludge. All of these wastes need to be handled properly. This paper presents the results of the study describing the existing guidelines used by the oil and gas industry and its implementation as well as reviewing the government regulation related to hazardous waste management and the technologies that can be applied in mitigating the hazardous wastes generated by the oil and gas industries.]]>
<![CDATA[STUDY ON PIT CLOSURE GUIDELINES FOR OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES ]]>
<![CDATA[R. Desrina]]>;
<![CDATA[Evita H. Legowo]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Mulyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 25 No. 3 (2002): SCOG ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS ]]>
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DOI: 10.29017/scog.25.3.161
<![CDATA[Study on pit closure guidelines for the oil and gas industries has been conducted by Lemigas Team to observe the existing guidelines in the implementation of the guidelines in the closure program of the temporary use of pits. Goals of the study are to review the manual guideline or standard operating procedure (SOP) of pit closure applied to the petroleum fields, and compare it to the relevant government regulation. So far, governmental regulation concerning pit construction and closure has not been established yet. Nevertheless, management approach of pir construction and closure can be established by referring to the available regulation, namely PP. 18/1999- hazardous waste regulation, and the related Ministerial Decree. This approach is based on the reason that such solid wastes are also categorized as hazardous wastes. Looking at from regulation point of view, it can be said that pit management guideline established by the industry has fulfilled and matched with the available regulation such as Kep.-04/Bapedal/09/1995. Nevertheless, some criteria have to be re-evaluated and post-closure plan seem not to be included in the guidelines vet. This paper presents the results of the study describing the existing guidelines used by the oil and gas industry and its implementation as well as reviewing the government regulation related to the pit closure program.]]>
<![CDATA[STUDY ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF PIT CLOSURE GUIDELINES FOR OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES ]]>
<![CDATA[M. Mulyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 29 No. 1 (2006): SCOG ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS ]]>
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<![CDATA[Exploration, development, and production activi-lies associated with oil and gas production projectscan have a variety of impacts on the environment.]]>
<![CDATA[STUDY ON FLARING SYSTEM FOR SOUR GASES IN OIL FIELDS IN INDONESIA ]]>
<![CDATA[R. Desiina]]>;
<![CDATA[Supriyadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Aziz M. Lubad]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Mulyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol. 30 No. 2 (2007): SCOG ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS ]]>
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<![CDATA[Many of the oil fields in East Java, Indonesia, are known to contain sulfur in amountssufficiently high that the crude oil or the associated gases are considered sour. The sourgases have to be handled accordingly in order to prevent the workers and the surroundingcommunities suffering from the toxic gas.The flaring system for disposing of the sour gases normally applied in oil fields inIndonesia has been evaluated in this study. Flare Stacks typically attempt to convert hydro-gen sulfide (H2S) in sour gas streams into sulfur dioxide (SO2) and water. The amount ofSO2 emitted does not solely depend on the H2S content of the gas, but also on the internalphysical factors, such as flare gas flow rate, flare gas heat content, flare gas exit velocity,and external factors such as cross wind velocity.This study focuses on the evaluation of the influence of the physical factors, especiallyflare gas flow rate and wind velocity, on SO2 emission. In order to comply with the regula-tion the study also attempts to search the Government of Indonesia Regulations which aresuitable for this purpose.]]>
<![CDATA[Teknik Cuci Lahan (Soil Washing) untuk Remediasi Lahan Tercemar Minyak Bumi ]]>
<![CDATA[M. Mulyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Lembaran Publikasi Minyak dan Gas Bumi Vol. 40 No. 1 (2006): LPMGB ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[BBPMGB LEMIGAS ]]>
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<![CDATA[Pada hakekatnya, berbagai teknologi remediasi dapat dimanfaatkan bagi pemulihan lahan tercemar minyak bumi. Teknologi remediasi ini dapat digolongkan ke dalam empat cara dasar sesuai perubahan sifat yang dialami oleh kontaminan, yaitu cara fisika, kimia, termal, dan biologi. Cara fisika memanfaatkan sifat-sifat fisika dari minyak misalnya sifat kelarutan dan sifat adsorpsi-desorpsi; cara kimia memanfaatkan reaksi-reaksi oksidasi untuk memecah zat-zat beracun; cara termal memanfaatkan sifat-sifat penguapan minyak pada suhu tinggi; cara biologi memanfaatkan sifat biodegradasi minyak oleh mikroorganisme. Salah satu sifat minyak, yaitu sifat kelarutan, dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membersihkan tanah yang tercemar minyak bumi dengan teknik ekstraksi atau dengan teknik soil washing (selanjutnya disebut dengan istilah “cuci lahan”). Baik ekstraksi maupun “cuci lahan”, kedua-duanya bertujuan membersihkan tanah yang tercemar minyak, yaitu dengan cara mengambil minyak dari keterikatannya dengan tanah. Ekstraksi pada umumnya dilakukan dengan menggunakan solven organik, sedang cuci lahan menggunakan surfaktan.]]>
<![CDATA[Air Balas (Ballast Water): Sumber Pencemar Ubur-ubur di Dalam Air Pendingin (Cooling Water) pada Industri Pengolahan Migas ]]>
<![CDATA[R. Desrina]]>;
<![CDATA[MS. Wibisono]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Mulyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Lembaran Publikasi Minyak dan Gas Bumi Vol. 40 No. 2 (2006): LPMGB ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[BBPMGB LEMIGAS ]]>
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<![CDATA[Ubur-ubur dapat menjadi ancaman bagi industri migas yang berada di tepi pantai yang menggunakan air laut sebagai air pendingin. Dalam jumlah yang cukup banyak ubur-ubur dapat memblokir sistem pendingin sehingga menghambat unjuk kerja dan berdampak ekonomis bagi industri. Walaupun ubur-ubur dapat berasal dari perpindahan secara alami, peristiwa di berbagai tempat di dunia menunjukkan bahwa ubur-ubur dapat berasal dari air balas. Pencemaran ubur-ubur, dan spesies laut lainnya, akan jauh lebih berbahaya dibanding misalnya pencemaran yang berasal dari tumpahan minyak. Bila pencemaran minyak akan menurun seiring dengan waktu, maka invasi ubur-ubur akan terjadi sebaliknya dan bersifat irreversible dan dampaknya diperkirakan mempunyai siklus enam bulanan, sesuai dengan umur rata-rata ubur-ubur. Pengawasan melalui monitoring yang ketat terhadap air balas dari kargo yang akan memuat minyak atau gas alam akan membantu dalam pencegahan masuknya spesies asing ke dalam perairan lokal. Pengawasan ini dilakukan dengan mengacu pada regulasi yang telah dikeluarkan oleh IMO, International Maritim Organization. Bila diketahui adanya organisme yang dapat membahayakan perairan lokal, maka langkah-langkah pencegahan dengan cara pengolahan (treatment) air balas harus dilakukan.]]>
<![CDATA[Pelaporan Hasil Analisis Air Sumur Minyak dan Gas Bumi dengan Menggunakan PC ]]>
<![CDATA[M. Mulyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Lembaran Publikasi Minyak dan Gas Bumi Vol. 24 No. 1 (1990): LPMGB ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[BBPMGB LEMIGAS ]]>
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<![CDATA[Suatu program makro aplikasi LOTUS 1-2-3 yang dapat dijalankan pada komputer IBM-PC telah dibuat untuk menyiapkan laporan hasil analisis rutin contoh-contoh air sumur minyak dan gas bumi. Program ini lebih baik dan lebih mudah dipakai dibandingkan dengan program yang ditulis dalam bahasa BASICA. Penggambaran diagram hasil analisispada laporan dapat dilaksanakan secara otomatis. Demikian pula halnya dengan penyimpanan berkas hasil perhitungan.]]>
<![CDATA[Metode Uji untuk Analisi Kualitas Bensin Beroksigen *) ]]>
<![CDATA[E. Jasjfi]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Mulyono]]>
<![CDATA[ Lembaran Publikasi Minyak dan Gas Bumi Vol. 23 No. 1 (1989): LPMGB ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[BBPMGB LEMIGAS ]]>
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<![CDATA[Pembatasan-pembatasan baru akibat permasalahan lingkungan menyebabkan penggunaan senyawa alkil timbal sebagai komponen peningkat angka oktana banyak digantikan oleh senyawa organik beroksigen seperti alkhol dan eter. Oksigenat dewasa ini belum digunakan di Indonesia. Akan tetapi kecenderungan dunia ini diperkirakan akan merambat kek Indonesia, kalau bukan karena alasan lingkungan mungkin karena alasan ligistik.]]>
